[Benefits of group pelvic floor education sessions: satisfaction and improvement of women's knowledge]

INTRODUCTION

Pelvic floor dysfunctions are an important health-care issue however there are no primary prevention programs for perineal health. This study aims to evaluate the impact of perineal education group sessions on women's urinary and digestive behaviors and their satisfaction with these sessions.

MATERIAL

Perineal education sessions were proposed to women working in a gynecology department. Each session covered perineal physiology and anatomy, urinary and digestive physiology as well as risk situations for the pelvic floor. At the beginning and end of the sessions, participants completed a questionnaire on their knowledge about the pelvic floor and questions concerning their satisfaction were asked at the end of the session. A 2-month questionnaire assessed changes in urinary and digestive habits as well as the dissemination of information.

RESULTS

One hundred and sixty-three women, average age 38, participated in these sessions; 107 responded at 2 months. The education sessions significantly improved pelvic floor fonctions knowledge. After the sessions, 81.3% of women reported changing their urinary habits and 60.7% their defecatory habits. Participants found the sessions very useful (rating 9.7/10), all participants recommended these sessions to a friend and the dissemination of the information was important.

CONCLUSION

Perineal education sessions improve women's knowledge and limit risky behaviors for the pelvic floor. The satisfaction of women who received information is important and the dissemination of information strong.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

4.

[The use of pessaries for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse: A survey from gynecologists and urologists residents]

INTRODUCTION

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition responsible for symptoms that significantly affect the quality of life in women. Despite its effectiveness, low cost and minor side effects, the pessary is little used in France. The objective of our study was to assess the knowledge, training and practices of residents regarding pessaries.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This survey was conducted among residents in obstetrics gynecology, medical gynecology and urology in France between March and September 2020.

RESULTS

During the study period, 328 interns responded to the questionnaires. The majority of residents (52.1%) reported never having attended a consultation specializing in pelvicperineology. Only 31.7% felt comfortable having a pessary inserted. According to them, the pessary was indicated in 3 main situations: in case of contraindication to surgery (80%), while awaiting surgery (79%) and in women over 70 years old (62%). The pessary could be offered to all women for only 46.9% of them. Almost 53% of residents reported ignoring the main complications of pessaries and 83.5% felt they needed further training on the subject.

CONCLUSION

Interns seem to be generally aware of the use of the pessary. Their knowledge of the indications, complications or even monitoring leads us to believe that it is essential to promote their training so that the pessary becomes an integral part of the first-line therapeutic arsenal in the event of POPs.

Borderline ovarian tumors: Guidelines from the French national college of obstetricians and gynecologists (CNGOF)

It is recommended to classify Borderline Ovarian Tumors (BOTs) according to the WHO classification. Transvaginal and suprapubic ultrasonography are recommended for the analysis of an ovarian mass (Grade A). In case of an undetermined ovarian lesion on ultrasonography, it is recommended to perform a pelvic MRI (Grade A) with a score for malignancy (ADNEX MR/O-RADS) (Grade C) included in the report and to formulate a histological hypothesis (Grade C). Pelvic MRI is recommended to characterize a tumor suspected of being BOT (Grade C). It is recommended to evaluate serum levels of HE4 and CA125 and to use the ROMA score for the diagnosis of indeterminate ovarian mass on imaging (grade A). If there is a suspicion of a mucinous BOT on imaging, serum levels of CA 19-9 may be proposed (Grade C). For Early Stages (ES) of BOT, if surgery without risk of tumor rupture is possible, laparoscopy with protected extraction is recommended over laparotomy (Grade C). For treatment of a bilateral serous ES BOT with a strategy to preserve fertility and/or endocrine function, bilateral cystectomy is recommended where possible (Grade B). For mucinous BOTs with a treatment strategy of fertility and/or endocrine function preservation, unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is recommended (grade C). For mucinous BOTs treated by initial cystectomy, unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is recommended (grade C). For serous or mucinous ES BOTs, routine hysterectomy is not recommended (Grade C). For ES BOTs, lymphadenectomy is not recommended (Grade C). For ES BOTs, appendectomy is recommended only in case of a macroscopically pathological appendix (Grade C). Restaging surgery is recommended in cases of serous BOTs with micropapillary architecture and an incomplete abdominal cavity inspection during initial surgery (Grade C). Restaging surgery is recommended for mucinous BOTs after initial cystectomy or in cases where the appendix was not examined (Grade C). If restaging surgery is decided for ES BOTs, the following procedures should be performed: peritoneal washing (grade C), omentectomy (grade B), complete exploration of the abdominal cavity with peritoneal biopsies (grade C), visualization of the appendix and appendectomy in case of a pathological macroscopic appearance (grade C) as well as unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in case of a mucinous BOT initially treated by cystectomy (grade C). In advanced stages (AS) of BOT, it is not recommended to perform a lymphadenectomy as a routine procedure (Grade C). For AS BOT in a patient with a desire to fall pregnant, conservative treatment involving preservation of the uterus and all or part of the ovary may be proposed (Grade C). Restaging surgery aimed at removing all lesions, not performed initially, is recommended for AS BOTs (Grade C). After treatment, follow-up for a duration greater than 5 years is recommended due to the median recurrence time of BOTs (Grade B). It is recommended that a systematic clinical examination be carried out during follow-up of a treated BOT (Grade B). If the determination of tumor markers is normal preoperatively, the routine dosage of tumor markers in BOT follow-up is not recommended (Grade C). In case of an initial elevation in serum CA 125 levels, it is recommended to monitor CA 125 during follow up (Grade B). In case of conservative treatment, it is recommended to use transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound during follow up of a treated BOT (Grade B). In the event of a BOT recurrence in a woman of childbearing age, a second conservative treatment may be proposed (Grade C). A consultation with a physician specialized in Assisted Reproductive Technique (ART) should be offered in the case of BOTs in women of childbearing age (Grade C). When possible, a conservative surgical strategy is recommended to preserve fertility in women of childbearing age (Grade C). In the case of optimally treated BOT, there is no evidence to contraindicate the use of ART. The use of hormonal contraception after serous or mucinous BOT is not contraindicated (Grade C). After management of mucinous BOT, for women under 45 years, given the benefit of Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT) on cardiovascular and bone risks, and the lack of hormone sensitivity of mucinous BOTs, it is recommended to offer HRT (Grade C). Over 45 years of age, HRT can be prescribed in case of a climacteric syndrome after individual benefit to risk assessment (Grade C).

