Elucidating the Histone Deacetylase Gene Expression Signatures in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells That Correlate Essential Cardiac Function and Aid in Classifying Coronary Artery Disease through a Logistic Regression Model

A proinflammatory role of HDACs has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis as an emerging novel epigenetic diagnostic biomarker. However, its association with the clinical and cardiovascular function in coronary artery disease is largely unknown. The study aimed to profile the gene expression of HDAC1-11 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and to evaluate their influence on hematological, biochemical, and two-dimensional echocardiographic indices in CAD. The HDAC gene expression profiles were assessed in 62 angioproven CAD patients and compared with 62 healthy controls. Among the HDACs, upregulated HDACs 1,2, 4, 6, 8, 9, and 11 were upregulated, and HDAC3 was downregulated, which was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) linked with the hematological (basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils), biochemical (LDL, HDL, and TGL), and echocardiographic parameters (cardiac function: biplane LVEF, GLS, MV E/A, IVRT, and PV S/D) in CAD. Furthermore, our constructed diagnostic model with the crucial HDACs establishes the most crucial HDACs in the classification of CAD from control with an excellent accuracy of 88.6%. Conclusively, our study has provided a novel perspective on the HDAC gene expression underlying cardiac function that is useful in developing molecular methods for CAD diagnosis.

Cellular temperature probing using optically trapped single upconversion luminescence

BACKGROUND

The thermally coupled energy states that contribute to the upconversion luminescence of rare earth element-doped nanoparticles have been the subject of intense research due to their potential nanoscale temperature probing. However, the inherent low quantum efficiency of these particles often limits their practical applications, and currently, surface passivation and incorporation of plasmonic particles are being explored to improve the inherent quantum efficiency of the particle. However, the role of these surface passivating layers and the attached plasmonic particles in the temperature sensitivity of upconverting nanoparticles while probing the intercellular temperature has not been investigated thus far, particularly at the single nanoparticle level.

RESULTS

The analysis of the study on the thermal sensitivity of oleate-free UCNP, UCNP@SiO₂, and UCNP@SiO₂@Au particles is carried out at a single particle level in a physiologically relevant temperature range (299 K-319 K) by optically trapping the particle. The thermal relative sensitivity of the as-prepared upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) is found to be greater than that of UCNP@SiO₂ and UCNP@SiO₂@Au particles in an aqueous medium. An optically trapped single luminescence particle inside the cell is used to monitor the temperature inside the cell by measuring the luminescence from the thermally coupled states. The absolute sensitivity of optically trapped particles inside the biological cell increases with temperature, with a greater impact on the bare UCNP, which exhibits higher values for thermal sensitivity than UCNP@SiO₂ and UCNP@SiO₂@Au. The thermal sensitivity of the trapped particle inside the biological cell at 317 K indicates the thermal sensitivity of UCNP > UCNP@SiO₂@Au > UCNP@SiO₂ particles.

SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY

Compared to bulk sample-based temperature probing, the present study demonstrates temperature measurement at the single particle level by optically trapping the particle and further explores the role of the passivating silica shell and the incorporation of plasmonic particles on thermal sensitivity. Furthermore, thermal sensitivity measurements inside a biological cell at the single particle level are investigated and illustrated that thermal sensitivity at a single particle is sensitive to the measuring environment.

Optically trapped SiO2@Au particle-dye hybrid-based SERS detection of Hg2+ ions

The selective ultra-sensitive detection of a very low concentration of analyte in a liquid environment using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a challenging task owing to the poor reproducibility of the Raman signals arising from the nonstationary nature of the substrate. However, plasmonic metal particle-incorporated microparticles can be effectively 3-D arrested in a liquid environment that can serve as a stable SERS substrate by employing an optical trapping force. Herein, we demonstrate a 3-D optically trapped Au-attached SiO₂ microparticle as an efficient SERS substrate that can detect 512 pM for Rhodamine6G and 6.8 pM for crystal violet. Further, the substrate allows the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes. By utilizing the Raman signal from Rhodamine 6G as the probe beam, the selective detection of Hg²⁺ ions as low as 100 pM is demonstrated.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Pre-Analytic Errors of Blood Transfusion among Interns

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice about pre-analytic errors among interns. This elicits the efficiency of interns on the basis of knowledge, attitude and practice in blood transfusion and to analyse about the pre-analytic errors in blood transfusion. Study Design: A cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Saveetha Medical College Sriperumbudur, between January 2020 to August 2020. Methodology: The prospective study will be done by distributing online questionnaire. From the questionnaire the interpretation of pre-analytical errors will be analysed statistically. Results: A total of 150 interns in a Tertiary care teaching hospital were given the online questionnaire in which 136 interns responded and 14 were not responded and the results showed lower frequency of incidents in pre-analytic errors. Conclusion: Though the pre analytic errors were less, the lack of knowledge among the medical staff in transfusion is obvious. Therefore, we must have the possibility of organizing regular training and follow-up activities to improve the knowledge of interns in transfusion.