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Ming Zhuo C, Liu C, Srivastava KD, Lin A, Lazarski C, Wang L, Maskey A, Song Y, Chen X, Yang N, Zambrano L, Bushko R, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Cox A, Liu Z, Huang W, Dunkin D, Miao M, Li XM. Anti-IgE Effect of Small-Molecule-Compound Arctigenin on Food Allergy in association with a Distinct Transcriptome Profile. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 52:250-264. [PMID: 34757674 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive production of IgE plays a major role in the pathology of food allergy. In an attempt to identify anti-IgE natural products, Arctium Lappa was one of the most effective herbs among approximately 300 screened medicinal herbs. However, little is known about its anti-IgE compounds. OBJECTIVE To identify compounds from Arctium Lappa for targeted therapy on IgE production and explore their underlying mechanisms. METHODS Liquid-liquid extraction and column chromatographic methods were used to purify the compounds. IgE inhibitory effects were determined on IgE producing human myeloma U266 cells, peanut-allergic murine model, and PBMCs from food-allergic patients. Genes involved in IgE inhibition in PBMCs were studied by RNA sequencing. RESULTS The main compounds isolated were identified as arctiin and arctigenin. Both compounds significantly inhibited IgE production in U266 cells, with arctigenin the most potent (IC50=5.09μg/mL). Arctigenin (at a dose of 13.3 mg/kg) markedly reduced peanut-specific IgE levels, blocked hypothermia and histamine release in a peanut-allergic mouse model. Arctigenin also significantly reduced IgE production and Th2 cytokines (IL5, IL13) by PBMCs. We found 479 differentially expressed genes in PBMCs with arctigenin treatment (p<0.001 and fold-change ≥1.5), involving 24 gene ontology terms (p<0.001, FDR <0.05); cell division was the most significant. Eleven genes including UBE2C and BCL6 were validated by qPCR. CONCLUSION Arctigenin markedly inhibited IgE production in U266 cells, peanut allergic murine model and PBMCs from allergic patients by down-regulating cell division, cell cycle-related genes and up-regulating anti-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Ming Zhuo
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Changda Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.,Pediatric Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Kamal D Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, New York, NY, 10595, USA.,General Nutraceutical Technology LLC, Elmsford, NY, 10523, USA
| | - Adora Lin
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Christopher Lazarski
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Anish Maskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, New York, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Ying Song
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.,Pediatric Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Xiaoke Chen
- Pediatric Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, New York, NY, 10595, USA.,General Nutraceutical Technology LLC, Elmsford, NY, 10523, USA
| | - Linda Zambrano
- Pediatric Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Renna Bushko
- Pediatric Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Amanda Cox
- Pediatric Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shen Zhen University, Shenzhen, China, 518116
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, New York, NY, 10595, USA
| | - David Dunkin
- Pediatric Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, New York, NY, 10595, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, New York, NY, 10595, USA
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Wang ZZ, Jia Y, Srivastava KD, Huang W, Tiwari R, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Geliebter J, Miao M, Li XM. Systems Pharmacology and In Silico Docking Analysis Uncover Association of CA2, PPARG, RXRA, and VDR with the Mechanisms Underlying the Shi Zhen Tea Formula Effect on Eczema. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021; 2021:8406127. [PMID: 34055023 PMCID: PMC8143894 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8406127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eczema is a complex chronic inflammatory skin disease impacted by environmental factors, infections, immune disorders, and deficiencies in skin barrier function. Shi Zhen Tea (SZT), derived from traditional Chinese medicine Xiao-Feng-San, has shown to be an effective integrative therapy for treating skin lesions, itching, and sleeping loss, and it facilitates reduction of topical steroid and antihistamine use in pediatric and adult patients with severe eczema. Yet, its active compounds and therapeutic mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we sought to investigate the active compounds and molecular mechanisms of SZT in treating eczema using systems pharmacology and in silico docking