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White RT, Bull MJ, Barker CR, Arnott JM, Wootton M, Jones LS, Howe RA, Morgan M, Ashcroft MM, Forde BM, Connor TR, Beatson SA. Genomic epidemiology reveals geographical clustering of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST131 associated with bacteraemia in Wales. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1371. [PMID: 38355632 PMCID: PMC10866875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a significant global public health concern. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli sequence type (ST)131, a widely prevalent multidrug-resistant clone, is frequently associated with bacteraemia. This study investigates third-generation cephalosporin resistance in bloodstream infections caused by E. coli ST131. From 2013-2014 blood culture surveillance in Wales, 142 E. coli ST131 genomes were studied alongside global data. All three major ST131 clades were represented across Wales, with clade C/H30 predominant (n = 102/142, 71.8%). Consistent with global findings, Welsh strains of clade C/H30 contain β-lactamase genes from the blaCTX-M-1 group (n = 65/102, 63.7%), which confer resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. Most Welsh clade C/H30 genomes belonged to sub-clade C2/H30Rx (58.3%). A Wales-specific sub-lineage, named GB-WLS.C2, diverged around 1996-2000. An introduction to North Wales around 2002 led to a localised cluster by 2009, depicting limited genomic diversity within North Wales. This investigation emphasises the value of genomic epidemiology, allowing the detection of genetically similar strains in local areas, enabling targeted and timely public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys T White
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Health Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, 5022, Porirua, New Zealand
| | - Matthew J Bull
- Microbiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
- Public Health Wales Microbiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XW, United Kingdom
| | - Clare R Barker
- Microbiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Julie M Arnott
- Healthcare Associated Infection, Antimicrobial Resistance & Prescribing Programme (HARP), Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 4BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mandy Wootton
- Public Health Wales Microbiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XW, United Kingdom
| | - Lim S Jones
- Public Health Wales Microbiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XW, United Kingdom
| | - Robin A Howe
- Public Health Wales Microbiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, CF14 4XW, United Kingdom
| | - Mari Morgan
- Healthcare Associated Infection, Antimicrobial Resistance & Prescribing Programme (HARP), Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 4BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Melinda M Ashcroft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian M Forde
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Thomas R Connor
- Microbiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom.
- Public Health Genomics Programme, Public Health Wales, 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 4BZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Scott A Beatson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Arnott JM, Sneyd N, Cross C, Russell M. COVID-19 surveillance robot: rapid innovation for public health pandemic management. Eur J Public Health 2021. [PMCID: PMC8574586 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
COVID-19 surveillance added a significant workload to the eight HSE-Departments of Public Health in Ireland. HSE-HPSC rapidly developed a fit-for-purpose robot to navigate the national infectious disease reporting system (CIDR) to automate three manual processes; laboratory records, notifications and contact-tracing data; which takes a surveillance scientist 26 minutes per case on average.
Methods
HSE-HPSC managed and delivered a multidisciplinary project team to develop the rapid solution. The robot was designed to operate the CIDR system using an agreed set of rules, developed through business process analyses of the ‘first wave', stakeholder engagement and technical collaboration. Development began in April 2020, and went live in August 2020 after phases of testing, piloting, and hyper-care.
Results
Successful integration: The robot aligned COVID-19 surveillance data across three national HSE information systems. Degree of automation: The robot processed greater than 80% of cases just like a human. The remaining 20% are flagged by the robot for data quality checks by the regional public health teams. Time-saving: The robot operates quicker than a human, 3.3minutes per case compared to 26minutes. Therefore for every 100 cases, the robot saves 38hours per day. Out-of-hours capacity: Robots currently operate for 22hours per day, resulting in overtime cost-savings for the HSE. Surge capacity: The automation was expanded to 42 robots for ‘third-wave' surge capacity. Sustainable change in surveillance system: Robots can be expanded for surveillance of other notifiable diseases.
Conclusions
The robot:
delivered a fit-for-purpose pandemic resource relieved the underfunded public health system of the administrative burden of COVID-19 surveillance delivered timely data for epidemiological reporting by the HSE-HPSC to the National Public Health Emergency Team.
Key messages
Through rapid collaboration, the robot successfully delivered a fit-for-purpose public health resource that aligned COVID-19 data across HSE information systems and achieved time/cost savings. The robot strengthened the public health surveillance response in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Arnott
- HSE, Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Sneyd
- HSE, Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Cross
- HSE, Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Russell
- HSE, Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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