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Riestra-Ayora J, Vaduva C, Esteban-Sánchez J, Garrote-Garrote M, Fernández-Navarro C, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Martin-Sanz E. ChatGPT as an information tool in rhinology. Can we trust each other today? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:3253-3259. [PMID: 38436756 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE ChatGPT (Chat-Generative Pre-trained Transformer) has proven to be a powerful information tool on various topics, including healthcare. This system is based on information obtained on the Internet, but this information is not always reliable. Currently, few studies analyze the validity of these responses in rhinology. Our work aims to assess the quality and reliability of the information provided by AI regarding the main rhinological pathologies. METHODS We asked to the default ChatGPT version (GPT-3.5) 65 questions about the most prevalent pathologies in rhinology. The focus was learning about the causes, risk factors, treatments, prognosis, and outcomes. We use the Discern questionnaire and a hexagonal radar schema to evaluate the quality of the information. We use Fleiss's kappa statistical analysis to determine the consistency of agreement between different observers. RESULTS The overall evaluation of the Discern questionnaire resulted in a score of 4.05 (± 0.6). The results in the Reliability section are worse, with an average score of 3.18. (± 1.77). This score is affected by the responses to questions about the source of the information provided. The average score for the Quality section was 3.59 (± 1.18). Fleiss's Kappa shows substantial agreement, with a K of 0.69 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The ChatGPT answers are accurate and reliable. It generates a simple and understandable description of the pathology for the patient's benefit. Our team considers that ChatGPT could be a useful tool to provide information under prior supervision by a health professional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Riestra-Ayora
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12.500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Vaduva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12.500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan Esteban-Sánchez
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12.500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Garrote-Garrote
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12.500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández-Navarro
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12.500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martin-Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, Km 12.500, Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain
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Martin-Sanz E, Chaure-Cordero M, Riestra-Ayora J, González-Marquez R, Mármol-Szombathy I, Esteban-Sanchez J. Bow and Lean Test for Rare Variants of Vertical Semicircular Canal BPPV. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:2405-2410. [PMID: 38087849 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the clinical significance of the Bow and Lean Test (BLT) for the diagnosis of different variants of vertical canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV). BLT is commonly used for diagnoses of lateral semicircular canal (LSC) BPPV. However, vertical nystagmus in the BLT may indicate the presence of other variants such as PSC-BPPV. METHODS 567 patients with vertical canal BPPV were recruited. Patients with anterior semicircular canal (ASC) or PSC-BPPV were weekly examined until the negativization of BPPV. Nystagmus characteristics during BLT were analyzed. RESULTS Of 567 patients with vertical canal BPPV, 1.4% had ASC-BPPV. BLT was positive in 155 patients, showing patterns like down-beating nystagmus in bowing and no nystagmus in leaning (15.52% of patients), and down-beating in bowing and up-beating in leaning (6.17%), which was predominantly present in PSC-canalolithiasis. Statistically significant differences were observed in the direction of nystagmus provoked by BLT in PSC-BPPV subtypes. No significant differences were found in nystagmus latency or duration during BLT positions. Among BPPV subtypes, there was a significant difference in nystagmus duration and latency, especially between cupulolithiasis and other variants. BLT's sensitivity was 0.93 in bowing and 1 in a leaning position, while specificity was 0.93 and 0.82 respectively. CONCLUSION Beyond the LSC, the BLT has expanded to other variants. However, study results differ likely due to variations in patient characteristics and test execution. Currently, no specific features for ASC have been found to differentiate it from PSC-BPPV limiting the test's use for this variant. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3, according to Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Laryngoscope, 134:2405-2410, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martin-Sanz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Riestra-Ayora
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío González-Marquez
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jonathan Esteban-Sanchez
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Riestra-Ayora J, Garrote-Garrote M, Molina-Quiros C, Martin-Sanz E. Letter to the editor about "Pulmonary invasive fungal infection and rhinofacial cellulitis with paranasal sinus and orbital fossa invasion in an inmunocompromised patient". Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2023; 41:137-138. [PMID: 36624028 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Riestra-Ayora
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Cristina Molina-Quiros
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martin-Sanz
