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Chow JJ, Pitts KM, Chabot JM, Ito R, Shaham Y. A rat model of operant negative reinforcement in opioid-dependent males and females. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06594-w. [PMID: 38642101 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Avoidance of opioid withdrawal plays a key role in human opioid addiction. Here, we present a procedure for studying operant negative reinforcement in rats that was inspired by primate procedures where opioid-dependent subjects lever-press to prevent naloxone infusions. METHODS In Experiment 1, we trained rats (n = 30, 15 females) to lever-press to escape and then avoid mild footshocks (0.13-0.27 mA) for 35 days (30 trials/d). Next, we catheterized them and implanted minipumps containing methadone (10 mg/kg/day) or saline. We then paired (4 times, single session) a light cue (20-s) with a naloxone infusion (20 µg/kg, i.v) that precipitated opioid withdrawal. Next, we trained the rats to escape naloxone injections for 10 days (30 trials/d). Each trial started with the onset of the opioid-withdrawal cue. After 20-s, the lever extended, and an infusion of naloxone (1 to 2.2 µg/kg/infusion) began; a lever-press during an 11-s window terminated the withdrawal-paired cue and the infusion. In Experiment 2, we trained rats (n = 34, 17 females) on the same procedure but decreased the footshock escape/avoidance training to 20 days. RESULTS All rats learned to lever-press to escape or avoid mild footshocks. In both experiments, a subset, 56% (10/18) and 33% (8/24) of methadone-dependent rats learned to lever-press to escape naloxone infusions. CONCLUSIONS We introduce an operant negative reinforcement procedure where a subset of opioid-dependent rats learned to lever-press to escape withdrawal-inducing naloxone infusions. The procedure can be used to study mechanisms of individual differences in opioid negative reinforcement-related behaviors in opioid-dependent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla M Pitts
- Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Rutsuko Ito
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, USA.
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2
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Chow JJ, Beacher NJ, Chabot JM, Oke M, Venniro M, Lin DT, Shaham Y. Characterization of operant social interaction in rats: effects of access duration, effort, peer familiarity, housing conditions, and choice between social interaction vs. food or remifentanil. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2093-2108. [PMID: 35230469 PMCID: PMC10724845 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Social factors play a critical role in drug addiction. We recently showed that rats will abstain from methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and remifentanil self-administration when given a choice between the addictive drug and operant social interaction. Here, we further characterized operant social interaction by determining the effects of access duration, effort, peer familiarity, and housing conditions. We also determined choice between social interaction vs. palatable food or remifentanil. METHODS We first trained single-housed male and female rats to lever-press for social interaction with a sex- and age-matched peer. Next, we determined effects of access duration (3.75 to 240 s), effort (increasing fixed-ratio schedule requirements or progressive ratio schedule), peer familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar), and housing conditions (single vs. paired housing) on social self-administration. We also determined choice between social interaction vs. palatable food pellets or intravenous remifentanil (0, 1, 10 µg/kg/infusion). RESULTS Increasing access duration to a peer decreased social self-administration under fixed ratio but not progressive ratio schedule; the rats showed similar preference for short vs. long access duration. Social self-administration under different fixed ratio requirements was higher in single-housed than in paired-housed rats and higher for a familiar vs. unfamiliar partner in single-housed but not paired-housed rats. Response rates of food-sated rats under increasing fixed-ratio requirements were higher for palatable food than for social interaction. The rats strongly preferred palatable food over social interaction and showed dose-dependent preference for social interaction vs. remifentanil. CONCLUSIONS We identified parameters influencing the reinforcing effects of operant social interaction and introduce a choice procedure sensitive to remifentanil self-administration dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jules M Chabot
- Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marvellous Oke
- Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marco Venniro
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Da-Ting Lin
- Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Keefer SE, Bacharach SZ, Kochli DE, Chabot JM, Calu DJ. Effects of Limited and Extended Pavlovian Training on Devaluation Sensitivity of Sign- and Goal-Tracking Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:3. [PMID: 32116587 PMCID: PMC7010919 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in Pavlovian approach predict differences in devaluation sensitivity. Recent studies indicate goal-tracking (GT) rats are sensitive to outcome devaluation while sign-tracking (ST) rats are not. With extended training in Pavlovian lever autoshaping (PLA), GT rats display more lever-directed behavior, typical of ST rats, suggesting they may become insensitive to devaluation with more Pavlovian training experience. Here, we use a within-subject satiety-induced outcome devaluation procedure to test devaluation sensitivity after limited and extended PLA training in GT and ST rats. We trained rats in PLA to determine GT and ST groups. Then, we sated rats on either the training pellets (devalued condition) or homecage chow (valued condition) prior to brief non-reinforced test sessions after limited (sessions 5/6) and extended (sessions 17/18) PLA training. GT rats decreased conditioned responding under devalued relative to valued conditions after both limited and extended training, demonstrating they are sensitive to satiety devaluation regardless of the amount of PLA training. While ST rats were insensitive to satiety devaluation after limited training, their lever directed behavior became devaluation sensitive after extended training. To determine whether sign-tracking rats also displayed sensitivity to illness-induced outcome devaluation after extended training, we trained a separate cohort of rats in extended PLA and devalued the outcome with lithium chloride injections after pellet consumption in the homecage. ST rats failed to decrease conditioned responding after illness-induced outcome devaluation, while Non-ST rats (GT and intermediates) were sensitive to illness-induced outcome devaluation after extended training. Together, our results confirm devaluation sensitivity is stable in GT rats across training and devaluation approaches. Extended training unmasks devaluation sensitivity in ST rats after satiety, but not illness-induced devaluation, suggesting ST rats respond appropriately by decreasing responding to cues during state-dependent but not inference-based devaluation. The differences in behavioral flexibility across tracking groups and devaluation paradigms have translational relevance for the understanding state- vs. inference-based reward devaluation as it pertains to drug addiction vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Keefer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sam Z Bacharach
