Factors that Affect the Shear Bond Strength of Pit and Fissure Sealants to Tooth Structure: A Systematic Review

INTRODUCTION

Pit and fissure sealants are effective in preventing caries disease, however, they may present flaws that damage the physical barrier leading to treatment failure.

OBJECTIVE

To answer the question ''Do pit and fissure sealants present good adhering to the dental structure when analyzed by their resistance to shear/microshear?".

METHODS

This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was recorded in Open Science Framework. Embase, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases were used for the search strategy. The articles were selected according to the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was performed with the adaptation of the quasi-experimental studies tool by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).

RESULTS

1245 studies were found in the databases when applying the search strategy, after removal of duplicates 881 were evaluated and 44 were selected. After applying the JBI tool, 30 studies presented low risk and 15 moderate risk of bias. Meta-analysis was not possible to performed due to the heterogeneity of the studies.

CONCLUSION

The adhesion is dependent on the application protocol, and among the protocols evaluated, conditioning with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds and contamination of the substrate, as these can affect sealant adhesion.

Influence of dental implant/mini-implant design on stress distribution in overdentures: a systematic review

PURPOSE

Critically evaluate the existing literature and answer the question, "Does the dental implant/mini-implant design influence the stress distribution in prosthetic overdentures according to finite element analysis?".

METHODS

This systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (osf.io/2bquj) and followed the PRISMA protocols. The custom search strategy was applied to 4 databases. In vitro experimental studies that evaluated the influence of dental implant/mini-implant design on stress distribution in overdentures by FEM, without time and language restrictions, were included. The selection process was carried out in two stages by two reviewers independently. Risk of bias analysis was performed by a checklist of important parameters.

RESULTS

Sixty articles were evaluated by their title and abstract, four were selected for full reading, three were relevant, and nine were included by additional search. The 12 studies have a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of the data (implant type, design variation, load intensity, and direction).

CONCLUSION

It can be inferred from the evaluated literature that design modifications influence the stress distribution, but as the FEM presents limitations inherent to the in vitro study, clinical trials are necessary to infer the effectiveness of the modifications. It should be noted that there is no consensus on which is the best thread design and that implants with a very narrow diameter are subject to the highest stress concentration.

Prevention of Caries in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Dental Materials

This study aims to identify dental materials and their effectiveness in preventing caries in patients after chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the head and neck. The electronic search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, Embase and Scopus. All 653 articles found passed through a double-blinded screening process. The exclusion of articles by reading titles and abstracts selected 16 articles for full reading, of which 4 were included into the study. A risk of bias analysis for non-randomized and randomized articles was performed using respectively the ROBINS I and ROB II tools. The data extraction suggested that the casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), in association with fluorine, is able to form harder surfaces compared to the control group, the intraoral fluoride-releasing system (IFRS) effectiveness is similar to the fluorine in gel and a mouthwash composed of natural enzymes (Oral7) did not demonstrate effectiveness in the prevention dental caries. New randomized controlled clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention when applying dental materials in patients after treatment of head and neck cancer.

Bacterial Adhesion Strength on Titanium Surfaces Quantified by Atomic Force Microscopy: A Systematic Review

Few studies have been able to elucidate the correlation of factors determining the strength of interaction between bacterial cells and substrate at the molecular level. The aim was to answer the following question: What biophysical factors should be considered when analyzing the bacterial adhesion strength on titanium surfaces and its alloys for implants quantified by atomic force microscopy? This review followed PRISMA. The search strategy was applied in four databases. The selection process was carried out in two stages. The risk of bias was analyzed. One thousand four hundred sixty-three articles were found. After removing the duplicates, 1126 were screened by title and abstract, of which 57 were selected for full reading and 5 were included; 3 had a low risk of bias and 2 moderated risks of bias. (1) The current literature shows the preference of bacteria to adhere to surfaces of the same hydrophilicity. However, this fact was contradicted by this systematic review, which demonstrated that hydrophobic bacteria developed hydrogen bonds and adhered to hydrophilic surfaces; (2) the application of surface treatments that induce the reduction of areas favorable for bacterial adhesion interfere more in the formation of biofilm than surface roughness; and (3) bacterial colonization should be evaluated in time-dependent studies as they develop adaptation mechanisms, related to time, which are obscure in this review.