analysis. SZT is composed of 4 medicinal herbs, Baizhu (Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome), Jingjie (Schizonepetae herba), Kushen (Sophorae flavescentis radix), and Niubangzi (Arctii fructus). We first identified 51 active compounds from SZT and their 81 potential molecular targets by high-throughput computational analysis, from which we identified 4 major pathways including Th17 cell differentiation, metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Through network analysis of the compound-target pathway, we identified hub molecular targets within these pathways including carbonic anhydrase II (CA2), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR γ), retinoid X receptor α (RXRA), and vitamin D receptor (VDR). We further identified top 5 compounds including cynarine, stigmasterin, kushenol, β-sitosterol, and (24S)-24-propylcholesta-5-ene-3β-ol as putative key active compounds on the basis of their molecular docking scores with identified hub target proteins. Our study provides an insight into the therapeutic mechanism underlying multiscale benefits of SZT for eczema and paves the way for developing new and potentially more effective eczema therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
| | - Yuan Jia
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kamal D. Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
- General Nutraceutical Technology LLC, Elmsford, New York 10523, USA
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
| | - Raj Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
| | - Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn 10-561, Poland
| | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
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Srivastava KD, Song Y, Yang N, Liu C, Goldberg IE, Nowak-Węgrzyn A, Sampson HA, Li XM. B-FAHF-2 plus oral immunotherapy (OIT) is safer and more effective than OIT alone in a murine model of concurrent peanut/tree nut allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1038-1049. [PMID: 28397379 PMCID: PMC5533629 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concurrent sensitization to peanut (PN) and tree nuts (TN), the most dangerous food allergies, is common. Current oral immunotherapy (OIT) is not fully satisfactory. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the herbal formula B-FAHF-2 (BF2) ameliorates PN/TN OIT adverse reactions and enhances persistence of a tolerant state. METHODS Concurrently sensitized PN-, walnut- (WN) and cashew (CSH)-allergic mice received 1-day PN/WN/CSH rush OIT plus 3 weeks of maintenance dosing, with or without 3 weeks prior and 3 weeks BF2 co-treatment. Anaphylactic symptom scores, core body temperatures, plasma histamine levels, basophil numbers, antigen-specific IgE, cytokine levels, and IL-4, INF-γ and Foxp3 gene promoter DNA methylation status, and their correlation with final challenge symptom scores were determined. RESULTS BF2+OIT-treated mice experienced significantly fewer and less severe adverse reactions than OIT-only-treated mice (P<.01) during the 1-day rush OIT build-up dose phase. Both OIT-only and BF2+OIT mice showed significant desensitization (P<.01 and .001, respectively) at 1 week post-therapy challenge, being greater in BF2+OIT mice. All sham-treated and 91% of OIT-treated mice experienced anaphylaxis whereas only 21% of BF2+OIT-treated mice exhibited reactions during 5-6 weeks of dose escalation single PN and TN challenges. Greater and more persistent protection in BF2+OIT mice was associated with significantly lower plasma histamine and IgE levels, increased IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-10/IL-4 ratios, DNA remethylation at the IL-4 promoter and demethylation at IFN-γ and Foxp3 promoters. Final challenge symptom scores were inversely correlated with IL-4 DNA methylation levels (P<.0002) and positively correlated with IFN-γ and Foxp3 gene promoter methylation levels (P<.0011) (P<.0165). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Combined BF2/OIT therapy was safer and produced longer post-treatment protection and more tolerance-prone immunological and epigenetic modifications than OIT alone. BF2/OIT may provide an additional OIT option for patients with concurrent PN/TN and other food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Center for Integrative Medicine for Immunology and Wellness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Y Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Center for Integrative Medicine for Immunology and Wellness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Center for Integrative Medicine for Immunology and Wellness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Center for Integrative Medicine for Immunology and Wellness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - I E Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Center for Integrative Medicine for Immunology and Wellness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Nowak-Węgrzyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Center for Integrative Medicine for Immunology and Wellness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - H A Sampson
- Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Center for Integrative Medicine for Immunology and Wellness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - X-M Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Center for Integrative Medicine for Immunology and Wellness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Srivastava KD, Siefert A, Fahmy TM, Caplan MJ, Li XM, Sampson HA. Investigation of peanut oral immunotherapy with CpG/peanut nanoparticles in a murine model of peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:536-543.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Zhou Z, Song Y, Mao C, Srivastava KD, Liu C, Yang N, Liu Z, Li XM. Recombinant Probiotic Bacillus Subtilis Spores with Surface Expression of Ara h2 Reduce Peanut-Induced Anaphylaxis in Mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Srivastava KD, Siefert A, Fahmy T, Caplan MJ, Li XM, Sampson HA. Investigation of Peanut Oral Immunotherapy Using CpG/Peanut-Nanoparticles in a Murine Model of Peanut Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mao C, Song Y, Zhou Z, Liu C, Srivastava KD, Jahouh F, Wang R, Yan X, Li XM. Acute Anti-IgE Effect of Topical Application of Formulation of Herbal Extracts in a Peanut Allergic Murine Model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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López-Expósito I, Srivastava KD, Birmingham N, Castillo A, Miller RL, Li XM. Maternal Antiasthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention therapy prevents airway inflammation and modulates pulmonary innate immune responses in young offspring mice. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 114:43-51.e1. [PMID: 25465920 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal asthma is a risk factor for asthma in offspring; however, transmission of the risk for allergic asthma without direct offspring sensitization has not been explored. OBJECTIVE To determine whether offspring from mothers with ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized asthma would develop airway disease at first-ever exposure to OVA and whether preconception maternal treatment with the Antiasthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention (ASHMI) or dexamethasone (DEX) could modify this risk in offspring. METHODS Female BALB/c mice (F0) with OVA-induced asthma were generated using established protocols. Mice with asthma were treated with ASHMI, DEX, or water for 6 to 7 weeks. Naive mice served as controls. Subsequently, mice were mated. Twelve-day-old F1 offspring received 3 consecutive intranasal low- or high-dose OVA exposures without sensitization. Forty-eight hours later, airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, serum antibodies, and cytokines were evaluated. RESULTS Offspring from OVA-sensitized mothers, but not naive mothers, showed eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation, and mucus hyperplasia after OVA exposure and he presence of OVA-specific IgG1 and IgG2a. Offspring of ASHMI- and DEX-treated mothers showed decreased airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion after low-dose OVA (P < .05-.001 for the 2 comparisons vs offspring of OVA/Sham mothers). Offspring of ASHMI-treated, but not DEX-treated, mothers were protected after the high-dose OVA challenge (P < .05-.01 vs offspring OVA/Sham). Maternal ASHMI therapy was associated with increased IgG2a (P < .01 vs offspring of OVA/Sham mothers) and decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid CXCL-1 and eotaxin-1 levels (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively, vs offspring of OVA/Sham mothers). CONCLUSION Offspring of mothers with OVA-induced asthma developed airway inflammation and mucus to first-ever OVA exposure without prior sensitization. Maternal therapy with ASHMI was superior to DEX in decreasing offspring susceptibility to airway disease and could be a strategy to lower asthma prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván López-Expósito
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute in Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kamal D Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Neil Birmingham
