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Niefind F, Mao Q, Nayir N, Kowalik M, Ahn JJ, Winchester AJ, Dong C, Maniyara RA, Robinson JA, van Duin ACT, Pookpanratana S. Watching (De)Intercalation of 2D Metals in Epitaxial Graphene: Insight into the Role of Defects. Small 2024; 20:e2306554. [PMID: 37919862 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Intercalation forms heterostructures, and over 25 elements and compounds are intercalated into graphene, but the mechanism for this process is not well understood. Here, the de-intercalation of 2D Ag and Ga metals sandwiched between bilayer graphene and SiC are followed using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) and atomistic-scale reactive molecular dynamics simulations. By PEEM, de-intercalation "windows" (or defects) are observed in both systems, but the processes follow distinctly different dynamics. Reversible de- and re-intercalation of Ag is observed through a circular defect where the intercalation velocity front is 0.5 nm s-1 ± 0.2 nm s.-1 In contrast, the de-intercalation of Ga is irreversible with faster kinetics that are influenced by the non-circular shape of the defect. Molecular dynamics simulations support these pronounced differences and complexities between the two Ag and Ga systems. In the de-intercalating Ga model, Ga atoms first pile up between graphene layers until ultimately moving to the graphene surface. The simulations, supported by density functional theory, indicate that the Ga atoms exhibit larger binding strength to graphene, which agrees with the faster and irreversible diffusion kinetics observed. Thus, both the thermophysical properties of the metal intercalant and its interaction with defective graphene play a key role in intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Niefind
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nadire Nayir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, 70000, Turkey
| | - Malgorzata Kowalik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jung-Joon Ahn
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Andrew J Winchester
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Institute for Soft Matter, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Chengye Dong
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Rinu A Maniyara
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Joshua A Robinson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Adri C T van Duin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sujitra Pookpanratana
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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Nablo BJ, Ahn JJ, Bhadriraju K, Lee JM, Reyes DR. Lens-Free Imaging as a Sensor for Dynamic Cell Viability Detection Using the Neutral Red Uptake Assay. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:10.1021/acsabm.0c01082. [PMID: 34151220 PMCID: PMC8209770 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutral red is a low-cost supravital stain for determining cell viability. The standard protocol relies on a destructive extraction process to release the accumulated dye for endpoint spectrophotometric quantification. We report a non-destructive, live-cell quantification of neutral red uptake using a compact lens-free system. Two light sources indentify the cell perimeter and quantify neutral red uptake. The quantification occurs during staining, thus eliminating the destructive extraction process and reducing assay time. Our system enables live quantification for continuous high-throughput screening of cell viability within confined spaces such as incubators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Nablo
- SOL Inc., H business Park, 26, Beobwon-ro 9-gil, SongPa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Ahn
- SOL Inc., H business Park, 26, Beobwon-ro 9-gil, SongPa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiran Bhadriraju
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Jong Muk Lee
- SOL Inc., H business Park, 26, Beobwon-ro 9-gil, SongPa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Darwin R. Reyes
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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Ahn JJ, Shnorhavorian M, Katz C, Goldin AB, Merguerian PA. Response to "Re. Early versus delayed closure of bladder exstrophy: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric analysis". J Pediatr Urol 2018; 14:307. [PMID: 29706290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Ahn
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - M Shnorhavorian
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Katz
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A B Goldin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P A Merguerian
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Ahn JJ, Shnorhavorian M, Katz C, Goldin AB, Merguerian PA. Early versus delayed closure of bladder exstrophy: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric analysis. J Pediatr Urol 2018; 14:27.e1-27.e5. [PMID: 29352663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delayed closure of bladder exstrophy has become more popular; however, there is limited the evidence of its success. Existing literature focuses on intermediate and long-term outcomes, and short-term postoperative outcomes are limited by the small number of cases and varying follow-up methods. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the current study were to: 1) compare 30-day complications after early and delayed closure of bladder exstrophy, and 2) evaluate practice patterns of bladder exstrophy closure. STUDY DESIGN The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric (NSQIPP) database from 2012 to 2015 was reviewed for all cases of bladder exstrophy closure. Early closure was defined as surgery at age 0-3 days, and delayed closure was defined as age 4-120 days at time of surgery. Demographic, clinical, and peri-operative characteristics were collected, as were postoperative complications, readmissions, and re-operations up to 30 days. Descriptive statistics were performed, and multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed for salient complications. RESULTS Of 128 patients undergoing bladder exstrophy closure, 62 were included for analysis, with 44 (71%) undergoing delayed closure. Mean anesthesia and operative times were greater in the delayed closure group, and were associated with more concurrent procedures, including inguinal hernia repairs and osteotomies. The delayed closure group had a higher proportion of 30-day complications, due to a high rate of blood transfusion (57% vs 11%). Wound dehiscence occurred in 6/44 (14%) delayed closures, as compared with 0/18 (0%) early closures. When compared with prior published reports of national data from 1999 to 2010, delayed closure was performed more frequently in this cohort (71% vs 27%). DISCUSSION The NSQIPP provides standardized reporting of peri-operative characteristics and 30-day complications, allowing a comparison of early to delayed closure of bladder exstrophy across multiple institutions. Assessing short-term risks in conjunction with long-term follow-up is crucial for determining optimal management of this rare but complex condition. CONCLUSION Delayed closure of bladder exstrophy is performed frequently, yet it carries a high rate of 30-day complications worthy of further investigation. This can be useful in counseling patients and families, and to understand practice patterns across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Ahn
