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Wiland-Szymańska J, Kazimierczak-Grygiel E, Drapikowski P, Borowiak K, Drapikowska M. Does a gender of Welwitschia mirabilis plants influence their photosynthetic activity? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291122. [PMID: 37682874 PMCID: PMC10490862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Welwitschia mirabilis Hook.f. (Welwitschiaceae, Gnetales) is a gymnosperm plant unique in its habit with an isolated taxonomic position. This species is dioecious, but no studies of its photosynthetic activity were conducted with examination of differences among male and female plants. To fill this gap, the day and night photosynthetic activity of male and female specimens of Welwitschia mirabilis cultivated in the botanical garden was studied in controlled conditions. Photosynthetic activity was studied using net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) parameters. Additionally, a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to assess the condition among male and female plants in full sunlight. The studied Welwitschia plants revealed variability in photosynthetic activity both during the day and the night. The photosynthetic activity was low in the morning hours and higher in the afternoon. There is a difference in the photosynthetic activity during the night between sexes, being higher in female specimens. Stomatal density was evaluated separately for adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Statistically significant differences in the stomatal density on abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces were observed in both sexes, especially distinctive in female specimens. NDVI has revealed that there were weak differences between male and female plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Wiland-Szymańska
- Department of Systematic and Environmental Botany, The Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Drapikowski
- Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Klaudia Borowiak
- The Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Drapikowska
- The Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Fišer Ž, Aronne G, Aavik T, Akin M, Alizoti P, Aravanopoulos F, Bacchetta G, Balant M, Ballian D, Barazani O, Bellia AF, Bernhardt N, Bou Dagher Kharrat M, Bugeja Douglas A, Burkart M, Ćalić D, Carapeto A, Carlsen T, Castro S, Colling G, Cursach J, Cvetanoska S, Cvetkoska C, Ćušterevska R, Daco L, Danova K, Dervishi A, Djukanović G, Dragićević S, Ensslin A, Evju M, Fenu G, Francisco A, Gallego PP, Galloni M, Ganea A, Gemeinholzer B, Glasnović P, Godefroid S, Goul Thomsen M, Halassy M, Helm A, Hyvärinen M, Joshi J, Kazić A, Kiehn M, Klisz M, Kool A, Koprowski M, Kövendi-Jakó A, Kříž K, Kropf M, Kull T, Lanfranco S, Lazarević P, Lazarević M, Lebel Vine M, Liepina L, Loureiro J, Lukminė D, Machon N, Meade C, Metzing D, Milanović Đ, Navarro L, Orlović S, Panis B, Pankova H, Parpan T, Pašek O, Peci D, Petanidou T, Plenk K, Puchałka R, Radosavljević I, Rankou H, Rašomavičius V, Romanciuc G, Ruotsalainen A, Šajna N, Salaj T, Sánchez-Romero C, Sarginci M, Schäfer D, Seberg O, Sharrock S, Šibík J, Šibíková M, Skarpaas O, Stanković Neđić M, Stojnic S, Surina B, Szitár K, Teofilovski A, Thoroddsen R, Tsvetkov I, Uogintas D, Van Meerbeek K, van Rooijen N, Vassiliou L, Verbylaitė R, Vergeer P, Vít P, Walczak M, Widmer A, Wiland-Szymańska J, Zdunić G, Zippel E. ConservePlants: An integrated approach to conservation of threatened plants for the 21st Century. RIO 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.7.e62810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though plants represent an essential part of our lives offering exploitational, supporting and cultural services, we know very little about the biology of the rarest and most threatened plant species, and even less about their conservation status. Rapid changes in the environment and climate, today more pronounced than ever, affect their fitness and distribution causing rapid species declines, sometimes even before they had been discovered. Despite the high goals set by conservationists to protect native plants from further degradation and extinction, the initiatives for the conservation of threatened species in Europe are scattered and have not yielded the desired results. The main aim of this Action is to improve plant conservation in Europe through the establishment of a network of scientists and other stakeholders who deal with different aspects of plant conservation, from plant taxonomy, ecology, conservation genetics, conservation physiology and reproductive biology to protected area's managers, not forgetting social scientists, who are crucial when dealing with the general public.
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Klimko M, Nowińska R, Wilkin P, Wiland-Szymańska J. Pollen Morphology of Some Species of the Genus Sansevieria Petagna (Asparagaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/abcsb-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPollen grains of 15 species of the genus Sansevieria were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains were single, but dyads were also found. The basic shape of the pollen grains (with chemical treatment) was subprolate, prolate and prolate-spheroidal and the pollen grains were large (> 50 mm). The pollen grains observed in SEM were prolate-spheroidal, subprolate, prolate and perprolate. The aperture occupied nearly the entire distal hemisphere. The surface of non-apertural areas was microreticulate, psilate-perforate, fossulate and verrucate. The surface of the apertural area was psilate-perforate-verrucate, microreticulate-verrucategemmate and psilate-perforate. The tectum was homogeneous, with perforations. Our results suggest that some species cannot be separated based on pollen grain morphology, but only may be categorized into their groups. The present study investigated pollen grain morphology in eleven species for the first time in terms of pollen micromorphology and provided some important new data.
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Drapikowski P, Kazimierczak-Grygiel E, Korecki D, Wiland-Szymańska J. Verification of Geometric Model-Based Plant Phenotyping Methods for Studies of Xerophytic Plants. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:s16070924. [PMID: 27355949 PMCID: PMC4969998 DOI: 10.3390/s16070924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of verification of certain non-contact measurement methods of plant scanning to estimate morphological parameters such as length, width, area, volume of leaves and/or stems on the basis of computer models. The best results in reproducing the shape of scanned objects up to 50 cm in height were obtained with the structured-light DAVID Laserscanner. The optimal triangle mesh resolution for scanned surfaces was determined with the measurement error taken into account. The research suggests that measuring morphological parameters from computer models can supplement or even replace phenotyping with classic methods. Calculating precise values of area and volume makes determination of the S/V (surface/volume) ratio for cacti and other succulents possible, whereas for classic methods the result is an approximation only. In addition, the possibility of scanning and measuring plant species which differ in morphology was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Drapikowski
- Institute of Control and Information Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3a, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Dominik Korecki
- Institute of Control and Information Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3a, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Justyna Wiland-Szymańska
- Botanical Garden, Adam Mickiewicz University, Dąbrowskiego 165, 60-594 Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Plant Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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Kluza-Wieloch M, Maciejewska-Rutkowska I, Wójtowicz W, Wiland-Szymańska J. Pollen morphology of rare species of Linum L. (Linaceae) from Poland. Biodiversity Research and Conservation 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biorc-2015-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to describe pollen morphology and its variability of four Linum species: L. perenne subsp. extraaxillare, L. hirsutum, L. flavum and L. austriacum, all derived from Poland, but occurring in few natural sites within the country. Light and scanning electron microscopy was used and statistical analyses of quantitative pollen traits were performed. All taxa shared pollen grains which were 3-zonocolpate, isopolar, radiosymmetric, spheroidal and medium to large in size. Grains were semitectate, with the sculptural elements of the exine as gemmae or clavae. Additionally, upper parts of gemmae and clavae had a microstriate pattern. Despite great similarity among the investigated Linum species in pollen morphology, distinguishing features were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kluza-Wieloch
- Department of Botany, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-325, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Wanda Wójtowicz
- Botanical Garden, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Dąbrowskiego 165, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Wiland-Szymańska
- Botanical Garden, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Dąbrowskiego 165, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Plant Taxonomy, Botanical Garden, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Dąbrowskiego 165, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
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