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Freeman DC, McArthur ED, Harper KT, Blauer AC. INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE FLORAL SEX RATIO OF MONOECIOUS PLANTS. Evolution 2017; 35:194-197. [PMID: 28563448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1981.tb04875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/1978] [Revised: 06/17/1980] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Carl Freeman
- Department of Biological Sciences; Wayne State University; Detroit Michigan 48202
| | - E. Durant McArthur
- USDA-Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station; Shurb Sciences Laboratory; Provo Utah 84601
| | - K. T. Harper
- Department of Botany and Range Science; Brigham Young University; Provo Utah 84602
| | - A. C. Blauer
- USDA-Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station; Shurb Sciences Laboratory; Provo Utah 84601
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Preston RS, Philp A, Claessens T, Gijezen L, Dydensborg AB, Dunlop EA, Harper KT, Brinkhuizen T, Menko FH, Davies DM, Land SC, Pause A, Baar K, van Steensel MAM, Tee AR. Absence of the Birt-Hogg-Dubé gene product is associated with increased hypoxia-inducible factor transcriptional activity and a loss of metabolic flexibility. Oncogene 2010; 30:1159-73. [PMID: 21057536 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Under conditions of reduced tissue oxygenation, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) controls many processes, including angiogenesis and cellular metabolism, and also influences cell proliferation and survival decisions. HIF is centrally involved in tumour growth in inherited diseases that give rise to renal cell carcinoma (RCC), such as Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex. In this study, we examined whether HIF is involved in tumour formation of RCC in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. For this, we analysed a Birt-Hogg-Dubé patient-derived renal tumour cell line (UOK257) that is devoid of the Birt-Hogg-Dubé protein (BHD) and observed high levels of HIF activity. Knockdown of BHD expression also caused a threefold activation of HIF, which was not as a consequence of more HIF1α or HIF2α protein. Transcription of HIF target genes VEGF, BNIP3 and CCND1 was also increased. We found nuclear localization of HIF1α and increased expression of VEGF, BNIP3 and GLUT1 in a chromophobe carcinoma from a Birt-Hogg-Dubé patient. Our data also reveal that UOK257 cells have high lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. We observed increased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (a HIF gene target), which in turn leads to increased phosphorylation and inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Together with increased protein levels of GLUT1, our data reveal that UOK257 cells favour glycolytic rather than lipid metabolism (a cancer phenomenon termed the 'Warburg effect'). UOK257 cells also possessed a higher expression level of the L-lactate influx monocarboxylate transporter 1 and consequently utilized L-lactate as a metabolic fuel. As a result of their higher dependency on glycolysis, we were able to selectively inhibit the growth of these UOK257 cells by treatment with 2-deoxyglucose. This work suggests that targeting glycolytic metabolism may be used therapeutically to treat Birt-Hogg-Dubé-associated renal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Preston
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Abstract
The distribution of male and female plants was examined in five dioecious, wind-pollinated species representing five plant families and two classes (gymnosperms and angiosperms). The arid to semiarid habitats occupied by these species in northern Utah were stratified for sampling into two categories: chronically xeric and seasonally moist. The results show that for all species, males are more abundant on xeric microsites, while females are over represented on the moister parts of each local environment. Differential distribution of the sexes along a soil moisture gradient is a strategy that maximizes seed set of females and pollen dispersal of males; it also tends to minimize intraspecific competition between the sexes.
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Allphin L, Windham MD, Harper KT. Genetic diversity and gene flow in the endangered dwarf bear poppy, Arctomecon humilis (Papaveraceae). Am J Bot 1998; 85:1251-1261. [PMID: 21685011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Arctomecon humilis is a critically endangered species endemic to the Moenkopi shale of Washington County, Utah. Recovery plans for the species would be improved by an understanding of genetic diversity and gene flow among its remaining populations. Ten variable isozyme loci were used to calculate genetic diversity statistics for study populations. Westerly populations possessed higher levels of genetic variability than other populations at the same isozyme loci. Three of the populations exhibited significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. No correlation existed between genetic distance and geographic distance. Most of the genetic diversity was distributed among populations with little gene flow between populations, suggesting that observed genetic differences may arise from genetic drift. For the westerly populations, similar genotypes were observed in the seedling and old age classes, while intermediate age classes typically possessed an alternate set of genotypes at Pgi-2. Mean heterozygosity increased with age class across populations. Westerly populations of A. humilis shared more alleles with the nearest geographic population of A. californica than other populations. Since the westerly populations contained more genetic variability and more alleles in common with a near relative, they may be relictual. Other populations may contain less genetic diversity due to founder effects and/or genetic drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Allphin
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Ostler WK, Harper KT, McKnight KB, Anderson DC. The Effects of Increasing Snowpack on a Subalpine Meadow in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, U.S.A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.2307/1551153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Evidence is presented that individuals of a large number of dioecious and subdioecious plant species are able to alter their sexual state in response to changes in the ambient environment and/or changes in size or age. We suggest that lability of sexual expression probably has survival value where a significant portion of the females must otherwise bear the cost of fruit production in unfavorable environments. We demonstrate that in patchy environments of the proper scale and variability in quality, labile sexual expression will enhance an individual's genetic contribution to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Freeman
- Department of Biology, Wayne State University, 48202, Detroit, MI
| | - K T Harper
- Department of Botany and Range Science, Brigham Young University, 84602, Provo, Utah
| | - E L Charnov
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 84112, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Carl Freeman D, Harper KT, Kent Ostler W. Ecology of plant dioecy in the intermountain region of Western North America and California. Oecologia 1979; 44:410-417. [PMID: 28310298 DOI: 10.1007/bf00545246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/1979] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Data from 44 plant communities of the arid zone of western North America and from the entire California flora suggest that the dioecious habit (separate sexed individuals) is best developed among wind pollinated woody plants. A rationale is presented for the ways in which wind pollination and large plant size have favored the development of the dioecious habit. Based upon the patterns examined, it is concluded that inbreeding depression alone is insufficient to account for the evolution of the dioecious habit in many temperate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Carl Freeman
- Department of Biology, Wayne State University, 48202, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - K T Harper
- Department of Botany and Range Science, Brigham Young University, 84602, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - W Kent Ostler
- Native Plants Inc., P.O. Box 15526, 84115, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Kleiner EF, Harper KT. Occurrence of Four Major Perennial Grasses in Relation to Edaphic Factors in a Pristine Community. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.2307/3897307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Alvarez H, Ludwig JA, Harper KT. Factors Influencing Plant Colonization of Mine Dumps at Park City, Utah. American Midland Naturalist 1974. [DOI: 10.2307/2424198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Harner RF, Harper KT. Mineral composition of grassland species of the Eastern Great Basin in relation to stand productivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1139/b73-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Floral and mineral composition of the vegetation on 12 foothill grassland sites in the Eastern Great Basin has been studied. Aboveground production differed widely among the sites (871–2388 kg/ha per year). Both floristic and mineral composition of the vegetation changed conspicuously across the productivity gradient. As production increased, total nutrient uptake by the aboveground vegetation also increased. This increase was only partially due to greater production; average nutrient content per gram of tissue (all species pooled) also increased along the productivity gradient.Roughly 82% of the variation in total annual production was accounted for using an index of site mesicness. Mesic sites were dominated by forbs, while grasses or shrubs were dominant on xeric sites. The mesic sites were far more productive than xeric sites. The greater nutrient element content of plant tissue from the most productive sites in this study was related more to a shift in dominance from grasses and shrubs to forbs, than to nutrient status of the soil.
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