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Almeida WL, Ávila RT, Pérez-Molina JP, Barbosa ML, Marçal DMS, de Souza RPB, Martino PB, Cardoso AA, Martins SCV, DaMatta FM. The interplay between irrigation and fruiting on branch growth and mortality, gas exchange and water relations of coffee trees. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:35-49. [PMID: 32879972 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The overall coordination between gas exchanges and plant hydraulics may be affected by soil water availability and source-to-sink relationships. Here we evaluated how branch growth and mortality, leaf gas exchange and metabolism are affected in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) trees by drought and fruiting. Field-grown plants were irrigated or not, and maintained with full or no fruit load. Under mild water deficit, irrigation per se did not significantly impact growth but markedly reduced branch mortality in fruiting trees, despite similar leaf assimilate pools and water status. Fruiting increased net photosynthetic rate in parallel with an enhanced stomatal conductance, particularly in irrigated plants. Mesophyll conductance and maximum RuBisCO carboxylation rate remained unchanged across treatments. The increased stomatal conductance in fruiting trees over nonfruiting ones was unrelated to internal CO2 concentration, foliar abscisic acid (ABA) levels or differential ABA sensitivity. However, stomatal conductance was associated with higher stomatal density, lower stomatal sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit, and higher leaf hydraulic conductance and capacitance. Increased leaf transpiration rate in fruiting trees was supported by coordinated alterations in plant hydraulics, which explained the maintenance of plant water status. Finally, by preventing branch mortality, irrigation can mitigate biennial production fluctuations and improve the sustainability of coffee plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington L Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Ávila
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Junior P Pérez-Molina
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional y Ecosistemas Tropicales, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, Avenida 1, Calle 9, Heredia 863000, Costa Rica
| | - Marcela L Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Dinorah M S Marçal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Raylla P B de Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro B Martino
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda A Cardoso
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio M DaMatta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
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Dos Santos MS, Sanglard LMVP, Barbosa ML, Namorato FA, de Melo DC, Franco WCG, Pérez-Molina JP, Martins SCV, DaMatta FM. Silicon nutrition mitigates the negative impacts of iron toxicity on rice photosynthesis and grain yield. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 189:110008. [PMID: 31796254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Excess iron (Fe) is commonly observed in wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, impairing crop growth and productivity. Some information suggests that silicon (Si) can reduce Fe content in leaves and roots of rice (vegetative phase), but nothing is known if Si could mitigate the effects of Fe toxicity on rice production and photosynthesis. Here, we assessed the role of Si in alleviating the well-known effects of Fe toxicity on nutritional imbalances, biomass accumulation, photosynthesis and grain yield using two rice cultivars having differential abilities to tolerate excess Fe. Plants were hydroponically grown under two Fe levels (25 μM or 5 mM) and the nutrient solutions were amended with Si (0 or 2 mM). Under excess Fe were detected (i) nutritional deficiencies, especially of calcium and magnesium in leaves; (ii) negligible changes in grain nutritional composition, independently of Si application; (iii) decreases in net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance and electron transport rate, in parallel to decreased grain yield components (total grain biomass, 1000-grain mass, percentage of filled grains, number of grains per plant and harvest index), especially in the Fe-sensitive cultivar. These impairments were partially reversed by the application of Si. Results also suggest that Si alleviated the negative impacts of Fe on spikelet sterility. In summary, we conclude that the use of Si can be recommended as an effective management strategy to reduce the negative impacts of Fe toxicity on rice photosynthetic performance and crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martielly S Dos Santos
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado Km, 16, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Lílian M V P Sanglard
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Marcela L Barbosa
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Filipe A Namorato
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Danilo C de Melo
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - William C G Franco
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Junior P Pérez-Molina
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas- Universidad Nacional Costa Rica, 863000, Costa Rica
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio M DaMatta
- Departamento Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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