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alexandra Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Srivastava KD, Dunkin D, Liu C, Yang N, Miller RL, Sampson HA, Li XM. Effect of Antiasthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention on neutrophil predominant airway inflammation in a ragweed sensitized murine asthma model. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 112:339-47.e1-2. [PMID: 24679734 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil-predominant asthma is less responsive to steroids and associated with poorer disease control. The effects of Antiasthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention (ASHMI), a traditional Chinese medicine formula reported to be efficacious in asthmatic patients and murine asthma models, on neutrophil predominant asthma are unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of standard ASHMI and refined formula ASHMI (ASHMI(II)) in a neutrophil-predominant murine model of ragweed (RW) asthma and explore underlying mechanisms. METHODS BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized, intranasally challenged with RW extract, and orally treated with ASHMI, ASHMI(II), or vehicle (water). In a separate experiment, some RW sensitized mice were treated with dexamethasone before challenge. After RW challenge, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), total and differential bronchoalveolar lavage fluid leukocyte counts, lung histologic features, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokine and chemokine levels were assessed. RW stimulation of the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was used to determine effects of ASHMI active compound ganoderic acid C1 (GAC1) on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production and regulation of phosphorylated IκB and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) levels. RESULTS ASHMI and ASHMI(II) markedly reduced AHR, mucous production, neutrophilic inflammation, and TNF-α, interleukin 8, and interleukin 17 levels and decreased eosinophilic inflammation and TH2 responses in vivo (P < .01-.001 for all). GAC1 inhibited TNF-α production in RW-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in association with suppression of phosphorylated IκB and increased HDAC2 expression. Dexamethasone failed to reduce AHR and neutrophilic inflammation. CONCLUSION ASHMI treatment was efficacious in a murine model of neutrophil-predominant asthma via modulation of innate chemokines, TH2 responses, nuclear factor-κB, and HDAC2. ASHMI, and/or its constituent GAC1, may be a valuable option for treating neutrophil-predominant asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal D Srivastava
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - David Dunkin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Changda Liu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nan Yang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Hugh A Sampson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Li XM, Song Y, Liu C, Goldberg I, Sampson HA, Srivastava KD. B-Fahf-2 Pretreatment Reduces OIT Adverse Reactions and Improves Outcomes In a Murine Model Of Multiple Nut Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Srivastava KD, Dunkin D, Yang N, Liu C, Miller RL, Li XM. Ashmi Suppresses Neutrophil Pulmonary Inflammation In a Ragweed Allergic Asthma Model That Is Associated With Modulation Of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Srivastava KD, Bardina L, Sampson HA, Li XM. Efficacy and immunological actions of FAHF-2 in a murine model of multiple food allergies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2012; 108:351-358.e1. [PMID: 22541407 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food Allergy Herbal Formula-2 (FAHF-2) prevents anaphylaxis in a murine model of peanut allergy. Multiple food allergies (MFA) are common and associated with a higher risk of anaphylaxis. No well-characterized murine model of sensitization to multiple food allergens exists, and no satisfactory therapy for MFA is currently available. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of FAHF-2 in a murine model of MFA. METHODS C3H/HeJ mice were orally sensitized to peanut, codfish, and egg concurrently. Oral FAHF-2 treatment commenced 1 day after completing sensitization and continued daily for 7 weeks. Mice were subsequently orally challenged with each allergen. RESULTS Antibodies in sera from mice simultaneously sensitized with peanut, codfish, and egg recognized major allergens of all 3 foods, demonstrating sensitization to multiple unrelated food allergens (MFA mice). Sham-treated MFA mice exhibited anaphylactic symptoms accompanied by elevation of plasma histamine and hypothermia. In contrast, FAHF-2-treated MFA mice showed no anaphylactic symptoms, normal body temperature, and histamine levels after challenge with each allergen. Protection was accompanied by reduction in allergen-specific immunoglobulin E levels. Allergen-stimulated Th2 cytokine interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 production levels decreased, whereas the Th1 cytokine interferon-γ levels were elevated in cultured splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells in FAHF-2-treated mice. CONCLUSION We established the first murine model of MFA. FAHF-2 prevents peanut, egg, and fish-induced anaphylactic reactions in this model, suggesting that FAHF-2 may have potential for treating human MFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal D Srivastava
