1
|
Buvanesvaragurunathan K, Ganesh J, Nagul Kumar S, Porchezhiyan V, Radha A, Azhahianambi P, Pandikumar P, Ignacimuthu S. In vitro growth inhibitory effect of selected 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid esters on Theileriaannulata. Exp Parasitol 2022; 236-237:108258. [PMID: 35421387 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is one of the important Pentacyclic Triterpenoids (PT) found in the roots of licorice. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro growth inhibitory effect of 18β-GA (18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid) and C-30 esters against Theileria annulata, the causative agent of Tropical Bovine Theileriosis. C-30 esters of 18β-GA were synthesized and their structures were elucidated using spectroscopy. The pharmacodynamic properties of 18β-GA and its C-30 esters were predicted using DataWarrior and Swiss ADME tools. Cattle isolates of T. annulata schizont-infected bovine lymphoblastoid cells were cultured using standard conditions and the growth inhibitory effect of GA and its esters were evaluated using MTT assay. The isopropyl ester of 18β-GA (GI50- 1.638 μM; R2- 0.818) showed improved anti-theileriosis efficacy than other 18β-GA derivatives. The propyl (GI50 - 5.549 μM), ethyl (GI50 - 5.638 μM), and benzyl (GI50 - 7.431 μM) esters also showed considerable inhibitory effect. The GI50 value for 18β-GA was recorded as 6.829 μM. This study throws light on the usefulness of 18β-GA and its esters for the treatment of Tropical Bovine Theileriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Buvanesvaragurunathan
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Broadway Road, George Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India
| | - J Ganesh
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 051, India
| | - S Nagul Kumar
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Broadway Road, George Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India
| | - V Porchezhiyan
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Broadway Road, George Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India
| | - A Radha
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Bharathi Women's College, Broadway Road, George Town, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600108, India
| | - P Azhahianambi
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 051, India.
| | - P Pandikumar
- Xavier Research Foundation, St Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, 627 002, India.
| | - S Ignacimuthu
- Xavier Research Foundation, St Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, 627 002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Esakkimuthu S, Nagulkumar S, Darvin SS, Buvanesvaragurunathan K, Sathya TN, Navaneethakrishnan KR, Kumaravel TS, Murugan SS, Shirota O, Balakrishna K, Pandikumar P, Ignacimuthu S. Antihyperlipidemic effect of iridoid glycoside deacetylasperulosidic acid isolated from the seeds of Spermacoce hispida L. - A traditional antiobesity herb. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 245:112170. [PMID: 31434002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE The interest on herbal health supplements for obesity is increasing globally. Our previous ethnobotanical survey in Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India indicated the use of Spermacoce hispida L. seeds for the treatment of obesity. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to validate the traditional claim and to identify the antihyperlipidemic principle in the seeds of Spermacoce hispida using bioassay guided fractionation method. METHODS Bioassay monitored fractionation of the aqueous extract from Spermacoce hispida seeds was carried out using triton WR 1339 induced hyperlipidemic animals. It yielded deacetylasperulosidic acid (DAA) as the active ingredient. Pharmacokinetic properties of DAA were predicted using DataWarrior and SwissADME tools. In vitro antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic effects of DAA were evaluated in 3T3L1 preadipocytes and HepG2 cells, respectively. The chronic antihyperlipidemic efficacy of DAA was evaluated in high fat diet fed rats. RESULTS DAA did not show any mutagenic and tumorigenic properties. It bound with PPARα with comparable ligand efficiency as fenofibrate. The treatment with DAA significantly lowered the proliferation of matured adipocytes, but not preadipocytes. The treatment of steatotic HepG2 cells with DAA significantly decreased the LDH leakage by 43.03% (P < 0.05) at 50 μM concentration. In triton WR 1339 induced hyperlipidemic animals, the treatment with 50 mg/kg dose significantly lowered the TC, TG and LDL-c levels by 40.27, 46.00 and 63.65% respectively. In HFD fed animals, the treatment at 10 mg/kg decreased BMI and AC/TC ratio without altering SRBG. It also improved serum lipid, transaminases and phosphatases levels of HFD fed animals. The treatment lowered adipocyte hypertrophy and steatosis of hepatocytes. CONCLUSION This preliminary report supported the traditional use of Spermacoce hispida for the treatment of obesity. Further detailed investigations on the long term safety, efficacy and molecular mode of action of Spermacoce hispida and DAA will throw more light on their usefulness for the management of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Esakkimuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600034, India
| | - S Nagulkumar
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600034, India
| | - S Sylvester Darvin
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600034, India
| | - K Buvanesvaragurunathan
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600034, India
| | - T N Sathya
- GLR Laboratories Private Limited, Mathur, Chennai, 600068, India
| | | | - T S Kumaravel
- GLR Laboratories Private Limited, Mathur, Chennai, 600068, India
| | - S S Murugan
- GLR Laboratories Private Limited, Mathur, Chennai, 600068, India
| | - Osamu Shirota
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, 769-2193, Japan.
| | - K Balakrishna
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600034, India.
| | - P Pandikumar
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600034, India.
| | - S Ignacimuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600034, India; St. Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier's College, High Ground Road, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Toppo E, Sylvester Darvin S, Esakkimuthu S, Buvanesvaragurunathan K, Ajeesh Krishna T, Antony Caesar S, Stalin A, Balakrishna K, Pandikumar P, Ignacimuthu S, Al-Dhabi N. Curative effect of arjunolic acid from Terminalia arjuna in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease models. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:979-988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|