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - M Shnorhavorian
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Katz
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A B Goldin
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P A Merguerian
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abstract
The commercial introduction of three dimensional integrated circuits (3D-ICs) has been hindered by reliability challenges, such as stress related failures, resistivity changes, and unexplained early failures. In this paper, we discuss a new RF-based metrology, based on dielectric spectroscopy, for detecting and characterizing electrically active defects in fully integrated 3D devices. These defects are traceable to the chemistry of the insolation dielectrics used in the through silicon via (TSV) construction. We show that these defects may be responsible for some of the unexplained early reliability failures observed in TSV enabled 3D devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Obeng
- Engineering Physics Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - C A Okoro
- Engineering Physics Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Jung-Joon Ahn
- Engineering Physics Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Lin You
- Engineering Physics Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Joseph J Kopanski
- Engineering Physics Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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Kang MS, Ahn JJ, Moon KS, Koo SM. Metal work-function-dependent barrier height of Ni contacts with metal-embedded nanoparticles to 4H-SiC. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:75. [PMID: 22244310 PMCID: PMC3285043 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metal, typically gold [Au], nanoparticles [NPs] embedded in a capping metal contact layer onto silicon carbide [SiC] are considered to have practical applications in changing the barrier height of the original contacts. Here, we demonstrate the use of silver [Ag] NPs to effectively lower the barrier height of the electrical contacts to 4H-SiC. It has been shown that the barrier height of the fabricated SiC diode structures (Ni with embedded Ag-NPs) has significantly reduced by 0.11 eV and 0.18 eV with respect to the samples with Au-NPs and the reference samples, respectively. The experimental results have also been compared with both an analytic model based on Tung's theory and physics-based two-dimensional numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seok Kang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-701, South Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-701, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sook Moon
- Department of Mathematics and Information, Kyungwon Campus, Gachon University, Seongnam, 461-701, South Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Koo
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-701, South Korea
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Kim KS, Shin MK, Ahn JJ, Haw CR, Park HK. A comparative study of hair shafts in scalp psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis using atomic force microscopy. Skin Res Technol 2012; 19:e60-4. [PMID: 22220807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the inflammatory scalp conditions share similar clinical manifestations of scaling, inflammation, and pruritus, the differential diagnosis of these lesions; especially between scalp psoriasis (SP) and seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is sometimes difficult. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the differences on the hair surface in SP and SD for a clinical diagnosis, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). METHODS The hair shafts of 14 patients and 28 patients with SP and SD respectively, were taken from the lesional region. Hairs from healthy adults not having any hair diseases were also examined in the same way for the controls. Surface characteristics of SP and SD-affected hair shafts such as, pitting, scale thickness, and roughness, were observed on the AFM images. RESULTS One hundred percentage and four percentage of the patients with SP and SD respectively had macropits on their hair shafts. In both the SP and SD-affected hairs, the scale thickness was more than 4-fold than that in the control hairs. The surface of SP-affected hairs was rougher than that of SD-affected and control hairs. CONCLUSION The differences in hair shafts between SP and SD were investigated noninvasively using AFM. The presence of macropits could be helpful in the differentiation between SP and SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Ahn JJ, Moon KS, Koo SM. Nano-structure fabrication of GaAs using AFM tip-induced local oxidation method: different doping types and plane orientations. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011; 6:550. [PMID: 21978373 PMCID: PMC3212088 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have fabricated nano-scaled oxide structures on GaAs substrates that are doped in different conductivity types of p- and n-types and plane orientations of GaAs(100) and GaAs(711), respectively, using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip-induced local oxidation method. The AFM-induced GaAs oxide patterns were obtained by varying applied bias from approximately 5 V to approximately 15 V and the tip loading forces from 60 to 180 nN. During the local oxidation, the humidity and the tip scan speed are fixed to approximately 45% and approximately 6.3 μm/s, respectively. The local oxidation rate is further improved in p-type GaAs compared to n-type GaAs substrates whereas the rate is enhanced in GaAs(100) compared to and GaAs(711), respectively, under the identical conditions. In addition, the oxide formation mechanisms in different doping types and plane orientations were investigated and compared with two-dimensional simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sook Moon
- Department of Mathematics and Information, Kyungwon University, Seongnam 461-701, South Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Koo
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, South Korea