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine,One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Srivastava KD, Qu C, Zhang T, Goldfarb J, Sampson HA, Li XM. Food Allergy Herbal Formula-2 silences peanut-induced anaphylaxis for a prolonged posttreatment period via IFN-γ–producing CD8+ T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:443-51. [PMID: 19203662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kattan JD, Srivastava KD, Zou ZM, Goldfarb J, Sampson HA, Li XM. Pharmacological and immunological effects of individual herbs in the Food Allergy Herbal Formula-2 (FAHF-2) on peanut allergy. Phytother Res 2008; 22:651-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Srivastava KD, Kattan JD, Zou ZM, Li JH, Zhang L, Wallenstein S, Goldfarb J, Sampson HA, Li XM. The Chinese herbal medicine formula FAHF-2 completely blocks anaphylactic reactions in a murine model of peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115:171-8. [PMID: 15637565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy is potentially life threatening. There is no curative therapy for this disorder. We previously found that an herbal formula, food allergy herbal formula (FAHF)-1, blocked peanut-induced anaphylaxis in a murine model when challenged immediately posttherapy. OBJECTIVE To test whether FAHF-2, an improved herbal formula, from which 2 herbs, Zhi Fu Zi (Radix Lateralis Aconiti Carmichaeli Praeparata) and Xi Xin (Herba Asari), were eliminated, is equally effective to FAHF-1, and if so, whether protection persists after therapy is discontinued. METHODS Mice allergic to peanut treated with FAHF-2 for 7 weeks were challenged 1, 3, or 5 weeks posttherapy. Anaphylactic scores, core body temperatures, vascular leakage, and plasma histamine levels after peanut challenge were determined. Serum peanut-specific antibody levels and splenocyte cytokine profiles were also measured. RESULTS After challenges, all sham-treated mice developed severe anaphylactic signs, significant decrease in rectal temperatures, significantly increased plasma histamine levels, and marked vascular leakage. In contrast, no sign of anaphylactic reactions, decrease in rectal temperatures, or elevation of plasma histamine levels was observed in FAHF-2-treated mice in 5 separate experiments. IgE levels were significantly reduced by FAHF-2 treatment and remained significantly lower as long as 5 weeks posttherapy. Splenocytes from FAHF-2-treated mice showed significantly reduced IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and enhanced IFN-gamma production to recall peanut stimulation in vitro . CONCLUSION FAHF-2 treatment completely eliminated anaphylaxis in mice allergic to peanut challenged as long as 5 weeks posttherapy. This result was associated with downregulation of T H 2 responses. FAHF-2 may be a potentially effective and safe therapy for peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal D Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Aggarwall R, Tewari AK, Srivastava KD, Singh DV. Role of antibiosis in the biological control of spot blotch ( Cochliobolus sativus) of wheat by Chaetomium globosum. Mycopathologia 2004; 157:369-77. [PMID: 15281398 DOI: 10.1023/b:myco.0000030446.86370.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chaetomium globosum Kunze, has been identified as a potential antagonist of Cochliobolus sativus (S. Ito & Kurib.) Deschler ex Dastur. (Syn = Drechslera sorokiniana). Production of antifungal compounds by Chaetomium globosum (Cg) and their role in suppression of spot blotch of wheat caused by this fungus under in vitro and in vivo has been evaluated. Interaction between Chaetomium globosum isolates and C. sativus showed mycoparasitism by isolates Cg 1 and Cg 6 whereas isolates Cg 2, Cg 3, Cg 4 and Cg 5 showed antibiosis. Syringe filtered culture extracts of Cg 2 completely inhibited mycelial growth of C. sativus in liquid broth. In vitro bioassays were undertaken by amending the medium with crude extracts and agar diffusion method in order to assess the fungistatic activity of crude extracts from culture filtrates of different isolates of Chaetomium globosum. Significant differences in antagonism between isolates were observed. Antifungal metabolite profiling, on TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) plates identified 13 compounds in isolate Cg 2, 11 compounds in Cg 3 and 7 compounds in Cg 6. Isolate Cg 1 produced only two faint bands and Cg 5 produced two bands of the same Rf value but of higher intensity. The production of antifungal compounds by isolates was positively correlated with antagonism to C. sativus on seedlings in glasshouse studies. The results showed high antifungal metabolite production by isolate Cg 2, which also gave maximum bioefficacy under laboratory and glasshouse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Aggarwall
- Division of Mycology & Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi.