Influence of antibacterial surface treatment on dental implants on cell viability: A systematic review

There is no consensus in the literature about the best non-cytotoxic antibacterial surface treatment for dental implants. Critically evaluate the existing literature and answer the question: "which surface treatment for dental implants made of titanium and its alloys has the greatest non-cytotoxic antibacterial activity for osteoblastic cells?" This systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (osf.io/8fq6p) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols. The search strategy was applied to four databases. Articles were selected that evaluated in both studies the properties of 1) antibacterial activity and 2) cytotoxicity on osteoblastic cells of titanium and their alloy dental implants when treated superficially. Systematic reviews, book chapters, observational studies, case reports, articles that studied non-dental implants, and articles that evaluated only the development of surface treatment were excluded. The Joanna Briggs Institute, a quasi-experimental study assessment tool, was adapted to assess the risk of bias. The search strategy found 1178 articles in the databases after removing duplicates in EndNote Web, resulting in 1011 articles to be evaluated by title and abstract, of which 21 were selected for full reading, of which 12 were included by eligibility criteria, and nine were excluded. Quantitative synthesis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of the data (surface treatment, antibacterial assay, bacteria strain, cell viability assay, and cell type). Risk of bias assessment showed that ten studies were classified as low risk and two studies as moderate risk. The evaluated literature allowed us to conclude that: 1) The literature surveyed did not allow answering the question due to the heterogeneity of the studies; 2) Ten of the 12 studies evaluated presented surface treatments with non-cytotoxic antibacterial activity; 3) Adding nanomaterials, QPEI, BG, and CS, reduce the chances of bacterial resistance by controlling their adhesion by electrical forces.

Mechanical performance of 3-dimensionally printed resins compared with conventional and milled resins for the manufacture of occlusal devices: A systematic review

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Digital methods for manufacturing occlusal devices provide advantages over conventional techniques, but information about the mechanical properties of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed resins is scarce.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature to determine whether 3D-printed resins for occlusal devices present satisfactory mechanical performance when compared with milled and conventional heat polymerized and autopolymerized resins.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This systematic review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and was registered in the Open Science Framework. The search strategy was applied without restriction of time and language to Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases, and to the nonpeer-reviewed literature in ProQuest and Google Scholar. The selection process was conducted independently in 2 stages by 2 reviewers according to the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was analyzed by using a checklist of important parameters to be considered. The systematic review considered the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, studies (PICOS) format, where population was resins for 3D printing of occlusal devices, intervention was inherent characteristics of the resin, comparison was conventional heat polymerized, autopolymerized, and milled resins, outcome was mechanical performance, and studies were in vitro experimental studies.

RESULTS

A total of 1430 articles were found with the search strategy. After removing 182 duplicates found in Rayyan, the title and abstract of 1248 articles were evaluated, of which 37 articles were screened from the databases, 23 were selected for full reading, and 6 met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review; 1 had a low risk of bias and 5 had a moderate risk. An additional search of the reference list of included articles did not result in the inclusion of any articles. A quantitative meta-analysis could not be performed because of the heterogeneity of the included studies regarding the type of resin used and the method for evaluating mechanical performance.

CONCLUSIONS

Resins for 3D printing had satisfactory mechanical performance for interocclusal devices when compared with conventional heat polymerized and autopolymerized resins, except for hardness. Milled resins were better than 3D-printed resins in hardness, wear resistance, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and fracture resistance when printing angle and thickness were not considered. Further development is needed in terms of printing techniques and chemical composition, as they are important for optimal mechanical properties and clinical performance.