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Riestra-Ayora J, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Palao-Suay R, Yanes-Díaz J, Martín-Hita A, Aguilar MR, Sanz-Fernández R. Paclitaxel-loaded polymeric nanoparticles based on α-tocopheryl succinate for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: in vivo murine model. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1376-1388. [PMID: 34180747 PMCID: PMC8245075 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1923863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is generally poor. New treatments are required to supplement the current standard of care. Paclitaxel (PTX), an effective chemotherapeutic for HNSCC, has serious side effects. A polymeric nanocarrier system was developed for the delivery of PTX to improve HNSCC treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of PTX-loaded polymeric nanoparticles based on α-TOS (PTX-NPs) administered by direct intratumoral injection into a Hypopharynx carcinoma squamous cells (FaDu) tumor xenograft mouse model. The nanocarrier system based on block copolymers of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a methacrylic derivative of α-TOS was synthesized and PTX was loaded into the delivery system. Tumor volume was measured to evaluate the antitumor effect of the PTX-NPs. The relative mechanisms of apoptosis, cell proliferation, growth, angiogenesis, and oxidative and nitrosative stress were detected by Western blotting, fluorescent probes, and immunohistochemical analysis. The antitumor activity results showed that compared to free PTX, PTX-NPs exhibited much higher antitumor efficacy and apoptosis-inducing in a FaDu mouse xenograft model and demonstrated an improved safety profile. Ki-67, EGFR, and angiogenesis markers (Factor VIII, CD31, and CD34) expression were significantly lower in the PTX-NPs group compared with other groups (p < .05). Also, PTX-NPs induced oxidative and nitrosative stress in tumor tissue. Direct administration of PTX-loaded polymeric nanoparticles based on α-Tocopheryl Succinate at the tumor sites, proved to be promising for HNSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Riestra-Ayora
- Department otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe (Madrid), Carretera de Toledo, km 12.500, Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Palao-Suay
- Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials Institute of Polymer Science and Technology CSIC, Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine CIBER-BBN, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Yanes-Díaz
- Department otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe (Madrid), Carretera de Toledo, km 12.500, Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-Hita
- Department Pathology, Hospital, Universitario de Getafe, Getafe (Madrid), Carretera de Toledo, km 12.500, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosa Aguilar
- Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials Institute of Polymer Science and Technology CSIC, Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine CIBER-BBN, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanz-Fernández
- Department otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe (Madrid), Carretera de Toledo, km 12.500, Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
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Riestra-Ayora J, Yanes-Diaz J, Esteban-Sanchez J, Vaduva C, Molina-Quiros C, Larran-Jimenez A, Martin-Sanz E. Long-term follow-up of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19: 6 months case-control study of health workers. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:4831-4837. [PMID: 33774737 PMCID: PMC8004560 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to determine the incidence and long-term evolution of COVID-related olfactory (OD) and gustatory (GD) dysfunction, the recovery timeline, and the association with other symptoms. The secondary objective was to identify the predictive clinical factors for the evolution of these symptoms. METHODS A prospective case-control study was conducted from March 15 to October 15, 2020, in health workers with COVID-19 related symptoms in a tertiary care hospital. 320 patients were included after 6 months of follow-up: 195 in the case group and 125 in the control group. Olfactory dysfunction (OD), dysosmia, and gustatory dysfunction (GD) onset and recovery rate after 6 months follow-up are analyzed in both groups. RESULTS There were 125 (64.1%) in case group patients with OD and 118 (60.5%) with GD. Total or partial recovery OD and GD was found in 89%, mainly in the first 2 months. In the control group, there were 14 (11.2%) patients with OD and 33 (26.4%) patients with GD, with 100% of total/partial recovery. CONCLUSION In both groups, OD and GD showed high-resolution rates during the first two months after the onset of symptoms. Nevertheless, 11% of the case group patients did not show any recovery, and the partial resolution was present in 30% of our patients, at the 6 months follow-up. We found a high correlation between OD and GD, both in the appearance of symptoms and in their recovery. Nasal obstruction and dyspnea have been identified as risk factors for the persistence of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Riestra-Ayora
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Getafe, Crta Toledo Km 12,500, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquin Yanes-Diaz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Getafe, Crta Toledo Km 12,500, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan Esteban-Sanchez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Getafe, Crta Toledo Km 12,500, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Vaduva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Getafe, Crta Toledo Km 12,500, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Molina-Quiros
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Getafe, Crta Toledo Km 12,500, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Larran-Jimenez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Getafe, Crta Toledo Km 12,500, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martin-Sanz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Getafe, Crta Toledo Km 12,500, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Riestra-Ayora J, Yanes-Diaz J, Martin-Sanz E. Reply to the Letter to the Editor, "Tracheostomy in the COVID-19 Era: The Apneic Approach". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 163:1284. [PMID: 32600096 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820940654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Riestra-Ayora J, Yanes-Diaz J, Penuelas O, Molina-Quiros C, Sanz-Fernández R, Martin-Sanz E. Safety and Prognosis in Percutaneous vs Surgical Tracheostomy in 27 Patients With COVID-19. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 163:462-464. [PMID: 32450761 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820931801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, patients in intensive care units who are undergoing long-term intubation may require tracheostomy. There is controversy about indication and health care professionals' safety regarding the conventional or percutaneous technique. We performed a prospective analysis of a series of 27 consecutive patients with COVID-19 comparing both tracheostomy techniques, safety, and prognosis clinical markers. The results show that the techniques are equally safe, without cases of infection in surgeons. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score before surgery and the progression in ventilation support during the first 72 hours after tracheostomy are optimal prognostic markers for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Riestra-Ayora
