Phyo KH, Oo MM, Harries AD, Saw S, Aung TK, Moe J, Thuya SS, Mon YY, Min AC, Naing NN, Kyi MS, Aung ST, Oo HN. High prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis in people living with the HIV in Mandalay, Myanmar, 2011-2017.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020;
23:349-357. [PMID:
30871667 DOI:
10.5588/ijtld.18.0436]
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Abstract
SETTING
Two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics providing antiretroviral therapy (ART), Mandalay, Myanmar.
OBJECTIVE
To assess prevalent TB at enrolment, incident TB during follow-up and associated risk factors in adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) between 2011 and 2017.
DESIGN
Cohort study using secondary data.
RESULTS
Of 11 777 PLHIV, 2911 (25%) had prevalent TB at or within 6 weeks of enrolment. Independent risk factors for prevalent TB were being male or single/widowed, daily alcohol consumption, CD4 count 200 cells/μl and anaemia. During 6 years follow-up in 8866 PLHIV with no prevalent TB, the rate of new TB was 2.9 per 100 person-years (95%CI 2.6-3.1). Cumulative TB incidence was 9.6%, with 370 (72%) of 517 new TB cases occurring in the first year. Independent risk factors for incident TB were being male and anaemia. Incident TB was highest in the first year of ART, in PLHIV with CD4 counts 200 cells/μl and those not receiving isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). Incident TB declined with time on ART and rising CD4 counts.
CONCLUSION
Prevalent and incident TB were high in PLHIV in the Mandalay clinics. Consideration should be given to earlier TB diagnosis using more sensitive diagnostic tools, effective ART and scaling up IPT.
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