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Moi S, Shekh S, Reddy KKA, Dhurjad P, Sonti R, Gowd KH. Peptide Cysteine Thiols Act as Photostabilizer of Avobenzone through Stabilising the Transition State of Keto-enol Tautomerization. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:911-919. [PMID: 35975619 DOI: 10.1111/php.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photostabilizers have been used to impart stability to an FDA-approved chemical UV-A filter avobenzone against the UV-A radiations and sunlight. The thiol group of glutathione plays a critical role in imparting the photostabilization activity of glutathione on avobenzone. The current report aims to evaluate the photostabilization activity of multiple thiols containing cysteine peptides on avobenzone. Cysteine-tripeptide and cysteine-pentapeptide were chemically synthesized and characterized using mass spectrometry. Synthetic peptides were assessed for their photostabilization activity on the enolic-form of the avobenzone under natural sunlight using UV-spectroscopy in both protic and aprotic solvents. Unlike glutathione which has pronounced activity in protic solvents, cysteine-pentapeptide exhibits similar photoprotection activity in both protic and aprotic solvents. Computational calculations using DFT suggest that peptide cysteine thiols may assist in the reversal of the photoketonization process of avobenzone thereby exhibiting the photoprotection activity to the enolic-form of avobenzone. Peptide cysteine thiols lower the activation energy barrier of keto-to-enol tautomerization of avobenzone by 30 kcal/mol by assisting the proton shuttle through a six-membered transition state. The current report emphasizes the applications of peptide thiols in cosmetics and may help in the development of peptides as aesthetic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Moi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - Shamasoddin Shekh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - K Kasi Amarnath Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja Dhurjad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Konkallu Hanumae Gowd
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, 585367, Karnataka, India
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Dolle A, Vijayasarathy M, Shekh S, Hunashal Y, Reddy KKA, Prakash S, Rana A, Biswal HS, Raghothama S, Gowd KH. The Redox-Active Conopeptide Derived from the Venom Duct Transcriptome of Conus lividus Assists in the Oxidative Folding of Conotoxin. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1299-1311. [PMID: 33829763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tetrapeptides Li504 and Li520, differing in the modification of the 4-trans-hydroxylation of proline, are novel conopeptides derived from the venom duct transcriptome of the marine cone snail Conus lividus. These predicted mature peptides are homologous to the active site motif of oxidoreductases that catalyze the oxidation, reduction, and rearrangement of disulfide bonds in peptides and proteins. The estimated reduction potential of the disulfide of Li504 and Li520 is within the range of disulfide reduction potentials of oxidoreductases, indicating that they may catalyze the oxidative folding of conotoxins. Conformational features of Li504 and Li520 include the trans configuration of the Cys1-Pro2/Hyp2 peptide bond with a type 1 turn that is similar to the active site motif of glutaredoxin that regulates the oxidation of cysteine thiols to disulfides. Li504- and Li520-assisted oxidative folding of α-conotoxin ImI confirms that Li520 improves the yield of the natively folded peptide by concomitantly decreasing the yield of the non-native disulfide isomer and thus acts as a miniature disulfide isomerase. The geometry of the Cys1-Hyp2 peptide bond of Li520 shifts between the trans and cis configurations in the disulfide form and thiol/thiolate form, which regulates the deprotonation of the N-terminal cysteine residue. Hydrogen bonding of the hydroxyl group of 4-trans-hydroxyproline with the interpeptide chain unit in the mixed disulfide form may play a vital role in shifting the geometry of the Cys1-Hyp2 peptide bond from cis to trans configuration. The Li520 conopeptide together with similar peptides derived from other species may constitute a new family of "redox-active" conopeptides that are integral components of the oxidative folding machinery of conotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi 585367, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shamasoddin Shekh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - Yamanappa Hunashal
- NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - K Kasi Amarnath Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunita Prakash
- Proteomic Facility, Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhijit Rana
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Himansu S Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | | | - Konkallu Hanumae Gowd
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi 585367, Karnataka, India
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Reddy KKA, Jayashree M, Govindu PCV, Gowd KH. Ligand-induced transition in conformations of vicinal cysteine disulfides in proteins. Proteins 2020; 89:599-613. [PMID: 33378101 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vicinal cysteine disulfides are thought to be associated with specific conformations of cysteine disulfides due to the restricted rotation of single bonds in an eight-membered cyclic disulfide loop. Conformations of vicinal cysteine disulfides are analyzed using χ1 , χ2 , χ3 , χ2 ', χ1 ' torsion angles in the crystal structures of proteins retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB). 85% of vicinal disulfides have (+, -)LHStaple conformation with trans configuration of the peptide bond and 9% have (-, -)RHStaple conformation with cis configured peptide bond. Conformational analysis of dipeptide Cys-Cys vicinal disulfide by density functional theory (DFT) further supported (+, -)LHStaple, (-, -)RHStaple, and (+, +)RHStaple as the preferred conformations of vicinal disulfides. Interestingly, the rare conformations of vicinal disulfides are observed in the ligand-bound forms of proteins and have higher disulfide strain energy. Conformations of vicinal disulfides in palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1, AChBP, and α7 nicotinic receptor are changed from preferred (+, -)LHStaple to rare (+, -)AntiLHHook/(+, -)AntiRHHook/(+, +)RHStaple conformation due to binding of ligands. Surprisingly, ligands are proximal to the vicinal disulfides in protein complexes that exhibited rare conformations of vicinal disulfides. The report has identified (+, -) LHStaple/(-, -) RHStaple as the hallmark conformations of vicinal disulfides and unraveled ligand-induced transition in conformations of vicinal cysteine disulfides in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kasi Amarnath Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Muddagoni Jayashree