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Srivastava KD, Rom WN, Jagirdar J, Yie TA, Gordon T, Tchou-Wong KM. Crucial role of interleukin-1beta and nitric oxide synthase in silica-induced inflammation and apoptosis in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:527-33. [PMID: 11850347 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.165.4.2106009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystalline silica stimulates macrophages in vitro to release interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and nitric oxide (NO) and induces apoptosis of macrophages. Because the fibrogenic potential of a particulate paralleled its ability to induce apoptosis in macrophages, we investigated the underlying mechanisms by which IL-1beta and NO mediate apoptosis and inflammation in murine silicosis. First, we demonstrated that silica induced NO production and apoptosis in vitro using the IC-21 macrophage cell line. Both NO release and apoptosis could be inhibited by neutralizing anti-IL-1beta antibody or the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME), demonstrating the requirement for IL-1beta-mediated NO release in silica-induced apoptosis. We exposed IL-1beta knockout (IL-1beta(-/-)) mice, inducible NOS knockout (iNOS(-/-)) mice, and wild-type mice to 250 mg/m(3) silica for 5 h/d for 10 d using an inhalation chamber. Exposure of wild-type mice to silica resulted in lung inflammation, apoptosis, and significantly larger and more numerous silicotic lesions than in IL-1beta(-/-) mice over a 12-wk course. We also exposed iNOS(-/-) mice via inhalation in the same protocol and compared with wild-type mice and demonstrated that iNOS(-/-) mice had significantly reduced apoptosis and inflammation. These results demonstrated an association between apoptosis and inflammation in murine silicosis and support a potential role for IL-1beta-dependent NO-mediated apoptosis in the evolution of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal D Srivastava
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
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Srivastava KD, Li XM, King N, Stanley S, Bannon GA, Burks W, Sampson HA. Immunotherapy with modified peanut allergens in a murine model of peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(02)82012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Al-Mussawir HE, Srivastava KD, Beyer K, Li JH, Li S, Burks W, Bannon GA, Li XM, Sampson HA. Effects of preparation methods on the allergenicity of peanut in a murine model of peanut-induced anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(02)81676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Li JH, Srivastava KD, Huleatt J, Bottomly K, Burks W, Bannon GA, Li XM, Sampson HA. Investigation of efficacy of Co-administration of heat killed listeria with modifiedpeanut protein for the treatment of peanut-induced hypersensitivity in a murine model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(02)81382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Stanley JS, Buzen F, Cockrell G, West M, Srivastava KD, Li XM, Sampson HA, Burks W, Bannon GA. Immunotherapy for peanut allergy using modified allergens and a bacterial adjuvant. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(02)81381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Srivastava KD, Magazine HI. Thrombin Receptor Activation Inhibits Monocyte Spreading by Induction of ETB Receptor-Coupled Nitric Oxide Release. The Journal of Immunology 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.9.5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of thrombin receptor activation on monocyte conformation was evaluated using the human monocyte cell line, THP-1, and the thrombin mimetic peptide, Trap-14. Treatment of THP-1 cells with Trap-14 induced rapid rounding of ameboid cells adherent to fibronectin-coated slides, whereas cell rounding was abrogated in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-l-arginine or the endothelin B receptor antagonist, BQ-788. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in the culture supernatant increased markedly within minutes of Trap-14 exposure with a concomitant loss in cellular ET-1 immunoreactivity. Importantly, loss of ET-1 immunoreactivity was blocked by pretreatment with the vesicle translocation inhibitor, nocodazole. Trap-14 potently induced the release of NO from THP-1 cells, whereas NO release was ablated by preincubation with BQ-788. These data demonstrate that thrombin receptor activation may inhibit cellular spreading as a result of autocrine ET-1 release and subsequent endothelin B receptor-dependent NO production, and suggest that initial exposure of inflammatory cells to thrombin may limit cellular activation and recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal D. Srivastava
