Clinicopathologic and endoscopic characteristics of ten patients with gastric hamartomatous inverted polyp: a single center case series

BACKGROUND

Gastric hamartomatous inverted polyps (GHIPs) are not well characterized and remain diagnostically challenging due to rarity. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the clinicopathologic and endoscopic characteristics of patients with GHIP.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed clinicopathologic and endoscopic features of ten patients with GHIP who were admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital from March 2013 to July 2022. All patients were treated successfully by endoscopic resection.

RESULTS

GHIPs were usually asymptomatic and found incidentally during gastroscopic examination. They may be sessile or pedunculated, with diffuse or local surface redness or erosion. On endoscopic ultrasonography, the sessile submucosal tumor-type GHIP demonstrated a heterogeneous lesion with cystic areas in the third layer of the gastric wall. Histologically, GHIPs were characterized by a submucosal inverted proliferation of cystically dilated hyperplastic gastric glands accompanied by a branching proliferation of smooth muscle bundles. Inflammatory cells infiltration was observed in the stroma, whereas only one patient was complicated with glandular low-grade dysplasia. Assessment of the surrounding mucosa demonstrated that six patients (60%) had atrophic gastritis or Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, and four patients (40%) had non-specific gastritis. Endoscopic resection was safe and effective.

CONCLUSIONS

GHIPs often arise from the background of abnormal mucosa, such as atrophic or H.pylori-associated gastritis. We make the hypothesis that acquired inflammation might lead to the development of GHIPs. We recommend to make a full assessment of the background mucosa and H. pylori infection status for evaluation of underlying gastric mucosal abnormalities, which may be the preneoplastic condition of the stomach.

Association between micronutrients intake and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed to replace the term non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 2020. The association between micronutrients and MAFLD has not been reported. Therefore, this study aims to explore the association between micronutrients intake and MAFLD. This was a cross-section study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The dietary intake of copper, zinc, iron, and selenium was evaluated using the 24-h dietary recall interview. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between micronutrients and MAFLD, and the results were shown as odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 5976 participants were finally included for analysis, with 3437 participants in the MAFLD group. After adjusting potential confounders, copper intake at quartile Q3 (OR = 0⋅68, 95 % CI 0⋅50, 0⋅93) and Q4 (OR = 0⋅60, 95 % CI 0⋅45, 0⋅80) was found to be associated with lower odds of MAFLD. Iron intake at Q2 (OR = 0⋅64, 95 % CI 0⋅45, 0⋅92) and Q3 (OR = 0⋅61, 95 % CI 0⋅41, 0⋅91) was associated with the lower odds of MAFLD. Our findings found that high intake of copper and adequate intake of iron were associated with MAFLD, which may provide guidance for the management of MAFLD.

Polymorphisms of the cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) gene and their association with reproductive traits in Chinese goats

Polymorphisms of the CART gene were investigated by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis in 540 samples from 10 goat breeds. Ten novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms as well as three microsatellites were detected; a mutation, 77T → C, led to an amino acid change (Leu → Ser). Associations between polymorphic loci and reproductive traits were analyzed in Chuandong White, Guizhou White and Gulin Ma breeds. Mutation at position 524 had no significant effect on litter size in these three goat breeds. The polymorphism 539C → A differed significantly among the three breeds (P < 0.05); C(7)T(8)/C(9)T(8) at 939 was associated with larger litter size (P < 0.05) than genotypes C(7)T(8)/C(7)T(8) and C(7)T(8)/C(8)T(8). No significant association of birth weight was found with gene variation (524C → T, 539C → A and 939 CnTn). These findings could be valuable for marker-assisted selection for goat breeding.

Fibroblast growth factor receptors from liver vary in three structural domains

Changes in heparin-binding fibroblast growth factor gene expression and receptor phenotype occur during liver regeneration and in hepatoma cells. The nucleotide sequence of complementary DNA predicts that three amino-terminal domain motifs, two juxtamembrane motifs, and two intracellular carboxyl-terminal domain motifs combine to form a minimum of 6 and potentially 12 homologous polypeptides that constitute the growth factor receptor family in a single human liver cell population. Amino-terminal variants consisted of two transmembrane molecules that contained three and two immunoglobulin-like disulfide loops, as well as a potential intracellular form of the receptor. The two intracellular juxtamembrane motifs differed in a potential serine-threonine kinase phosphorylation site. One carboxyl-terminal motif was a putative tyrosine kinase that contained potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The second carboxyl-terminal motif was probably not a tyrosine kinase and did not exhibit the same candidate carboxyl-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation sites.

High and low affinity binding of heparin-binding growth factor to a 130-kDa receptor correlates with stimulation and inhibition of growth of a differentiated human hepatoma cell

The differentiated human hepatoblastoma-derived cell line, HepG2, displayed two classes of specific membrane receptors for heparin-binding growth factor type 1 (HBGF-1). Specific membrane receptors were distinguished from nonreceptor heparin-like binding sites. Receptors with an apparent Kd of 9.2 +/- 0.9 pM and present at 15,000 +/- 900/cell correlated with HBGF-1 stimulation of HepG2 growth. Receptors with an apparent Kd of 2 +/- 0.4 nM and present at 180,000 +/- 18,000/cell correlated with inhibition of growth and changes in secretory products. Other hepatoma cell lines exhibited a simple positive mitogenic response to HBGF-1 and a single class of high affinity binding sites. HBGF-1 covalently cross-linked to hepatoma cell surface polypeptides of apparent mean molecular mass of 130 kilodaltons. At 37 degrees C, receptor-bound HBGF-1 was internalized (t 1/2 = 45 min) but not degraded for up to 6 h. The display of receptors decreased with increased cell density and expression of HBGF-1 mRNA and HBGF-1-like activity in the culture medium. Proliferating normal human hepatocytes also exhibited two classes of binding sites with affinities for HBGF-1 and apparent molecular weight similar to HepG2 cells. These results implicate HBGF-1 or homologues in human hepatoma cell growth and normal liver cell regeneration.