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Panchada Ch V Govindu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Konkallu Hanumae Gowd
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic caused due to new coronavirus infection with 3716075 deaths across the world as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) plays a vital role in the replication of coronavirus and thus an attractive target for the screening of inhibitors for the therapy of COVID-19. The preclinical drugs ebselen and PX-12 are potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and covalently modifies the active site Cys-145 residue of Mpro through selenosulfide/disulfide. In the current report, using virtual screening methods, reactive sulfur species allicin is subjecting for covalent docking at the active site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro using PX-12 as a benchmark reference compound. The results indicate that allicin induces dual S-thioallylation of Cys-145 and Cys-85/ Cys-156 residues of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Using density functional theory (DFT), Gibbs free energy change (DG) is calculated for the putative reactions between N-acetylcysteine amide thiol and allicin/allyl sulfenic acid. The overall reaction is exergonic and allyl disulfide of Cys-145 residue of Mpro is involved in a sulfur mediated hydrogen bond. The results indicate that allicin causes dual S-thioallylation of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro which may be of interest for treatment and attenuation of ongoing coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamasoddin Shekh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - K. Kasi Amarnath Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Konkallu Hanumae Gowd
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
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Amarnath Reddy KK, Moi S, Dolle A, Hosamani B, Krishnamurthy K, Prakash S, Raghothama S, Gowd KH. Synthesis of Peptide Cysteine Dimedone Using Fmoc‐Cys(Dmd)‐OH: Glutathione Cysteine Dimedone as a Probe in Investigating the Sulfenic Acid Mediated Oxidation of Glutathione. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kasi Amarnath Reddy
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemical SciencesCentral University of Karnataka Kalaburagi 585367 Karnataka India
| | - Smriti Moi
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemical SciencesCentral University of Karnataka Kalaburagi 585367 Karnataka India
| | - Ashwini Dolle
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemical SciencesCentral University of Karnataka Kalaburagi 585367 Karnataka India
| | - Basavaprabhu Hosamani
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemical SciencesCentral University of Karnataka Kalaburagi 585367 Karnataka India
| | - Kiran Krishnamurthy
- NMR Research CentreIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | - Sunita Prakash
- Proteomic facilityMolecular Biophysics UnitIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | | | - Konkallu Hanumae Gowd
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemical SciencesCentral University of Karnataka Kalaburagi 585367 Karnataka India
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Dolle A, Reddy KKA, Gunaga SS, Krishnamurthy K, Senapati DK, Rana A, Sindogi K, Biswal HS, Raghothama S, Gowd KH. Characterization of (Boc-Cys/Sec-NHMe) 2 and (Boc-Cys/Sec-OMe) 2 : Evidence of local conformational difference between disulfide and diselenide. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3245. [PMID: 32103604 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Conformations of disulfide and diselenide were compared in (Boc-Cys/Sec-NHMe)2 and (Boc-Cys/Sec-OMe)2 using X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Conformations of disulfide/diselenide in polypeptides are defined based on the sign of side chain torsion angle χ3 (-CH2 -S/Se-S/Se-CH2 -); negative indicates left-handed and positive indicates right-handed orientation. In the crystals of (Boc-Cys-OMe)2 and (Boc-Sec-OMe)2 , the disulfide exhibits a left-handed and the diselenide a right-handed orientation. Characterization of cystine and selenocystine derivatives in solution using 1 H-NMR, natural abundant 77 Se NMR, 2D-ROESY, and chemical shift analysis coupled to DMSO titration has indicated the symmetrical nature and antiparallel orientation of Cys/Sec residues about the disulfide/diselenide bridges. Structural calculations of cystine and selenocystine derivatives using DFT further support the antiparallel orientation of Cys/Sec residues about disulfide/diselenide. The far-ultraviolet (UV) region CD spectra of cystine and selenocystine derivatives have exhibited the negative Cotton effect (CE) for disulfide and positive for diselenide confirming the difference in the conformational preference of disulfide and diselenide. In the previously reported polymorphic structure of (Boc-Sec-OMe)2 , the diselenide has right-handed orientation. In the X-ray structures of disulfide and diselenide analogues of Escherichia coli protein encoded by curli specific gene C (CgsC) retrieved from Protein Databank (PDB), disulfide has left-handed and the diselenide right-handed orientation. The current report provides the evidence for the local conformational difference between a disulfide and a diselenide group under unconstrained conditions, which may be useful for the rational replacement of disulfide by diselenide in polypeptide chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - K Kasi Amarnath Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubha Shridhar Gunaga
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit (SSCU), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran Krishnamurthy
- NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Abhijit Rana
- School of Chemical Sciences, NISER, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kishorkumar Sindogi
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit (SSCU), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Konkallu Hanumae Gowd
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
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