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniel E Kochli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jules M Chabot
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, United States
| | - Donna J Calu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Dibie A, Femery V, Dubois A, Blacher J, Beaunier P, Thorez F, Chabot JM, Isnard-Bagnis C, Benzaqui M, Ohannessian R, Garnier M, Durand-Zaleski I, Ballouk S, Sosner P, Pavy B. [VIVOPTIM: Feedback of an e-Health experimental program of primary prevention of cardiovascular risk on 30 to 70 years old volunteers]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2018; 67:293-299. [PMID: 30301547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Today by the e-health and the telemedicine, many people are more and more interested by the improvement of disease knowledge on cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors, personalized self management support follow-up and e-Health monitoring. MGEN is a not-for-profit complementary health insurance gave itself the ways to use the new digital tools in health. MGEN developed an original and personalized program VIVOPTIM for the primary prevention of the cardiovascular risks for their members. The VIVOPTIM Pilot program is based upon digital services and was experimented by November 2015 to December, 2017 with 8000 members of the MGEN, from 30 to 70 years old and resident in two French areas (Occitanie and Bourgogne Franche-Comté). The assessment of the experiment VIVOPTIM e -health program was positive for the personalized cardiovascular support and for their health. Therefore, the MGEN generalized the VIVOPTIM program of cardiovascular prevention, to the whole France on July 11th, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dibie
- Département de pathologie cardiaque, institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42, boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - V Femery
- Mutuelle générale de l'éducation nationale, 3, square Max-Hymans, 75748 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - A Dubois
- Mutuelle générale de l'éducation nationale, 3, square Max-Hymans, 75748 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - J Blacher
- Centre de diagnostic et thérapeutique, Hôtel-Dieu, université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, place du Parvis-Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France
| | | | - F Thorez
- 66, 68, rue de la Glacière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - J M Chabot
- Haute Autorité de Santé, 5, avenue du Stade-de-France, 93218 Saint-Denis, France
| | - C Isnard-Bagnis
- Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - M Benzaqui
- 66, 68, rue de la Glacière, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - M Garnier
- Mutuelle générale de l'éducation nationale, 3, square Max-Hymans, 75748 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - I Durand-Zaleski
- Santé publique hôpital Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - S Ballouk
- Mutuelle générale de l'éducation nationale, 3, square Max-Hymans, 75748 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - P Sosner
- Centre de diagnostic et thérapeutique, Hôtel-Dieu, université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, place du Parvis-Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France
| | - B Pavy
- Service de réadaptation cardiaque, centre hospitalier Loire Vendée Océan, 44270 Machecoul, France
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5
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Chabot JM. [National ranking examination for medical graduates: contextual elements and analysis]. Rev Prat 2004; 54:1327-38. [PMID: 15461053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
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6
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Chabot JM. [Evaluating the stages]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:2229-30. [PMID: 11828639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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7
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Chabot JM. [Psychology of choice behavior: medical application]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:2117-8. [PMID: 11842731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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8
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Chabot JM. [The fourth mission...]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:1923-4. [PMID: 11787225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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9
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Chabot JM. [University references. Foreword and report of motives]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:1807-8. [PMID: 11795126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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10
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Chabot JM. ["Academic detailing"]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:1687-8. [PMID: 11759540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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11
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Chabot JM. [The Cochrane Collaboration]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:1581-2. [PMID: 11757275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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12
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Thébaut JF, Chabot JM, Durand JP, Childs M, Assouline S, Breton C, Fraboulet JY, Sebaoun A, Aviérinos C. [Evaluation of continuing medical training in private sector French cardiologists in 1999]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2001; 94:1001-7. [PMID: 11603062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The authors present the results of a retrospective national enquiry which took place in 1999 and was mailed and faxed to the 3,800 cardiologists practising in the private sector in order to assess the different types of continuous, individual and collective postgraduate training which they had benefited from in the preceding 12 months. The data was analysed by comparison with that obtained from an individualized representative sample in a panel of private sector cardiologists. The results were then compared with the criteria of a yardstick proposed by the National Committee of Continuous Medical Education of 1997, according to the April 25th 1996 decree. The meeting of these criteria would require carrying out 114,000 to 76,000 hour-equivalents of continuous education whereas the present offer is about 100,000 hour-equivalents. The different forms of individual or collective training were compared in the 327 questionnaires which were exploitable following adhesion to the French Society of Cardiology, to the Cardiologists' Union, to local cardiological societies, by age, gender and type of practice. The average number of annual hours of collective education was 52.2 +/- 60.1 hours (25% quartile = 25 hours, 75% = 60 hours). The average value of hours of individual education was 89.7 +/- 89.3 hours (25% quartile = 25 hours; 75% = 120 hours). This evaluation indicates that about 15% of cardiologists practising in the private sector have inadequate continuous medical education and that 68% would satisfy the criteria laid down in 1997. Moreover, the present offer would seem to be adequate providing the criteria of accreditation have been met.