Association between depression and temporomandibular dysfunction in adults - a systematic review

OBJECTIVE

To critically evaluate the literature and answer the question: "Is there an association between depression and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in adults?"

METHODS

The personalized search strategy was applied to PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Articles were selected in two stages according to the eligibility criteria. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used to analyze the risk of bias according to the type of study.

RESULTS

The included articles presented a moderate risk of bias. Based on the studies, individuals with TMD have higher levels of depression compared to the control group. There is also a direct association in that individuals with depression are more susceptible to developing TMD.

CONCLUSION

There is a probable association between depression and TMD in adults. However, more studies with high methodological quality are needed to confirm this finding.

Influence of the roughness of dental implants obtained by additive manufacturing on osteoblastic adhesion and proliferation: A systematic review

Objective

Critically analyzed the existing literature to answer the question "What is the influence of roughness of surfaces for dental implants obtained by additive manufacturing compared to machined on osteoblastic cell adhesion and proliferation?"

Design

This systematic review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was registered in the Open Science Framework. The personalized search strategy was applied to Embase, Pub Med, Scopus, and Science Direct databases and Google Scholar and ProQuest grey literature. The selection process was carried out in two stages independently by two reviewers according to the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was analyzed using a checklist of important parameters to be considered.

Results

When applying the search strategy on databases 223 articles were found, after removing the duplicates, 171 were analyzed by title and abstract of which 25 were selected for full reading, of these, 6 met the eligibility criteria. 2 studies were included from the reference list totaling 8 articles included in this systematic review and none were included from the Grey Literature. 7 had a low risk of bias and 1 moderate.

Conclusions

1) Roughness is a property that must be analyzed and correlated with the chemical composition, intrinsic to the alloy and resulting from the surface treatment; morphology of topographic peaks and valleys; printing technique and its parameters; 2) Need for more studies on the biomolecular level to elucidate the mechanism by which the roughness and the morphology of topographical peaks and valleys descriptive of roughness influence osteoblastic adhesion and proliferation.

Is there any association between sleep disorder and temporomandibular joint dysfunction in adults? - A systematic review

OBJECTIVE

To answer the question, "Is there any association between sleep disorder and temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) in adults?"

METHODS

This study followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. As eligibility criteria, observational studies that evaluated the association between sleep disorder and TMD were included. Exclusion criteria included a) studies that evaluated sleep quality and not the association of sleep disorders with TMD, b) experimental studies, book chapters, conference proceedings, and systematic reviews. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used to assess the risk of bias.

RESULTS

In the literature search, 3425 articles were found. After the exclusion of duplicates, 2752 were selected for reading the title and abstract, of which 26 were read in full, and 18 met eligibility criteria.

CONCLUSION

The association of sleep bruxism with TMD is controversial. While, for obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, snoring, and gastroesophageal reflux, the analyzed studies showed a positive association.

Influence of surface electric charge of Ti implants on osteoblastic interaction: A systematic review

Objective

A critical analysis of the existing literature to answer “What is the influence of electrical charge of titanium alloys in the electrical interaction with osteoblastic cells for osseointegration?”.

Design

This systematic review followed PRISMA. The personalized search strategy was applied in PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Scopus databases, furthermore, in the grey literature in the Google Scholar and ProQuest. The selection process was carried out in two stages independently by two reviewers according to the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was also analyzed.

Results

When applying the search strategy, 306 articles were found, after removing duplicates 277 were analyzed by title and abstract, of which 33 were selected for full reading, of which 10 met the eligibility criteria. And one was included from the additional literature search. Of these, all had a low risk of bias.