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Yanes-Diaz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Penuelas
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Diseases CIBER, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Molina-Quiros
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanz-Fernández
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martin-Sanz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Cuadrado E, Riestra-Ayora J, Sanz-Fernández R. Polyphenols protect against age-associated apoptosis in female rat cochleae. Biogerontology 2018; 19:159-169. [PMID: 29363005 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants, polyphenols, have been found to be beneficial in protecting against the generation of oxidative stress in various diseases associated with aging. Age-related hearing loss (AHL) is the number one neurodegenerative disorder on our aged population. Sprague-Dawley rats divided into five groups according to their age (3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months old) and treated with 100 mg/day/kg body weight of polyphenols were used. Then, cochleae were harvested to measure caspase activities (- 3, - 8 and - 9), caspase-3 gene expression, ATP levels, Bax, BcL-2 and p53 levels. 8-OHdG levels (marker of DNA oxidative damage) and annexin-V were also measured in cochleae. Increased levels of caspase-3 and 9 in cochlea were observed with age and this effect was attenuated by polyphenol treatment. In addition, ATP and Bcl-2 levels in older rats were recovered after administration of polyphenols, while Bax and p53 levels protein decreased. Oral supplementation with polyphenols also reduces DNA oxidative damage of cochlear cell. Treatment with polyphenols inhibits the activation of age-related apoptotic signaling by decreasing oxidative stress inside the rat cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esperanza Cuadrado
- Department of biochemistry, University Hospital of Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12, Getafe, 500, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Riestra-Ayora
- European University of Madrid, Calle del Tajo S/N, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12, Getafe, 500, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanz-Fernández
- European University of Madrid, Calle del Tajo S/N, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12, Getafe, 500, Madrid, Spain
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Palao-Suay R, Rodrigáñez L, Aguilar MR, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Parra F, Fernández M, Parra J, Riestra-Ayora J, Sanz-Fernández R, San Román J. Mitochondrially Targeted Nanoparticles Based on α-TOS for the Selective Cancer Treatment. Macromol Biosci 2015; 16:395-411. [PMID: 26632009 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is the preparation of an active nanovehicle for the effective administration of α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS). α-TOS is loaded in the core of nanoparticles (NPs) based on amphiphilic pseudo-block copolymers of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and a methacrylic derivative of α-TOS. These well-defined spherical NPs have sizes below 165 nm and high encapsulation efficiencies. In vitro activity of NPs is tested in hypopharynx squamous carcinoma (FaDu) cells and nonmalignant epithelial cells, demonstrating that the presence of additional α-TOS significantly enhances its antiproliferative activity; however, a range of selective concentrations is observed. These NPs induce apoptosis of FaDu cells by activating the mitochondria death pathway (via caspase-9). Both loaded and unloaded NPs act via complex II and produce high levels of reactive oxygen species that trigger apoptosis. Additionally, these NPs effectively suppress the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These results open the possibility to use this promising nanoformulation as an α-TOS delivery system for the effective cancer treatment, effectively resolving the current limitations of free α-TOS administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Palao-Suay
- Group of Biomaterials, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - Laura Rodrigáñez
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, University Hospital of Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12, 500, 28905, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosa Aguilar
- Group of Biomaterials, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - Carolina Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, University Hospital of Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12, 500, 28905, Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,European University of Madrid, C/Tajo s/n. 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Parra
- Group of Biomaterials, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Fernández
- Group of Biomaterials, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - Juan Parra
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain.,Clinical Research and Experimental Biopathology Unit, Healthcare Complex of Ávila, SACYL. C/Jesús del Gran Poder 42, 05003, Ávila, Spain
| | - Juan Riestra-Ayora
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, University Hospital of Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12, 500, 28905, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanz-Fernández
- Foundation for Biomedical Research, University Hospital of Getafe, Carretera de Toledo, km 12, 500, 28905, Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,European University of Madrid, C/Tajo s/n. 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio San Román
- Group of Biomaterials, Department of Polymeric Nanomaterials and Biomaterials, Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
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