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Ahn JJ, Jo YD, Kim SC, Lee JH, Koo SM. Crystallographic plane-orientation dependent atomic force microscopy-based local oxidation of silicon carbide. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011; 6:235. [PMID: 21711752 PMCID: PMC3211294 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of crystalline plane orientations of Silicon carbide (SiC) (a-, m-, and c-planes) on the local oxidation on 4H-SiC using atomic force microscopy (AFM) was investigated. It has been found that the AFM-based local oxidation (AFM-LO) rate on SiC is closely correlated to the atomic planar density values of different crystalline planes (a-plane, 7.45 cm-2; c-plane, 12.17 cm-2; and m-plane, 6.44 cm-2). Specifically, at room temperature and under about 40% humidity with a scan speed of 0.5 μm/s, the height of oxides on a- and m-planes 4H-SiC is 6.5 and 13 nm, respectively, whereas the height of oxides on the c-plane increased up to 30 nm. In addition, the results of AFM-LO with thermally grown oxides on the different plane orientations in SiC are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Joon Ahn
- School of Electronics and Information, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea
| | - Yeong-Deuk Jo
- School of Electronics and Information, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Kim
- Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Power Semiconductor Research Group, Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Power Semiconductor Research Group, Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Koo
- School of Electronics and Information, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea
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Park HM, Park MH, Kim YJ, Chun SH, Ahn JJ, Kim CI, Sung SH, Han WS, Kim SC. Mullerian adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth of the cervix presenting as cervical polyp: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2004; 14:1024-9. [PMID: 15361219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1048-891x.2004.014546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An aggressive variant of adenosarcoma, mullerian adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth (MASO) in the cervix is extremely rare. This variant contains obvious, high-grade sarcoma in addition to a low-grade form. In this report, we describe a case of MASO of the uterine cervix and review the clinical and pathological features of these tumors. The patient was a 37-year-old woman with a cervical polypoid mass, which was morphologically considered as a benign endocervical polyp. Microscopically, polypoid cervical mass showed diffuse and dense malignant spindle cell proliferation around the benign endocervical glands and also an area of markedly anaplastic and pleomorphic spindle cell proliferation, so called, sarcomatous overgrowth. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection were performed. The patient has been followed-up and neither chemotherapy nor other adjuvant therapies have been administered. At present, she has been clinically free of disease for 9 months since she received surgery. It is extremely rare that MASO of the uterine cervix is presented in premenopausal woman. Gynecologists and pathologists should be aware of the difficulties associated with a delay in the diagnosis of MASO when the tumor is present as a benign looking cervical polyp.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Women's University and Medical Research Center, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
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Chung HW, Wen Y, Ahn JJ, Moon HS, Polan ML. Interleukin-1beta regulates urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA), u-PA receptor, soluble u-PA receptor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in cultured human endometrial stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:1332-40. [PMID: 11238529 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.3.7335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) system plays an integral role in local intercellular interactions during implantation. In addition, the plasminogen activator system, especially urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and u-PA receptor (u-PAR), are crucial during embryo implantation. Decidualization and implantation are complex processes dependent upon several proteases, including u-PA, and IL-1 is known to affect PA activity in several cell types. We investigated the role of IL-1beta in regulating u-PA, PAI-1, u-PAR, and soluble u-PAR messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in cultured human endometrial stromal cells using quantitative competitive PCR. For confirmation of the mRNA data, we measured PAI-1 and u-PAR protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Confluent stromal cell cultures treated with progesterone and estradiol for 9 days were stimulated with IL-1beta, and IL-1beta plus IL-1beta antibody for an additional 24 h. Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, and coamplified using quantitative and competitive PCR with internal standards. IL-1beta increased PAI-1, u-PAR, and soluble u-PAR expression in a dose-dependent manner, and this result was reversed by anti-IL-1beta antibody treatment. u-PA mRNA expression was not dependent on IL-1beta. These results suggest that IL-1 may be important in regulating PAI-1 and u-PAR during stromal cell decidualization before implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5317, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory effects of anti-interleukin-1beta and transforming growth factor-beta2 on the production of interleukin-1beta and prostaglandin E2 by human decidual cells. STUDY DESIGN Decidual membranes were obtained from 30 patients between 37 and 40 weeks' gestation. Decidual cells were isolated and grown in culture. Incubations were conducted with lipopolysaccharide as a control, lipopolysaccharide plus anti-interleukin-1beta, and lipopolysaccharide plus transforming growth factor-beta2, respectively. Interleukin-1beta and prostaglandin E2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay. RESULTS At the end of a 24-hour culture with lipopolysaccharide plus anti-interleukin-1beta, anti-interleukin-1beta decreased the lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 production significantly at the concentrations of 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, and 500 ng/mL (P < .05) and also decreased the lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-1beta production significantly at the concentrations of 10 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, and 100 ng/mL (P < .05). In the medium containing lipopolysaccharide plus transforming growth factor-beta2, transforming growth factor-beta2 also decreased the lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 production significantly at the concentrations of 1 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL (P < .05) but increased the lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-1beta production significantly at the concentration of 1 ng/mL (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 production by human decidual cells in vitro may be prevented by anti-interleukin-1beta and transforming growth factor-beta2, and interleukin-1beta production may be prevented by anti-interleukin-1beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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