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N'Dah KJ, Tia WM, Lagou DA, Guei MC, Abouna AD, Touré I, Oka KH, Kobenan A, Diopo S, Delma S, Cherif I, Amékoudi E, Ouattara BS, Yao KH, Ackoundou NC, Adonis KL, Yao GV, Gnionsahié DA, Diomandé M. Kidney biopsy in subsaharan Africa. Nephrol Ther 2023; 19:99-108. [PMID: 37098711 DOI: 10.1684/ndt.2023.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney biopsy (KB) is a significant advance in the management of nephropathies. In sub-Saharan Africa, few studies have been carried out. The objective of our study was to evaluate the indication, to determine the epidemiological and histological characteristics of the nephropathies diagnosed in sub-Saharan Africa. Materials and methods We carried out a retrospective and descriptive study on biopsies examined between January 2015 and December 2019, in the pathological departments of University Teaching Hospital of Bouaké and Cocody-Abidjan. The KB came from four countries (Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, Guinea-Conakry and Burkina Faso). Optical microscopy and/or direct immunofluorescence techniques were used. All biopsy samples including epidemiological, clinical and pathological data and an optical microscopy and/or direct immunofluorescence study were included. The parameters studied were indications for KB, epidemiological profile, clinic, proteinuria and pathological aspects. Results Over the study period, we collected 179 KB, i.e. 35.8 KB/year. The mean age of the patients was 32.9 ±13.8 years (range 11-70 years). The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.03. Pure nephrotic syndrome was the main indication (64.2 %, n = 115) for KB, followed by impure nephrotic syndrome (11.7 %, n = 21), acute renal failure (ARF) (7.8 %, n = 14) and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) (7.8 %, n = 14). Glomerulonephritis (GN) occurred in 86 % (n = 158), vascular nephropathy in 11.7 % (n = 21) and tubulointerstitial nephritis in 2.2 % (n = 4). The nephropathies were preferentially focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (34.6 %, n = 62), nephroangiosclerosis (10.6 %, n = 19), membranous GN (10 %, n = 18), post-infectious GN (8.9 %, n = 16) and lupus GN (7.3 %, n = 13). Conclusion The KB is an essential step in the diagnosis of nephropathies. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is frequent in our study. The establishment of a Kidney registry would allow better knowledge of renal pathologies in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J N'Dah
- CHU de Bouaké, service d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - W M Tia
- CHU de Bouaké, service de néphrologie, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - D A Lagou
- CHU de Yopougon, service de néphrologie, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - M C Guei
- CHU de Yopougon, service de néphrologie, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - A D Abouna
- CHU de Cocody, service d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - I Touré
- CHU de Bouaké, service d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - K H Oka
- CHU de Bouaké, service d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Aar Kobenan
- CHU de Bouaké, service d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - S Diopo
- CHU de Treichville, service de néphrologie, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - S Delma
- CHU Blaise Compaoré, service de néphrologie, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - I Cherif
- CHU Donka, service de néphrologie, Conakry, Guinée
| | - E Amékoudi
- CHU Sylvanus Olympio, service de néphrologie, Lomé, Togo
| | - B S Ouattara
- CHU de Cocody, service d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - K H Yao
- CHU de Treichville, service de néphrologie, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - N C Ackoundou
- CHU de Yopougon, service de néphrologie, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - K L Adonis
- CHU de Yopougon, service de néphropédiatrie, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - G V Yao
- CHU de Bouaké, service d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - D A Gnionsahié
- CHU de Bouaké, service de néphrologie, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Mijm Diomandé
- CHU de Cocody, service d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
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Abstract
Abstract
We describe a simple, economical procedure for rapidly detecting acetaminophen in serum or plasma. The method is based upon the reduction by the drug of ferric 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine, at an acidic pH, to ferrous 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine complex, which absorbs maximally at 593 nm. Absorbance and acetaminophen concentration are linearly related from 25 to 400 mg/L, and so therapeutic and toxic concentrations can be measured. The method is accurate; day-to-day CV's for two pooled control specimens (103 and 227 mg/L) were 4.4 and 6.6%. Correlation studies, with an established nitration method and with the free-radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl dye method, showed correlation coefficients of 0.985 and 0.915, respectively. Of 25 commonly used drugs tested, only levodopa, oxyphenylbutazone, and phenylephrine interfere significantly. Interference from salicylate, salicylamide, and phenylbutazone was insignificant.
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Liu TZ, Oka KH. Spectrophotometric screening method for acetaminophen in serum and plasma. Clin Chem 1980; 26:69-71. [PMID: 7356576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple, economical procedure for rapidly detecting acetaminophen in serum or plasma. The method is based upon the reduction by the drug of ferric 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine, at an acidic pH, to ferrous 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine complex, which absorbs maximally at 593 nm. Absorbance and acetaminophen concentration are linearly related from 25 to 400 mg/L, and so therapeutic and toxic concentrations can be measured. The method is accurate; day-to-day CV's for two pooled control specimens (103 and 227 mg/L) were 4.4 and 6.6%. Correlation studies, with an established nitration method and with the free-radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl dye method, showed correlation coefficients of 0.985 and 0.915, respectively. Of 25 commonly used drugs tested, only levodopa, oxyphenylbutazone, and phenylephrine interfere significantly. Interference from salicylate, salicylamide, and phenylbutazone was insignificant.
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Liu TZ, Oka KH. Spectrophotometric screening method for acetaminophen in serum and plasma. Clin Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/26.1.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We describe a simple, economical procedure for rapidly detecting acetaminophen in serum or plasma. The method is based upon the reduction by the drug of ferric 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine, at an acidic pH, to ferrous 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine complex, which absorbs maximally at 593 nm. Absorbance and acetaminophen concentration are linearly related from 25 to 400 mg/L, and so therapeutic and toxic concentrations can be measured. The method is accurate; day-to-day CV's for two pooled control specimens (103 and 227 mg/L) were 4.4 and 6.6%. Correlation studies, with an established nitration method and with the free-radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl dye method, showed correlation coefficients of 0.985 and 0.915, respectively. Of 25 commonly used drugs tested, only levodopa, oxyphenylbutazone, and phenylephrine interfere significantly. Interference from salicylate, salicylamide, and phenylbutazone was insignificant.
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