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Chabot JM. [The researcher, the clinician, the teacher ... and the evaluation]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:1347-8. [PMID: 11503509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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14
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Chabot JM. [Medical development: conflict of interest?]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:1115-6. [PMID: 11468911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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15
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Chabot JM. [Advice for students at the end of the training]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:993-4. [PMID: 11458615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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16
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Chabot JM. ["Pedagogic education" of teachers]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:871-2. [PMID: 11387690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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17
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Chabot JM. [The social responsibility of medical faculty]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:649-50. [PMID: 11345867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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18
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Chabot JM. [Integrity]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:543-4. [PMID: 11345563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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19
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Chabot JM. [Brief musical pedagogy: docimology]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:421-2. [PMID: 11355607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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20
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Chabot JM. [The prescriber and the pedagogue]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:297-8. [PMID: 11265427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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21
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Chabot JM. [The prescriber and the pedagogue]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:185-6. [PMID: 11252945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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22
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Chabot JM. [Medical demography: time of failure]. Rev Prat 2001; 51:57-8. [PMID: 11234097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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23
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Chabot JM. [Quantifying quality: the patient's perspective]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:2155-6. [PMID: 11213460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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24
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Chabot JM. [The quality of health care and histograms]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:1921-2. [PMID: 11151334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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25
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Chabot JM. [Recertification: expectation or reality?]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:1801-2. [PMID: 11103133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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26
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Chabot JM. [The Flexner Report]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:1693-4. [PMID: 11116611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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27
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Chabot JM. [Innovation, pragmatism and self-derision]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:1569-70. [PMID: 11068622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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28
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Chabot JM. [France 1]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:1451-2. [PMID: 11019638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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29
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Chabot JM. [Perils in the Americas: five commentaries and an editorial]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:1221-2. [PMID: 11008504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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30
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Chabot JM. [Continuing medical education: a survey of the situation]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:1111-2. [PMID: 10905097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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31
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Chabot JM. [Quality assessment: the physician's side]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:993-4. [PMID: 10865499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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32
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Chabot JM. [Managed care: definition(s) and suspicions]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:875-6. [PMID: 10874866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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33
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Chabot JM. [Learning the critical lecture: choice morsels]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:763-4. [PMID: 10853557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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34
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Chabot JM. [The United Kingdom, New Zealand ... and us]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:639-40. [PMID: 10808321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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35
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Chabot JM. [Taxonomy, attitudes and competence]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:413-4. [PMID: 10748674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Chabot JM. [Data, projections, and perspectives of doctor Cooper]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:299-300. [PMID: 11923955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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37
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Chabot JM. [Medical demography: 1 table, 2 figures, 3 points]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:181-2. [PMID: 10737091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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38
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Chabot JM. [Year 2000: The year of patient education?]. Rev Prat 2000; 50:59-60. [PMID: 10731829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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39
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Chabot JM. [Care networks in the year 2000]. Rev Prat 1999; 49:2245-6. [PMID: 10731810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Chabot JM. [Professional lives and families of physicians]. Rev Prat 1999; 49:2133-4. [PMID: 10649649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Chabot JM. [Continuing medical education (1990-2000): the stages (II)]. Rev Prat 1999; 49:2017-8. [PMID: 10626489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Chabot JM. [Continuing medical education (19990-2000): the stages (I)]. Rev Prat 1999; 49:1897-8. [PMID: 10598507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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43
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Chabot JM. [The curriculum of medical studies]. Rev Prat 1999; 49:1789-90. [PMID: 10578610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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44
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Chabot JM. [War against nicotinism: when good will goes up in smoke...]. Rev Prat 1999; 49:1672-3. [PMID: 10581999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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45
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Chabot JM. [Evidence-based medicine: pluses and minuses (I)]. Rev Prat 1999; 49:1433-4. [PMID: 10526493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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46
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Chabot JM. [Distribution curve and network of care]. Rev Prat 1999; 49:1319-20. [PMID: 10488664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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47
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Chabot JM. [2 histories]. Rev Prat 1999; 49:1201-2. [PMID: 10416352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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48
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Chabot JM. [French-speaking 1999]. Rev Prat 1999; 49:1089-90. [PMID: 10485194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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49
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Chabot JM. [Contempo 1998: the current status of telemedicine]. Rev Prat 1999; 49:979-80. [PMID: 11865464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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50
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Chabot JM. [What's in the bottom of white coat pockets?]. Rev Prat 1999; 49:855-6. [PMID: 10337199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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