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate School, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367
| | - Harold I. Magazine
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate School, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367
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23
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Srivastava KD, Magazine HI. Thrombin receptor activation inhibits monocyte spreading by induction of ET(B) receptor-coupled nitric oxide release. J Immunol 1998; 161:5039-44. [PMID: 9794441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of thrombin receptor activation on monocyte conformation was evaluated using the human monocyte cell line, THP-1, and the thrombin mimetic peptide, Trap-14. Treatment of THP-1 cells with Trap-14 induced rapid rounding of ameboid cells adherent to fibronectin-coated slides, whereas cell rounding was abrogated in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine or the endothelin B receptor antagonist, BQ-788. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in the culture supernatant increased markedly within minutes of Trap-14 exposure with a concomitant loss in cellular ET-1 immunoreactivity. Importantly, loss of ET-1 immunoreactivity was blocked by pretreatment with the vesicle translocation inhibitor, nocodazole. Trap-14 potently induced the release of NO from THP-1 cells, whereas NO release was ablated by preincubation with BQ-788. These data demonstrate that thrombin receptor activation may inhibit cellular spreading as a result of autocrine ET-1 release and subsequent endothelin B receptor-dependent NO production, and suggest that initial exposure of inflammatory cells to thrombin may limit cellular activation and recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Srivastava
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate School, City University of New York, Flushing 11367, USA
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King JM, Srivastava KD, Stefano GB, Bilfinger TV, Bahou WF, Magazine HI. Human monocyte adhesion is modulated by endothelin B receptor-coupled nitric oxide release. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.158.2.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Human monocytes have the capacity to produce both endothelin 1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO), yet the roles of these mediators in monocyte function remain unclear. The relationship of ET-1 and NO release to monocyte adhesion was explored using peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and the human monocytic cell lines THP-1 and U937. Specific binding of 125I-labeled ET-1 to THP-1 was abrogated by pretreatment with the endothelin B (ET(B)) receptor antagonist, BQ-788, but not by the endothelin A (ET(A)) receptor antagonist, BQ-123, consistent with predominant ET(B) receptor expression. Direct measurement of NO with an amperometric probe demonstrated the production of nanomolar concentrations of NO by PBM and THP-1 cells upon treatment with ET-1, which was abrogated by BQ-788, but not BQ-123, pretreatment, suggesting functional coupling of ET(B) receptors to NO release. Indeed, the presence of ET(B) receptor mRNA transcripts was detected in THP-1 and is consistent with previous reports that have demonstrated functional coupling of ET(B) receptors to constitutive NO synthase activation. In contrast, U937 cells did not release NO in response to ET-1 treatment, and mRNA transcripts were not detected in these cells, consistent their failure to bind 125I-labeled ET-1, as previously determined. Exposure of PBM to ET-1 markedly reduced the adhesion of these cells to human saphenous vein, whereas PBM adhesion in the presence of BQ-788 was restored to control levels. These data demonstrate that PBM interactions with the vascular wall can be reduced by autocrine production of NO and suggest that ET(B) receptors may attenuate monocyte activity at sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M King
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, Flushing 11367, USA
| | - K D Srivastava
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, Flushing 11367, USA
| | - G B Stefano
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, Flushing 11367, USA
| | - T V Bilfinger
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, Flushing 11367, USA
| | - W F Bahou
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, Flushing 11367, USA
| | - H I Magazine
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, Flushing 11367, USA
