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Keerthi MC, Suroshe SS, Doddachowdappa S, Shivakumara KT, Mahesha HS, Rana VS, Gupta A, Murukesan A, Casini R, Elansary HO, Shakil NA. Bio-Intensive Tactics for the Management of Invasive Fall Armyworm for Organic Maize Production. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:685. [PMID: 36771769 PMCID: PMC9920273 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest native to the American continent. The present study focused on bio-intensive tactics like intercropping, using natural enemies, botanical insecticides and biopesticides for managing S. frugiperda for the organic production of maize in Indian conditions. A total of eight different parasitoids attacking the different stages of S. frugiperda viz., eggs and larvae were found in the study area. The total parasitism rate due to all the parasitoids ranged from 28.37 to 42.44%. The egg-larval parasitoid, Chelonus formosanus Sonan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was the dominant parasitoid (12.55%), followed by Chelonus nr. blackburni (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (10.98%) and Coccygydium sp. (4.85%). About 36.58 percent of the egg masses collected was parasitized by egg parasitoids, among which Telenomus remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was the dominant parasitoid. The botanicals insecticides such as citronella and annona extract were most effective, resulting in 100% mortality of FAW larvae (168 h after treatment). The essential oil of garlic (100%) was found highly effective in inhibiting egg hatching, followed by geraniol (90.76%). The maize intercropped with lady's finger (okra) recorded significantly the lowest pest infestation and recorded higher grain yield (6.17 q/ha) than other intercropping systems and control (5.10 q/ha). The overall bioefficacy of commercial biopesticides against the larvae of S. frugiperda was in the following order azadirachtin > Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) > Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) at 168 h after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikyanahalli Chandrashekara Keerthi
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
- Seed Technology Division, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - Sachin Suresh Suroshe
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sagar Doddachowdappa
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | | | - Virendra Singh Rana
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ankita Gupta
- ICAR–National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | - Ajith Murukesan
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ryan Casini
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najam Akhtar Shakil
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
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