Paget's disease of the vulva: A challenge for the gynaecologist

Paget's disease of the vulva is a rare form of extramammary Paget's disease mainly affecting postmenopausal women. Its pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Up to fairly recently, the only treatment for this disease was surgery, often mutilating the vulva, with significant psychosexual repercussions without the assurance of complete therapeutic efficacy. New therapeutic approaches -topical treatments, radiotherapy or chemotherapy- have emerged in recent years but lack consensual guidelines. We present a literature review of the recent results published in this field.

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is classified into two entities: differentiated (dVIN) and vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (vH-SIL). dVIN is a premalignant lesion that develops on an existing vulvar lesion such as lichen sclerosus, while vH-SIL is associated with HPV infection. The two entities differ in terms of pathophysiology, background, prognosis, and management. The incidence of VIN in young women is rising and recurrence is common, even after radical surgery, which can cause significant disfigurement. Alternative strategies include topical treatments, ablation, and a watch-and-wait approach. There is currently no consensus on how these lesions should be managed. We review the literature in this field.

[Borderline Ovarian Tumours: CNGOF Guidelines for Clinical Practice - Value of Tumor Markers]

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum biomarkers in the management strategy of borderline ovarian tumours (BOT) to make management recommendations.

METHODS

English and French review of literature from 1990 to 2019 based on publications from Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane, with keywords: borderline ovarian tumors, tumour markers, CA125, CA19 9, ACE, CA72 4, TAG72, HE4, ROMA, mucinous, serous, mucinous, endometrioid ovarian tumours, peritoneal implants, recurrence, overall survival, follow-up. Among 1000 references, 400 were selected and only 30 were screened for this work.

RESULTS

Literature review: there is low evidence in literature concerning the discriminating value of serum tumour biomarkers (CA125, CA19-9, CEA, CA72-4, HE4) and specific score between presumed benign ovarian tumour/BOT/ovarian cancer (LE4). Serum CA125 antigen is higher in case of serous borderline ovarian tumour (LE4), increase with the tumor height, the FIGO stage, notably in case of serous borderline ovarian tumor. However, a normal value rate of serum CA125 antigen does not rule out a BOT (LE4). The preoperative positivity rate of CA19 9 in case of TFO is relatively lower than that of CA125 and is higher in mucinous TFO. The preoperative rate of serum CA19 9 antigen increases with the tumour height and the FIGO stage (LE4) and are higher in case of mucinous BOT (LE4). Preoperative rates of serum HE4 are not different between histologic type of BOT. A high level of serum biomarkers (CA125) is a predictive factor of peritoneal implants (LE4) and an independent predictive factor of recurrence (CA125) (LE4).

RECOMMENDATIONS

no recommendation can be made about the use of serum tumour biomarkers (CA125, CA19-9, CEA, CA72-4, HE4) or specific score in order to distinguish benign ovarian tumor/borderline ovarian tumor/ovarian cancer in case of indeterminate mass. In case of suspicion of mucinous ovarian tumour on imaging, the systematic dosage of serum CA19-9 antigen can be proposed (grade C). In case of an ovarian indeterminate mass on imaging; dosage of serum HE4 and C125 is recommended. If preoperative dosage of serum tumor biomarkers is normal, their systematic dosage is not recommended in the follow-up of BOT (grade C). If preoperative dosage of CA125 is high, the systematic dosage of CA125 is recommended in the follow-up of BOT with no precisions about the rhythm and the duration of the follow-up (grade B).