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King JM, Srivastava KD, Stefano GB, Bilfinger TV, Bahou WF, Magazine HI. Human monocyte adhesion is modulated by endothelin B receptor-coupled nitric oxide release. J Immunol 1997; 158:880-6. [PMID: 8993007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human monocytes have the capacity to produce both endothelin 1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO), yet the roles of these mediators in monocyte function remain unclear. The relationship of ET-1 and NO release to monocyte adhesion was explored using peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and the human monocytic cell lines THP-1 and U937. Specific binding of 125I-labeled ET-1 to THP-1 was abrogated by pretreatment with the endothelin B (ET(B)) receptor antagonist, BQ-788, but not by the endothelin A (ET(A)) receptor antagonist, BQ-123, consistent with predominant ET(B) receptor expression. Direct measurement of NO with an amperometric probe demonstrated the production of nanomolar concentrations of NO by PBM and THP-1 cells upon treatment with ET-1, which was abrogated by BQ-788, but not BQ-123, pretreatment, suggesting functional coupling of ET(B) receptors to NO release. Indeed, the presence of ET(B) receptor mRNA transcripts was detected in THP-1 and is consistent with previous reports that have demonstrated functional coupling of ET(B) receptors to constitutive NO synthase activation. In contrast, U937 cells did not release NO in response to ET-1 treatment, and mRNA transcripts were not detected in these cells, consistent their failure to bind 125I-labeled ET-1, as previously determined. Exposure of PBM to ET-1 markedly reduced the adhesion of these cells to human saphenous vein, whereas PBM adhesion in the presence of BQ-788 was restored to control levels. These data demonstrate that PBM interactions with the vascular wall can be reduced by autocrine production of NO and suggest that ET(B) receptors may attenuate monocyte activity at sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M King
- Department of Biology, Queens College and Graduate School of the City University of New York, Flushing 11367, USA
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26
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Abstract
The role of endothelin (ET) receptors in thrombin-induced modulation of vascular tone was evaluated by direct measurement of ET-1 and ET receptor-coupled nitric oxide (NO) release and developed isometric tension in thrombin-treated aortic rings. Here we report that rapid release of ET-1 and subsequent ETB receptor activation are required for production of the potent vasodilator NO by thrombin-stimulated aorta. Thrombin-induced NO release is ablated by pretreatment with ETB receptor antagonists or after ET receptor desensitization by repeated stimulation with ET-1. Thrombin-induced relaxation of precontracted vessels was abrogated in the presence of ETB receptor antagonists and, in contrast, marked contraction to thrombin was observed. These data indicate that the endothelium-dependent vasodilator activity previously attributed to thrombin is indirect and requires ETB receptor-coupled NO release and suggest that ET receptor modulation of thrombin-induced vascular tone may contribute to the increased vasomotor tone observed in diseased and mechanically injured vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Magazine
- Department of Biology, Queens College, Flushing, New York, USA
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Abstract
The effect of agonists of the known protease activated receptors (PAR), the thrombin and the PAR-2 receptors, on vasoactive mediator release and vascular tone were studied using rings of rat aorta. Stimulation of aortic rings with the thrombin receptor agonist, Trap-14, or the PAR-2 agonist, SLIGRL, resulted in a rapid release of nitric oxide. Trap-14 and SLIGRL-induced nitric oxide release was reduced by pre-treatment with BQ-788, an ETB endothelin receptor-specific antagonist. Consistent with a role for endothelin-1 receptor activation in Trap-14 and SLIGRL-induced nitric oxide release, endothelin-1 levels were increased significantly following 5 min treatment of aortic rings with Trap-14 or SLIGRL. Cumulative addition of Trap-14 to aortic rings denuded of endothelium resulted in dose-dependent contraction with an EC50 value of 23 +/- 5 microM, whereas SLIGRL addition failed to induce aortic contraction. These data suggest that the known protease activated receptors are functionally coupled to nitric oxide release. In addition, the thrombin receptor appears to modulate both vasodilator and contractile responses, whereas the PAR-2 receptor is linked only to vasodilation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Endothelin A
- Receptor, PAR-2
- Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Endothelin/physiology
- Receptors, Thrombin/drug effects
- Receptors, Thrombin/physiology
- Vasodilation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Magazine
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing 11367, USA. HIM$
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