Conclusions

1. The phenomenon of osseointegration is complex and, independent of the superficial electrical charge of the implant, it may occur. To understand osseointegration, attention must be paid to the synergistic action of the electrical potential; chemical composition, intrinsic to the alloy and from surface treatment; and topography, which will determine the speed of adhesion, proliferation, and osteoblast differentiation. 2. The presence of Ca2+ deposited on the surface acts as a driving force for biomineralization that induces osteoblastic attraction and differentiation; 3. For a better understanding of the current literature, more studies are needed to describe the osteogenic regulation process through protein mediation; 4. Topography and chemical composition act as decisive parameters for cell viability independent of the attractive electrical charge.

Digital versus conventional workflow for the fabrication of physical casts for fixed prosthodontics: A systematic review of accuracy

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

A consensus on the accuracy of additively manufactured casts in comparison with those fabricated by using conventional techniques for fixed dental prostheses is lacking.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the accuracy of additively manufactured casts for tooth- or implant-supported fixed dental prostheses in comparison with that of gypsum casts.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CDR42020161006). Eight databases were searched in December 2019 and updated in September 2020. Studies evaluating the dimensional accuracy of additively manufactured casts for fixed dental prostheses in comparison with that of gypsum casts were included. An adapted checklist for reporting in vitro studies (Checklist for Reporting In vitro Studies guidelines) was used to assess the risk of bias.

RESULTS

Eight studies evaluating tooth-supported fixed dental prosthesis casts and 7 studies evaluating implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis casts were eligible for this review. Gypsum casts showed greater accuracy (trueness and precision) in most studies, although additively manufactured casts also yielded highly precise data. One study was associated with a low risk of bias, 9 with a moderate risk of bias, and 5 with a high risk of bias.

CONCLUSIONS

In vitro studies showed that additively manufactured casts and gypsum casts share similar accuracy within the acceptable range for the fabrication of casts. The quality of scanned data, additive manufacture technology, printing settings, and postprocessing procedures plays an essential role in the accuracy of additively manufactured casts. Clinical studies are required to confirm these findings.

Comparative analysis of corrosion resistance between beta titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloys: A systematic review

BACKGROUND

The knowledge of the electrochemical property (corrosion resistance) of beta titanium alloys compared to Ti-6Al-4 V for implants is relevant because of the potential cytotoxic effects that the released ions could cause to long-term health.

OBJECTIVES

The objective of this systematic review was to seek information on the electrochemical properties (corrosion resistance) of beta titanium alloys compared to Ti-6Al-4 V since the awareness of the electrochemical behavior of the implant surface in the medium is essential for the best indication of the alloys or compositional changes, which may promote benefits to bone-implant interaction in all areas that this procedure is required.

METHODS

The PubMed, LILACS, COCHRANE Library, and Science Direct databases were electronically searched for the terms: dental implants AND beta-titanium AND Ti-6Al-4 V AND electrochemical technics. The inclusion criteria were research articles that studied beta-titanium compared to Ti-6Al-4 V using electrochemical techniques in electrolytes of chemical composition similar to body fluid, published in English, between 2000 and 2020. Articles that did not compare the corrosion resistance of these alloys in electrolytes similar to body fluids were excluded.

RESULTS

A total of 189 articles were restored and selected by title and/or abstract according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which resulted in 15 articles that were reduced to 8 after read in full. The studies in vitro evaluated the corrosion resistance in electrolytes Hank, Ringer, SBF, and 0.9 % NaCl, between beta titanium alloys, obtained by arc fusion or bars stock, and Ti-6Al-4 V, for dental or biomedical implants submitted to surface treatments by heat treatment, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), alkaline treatment, and thermomechanical.

CONCLUSION

The evaluated literature allowed to determine that 1) The oxides Nb₂O ₅, Ta₂O _5, and ZrO₂ have higher stability and protection quality than that of TiO₂ modified by the oxides of Al and V; 2) A higher modulus of elasticity of the Ti-6Al-4 V alloy favors protection against corrosion by maintaining a thicker and more firmly adhered oxide layer; 3) The increase in the thickness of the Ti alloys superficial layer contributes to the improvement of the corrosion resistance.