A Community-Based Educational Intervention: Increasing Medication Adherence in Rural Older Adults

PURPOSE

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based, interdisciplinary, medication education intervention for rural older adults.

METHODS

The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design. Self-efficacy, adherence to refills and medication, and knowledge were examined. An educational intervention was conducted with each participant on their prescribed medications.

FINDINGS

Mean scores for the adherence to refills and medication subscale decreased from 9.9 to 8.5 (p = .003) indicating improved adherence. Mean scores for the knowledge subscale increased from 21.8 to 22.4 (p = .192).

CONCLUSIONS

Results suggest a community-based, interdisciplinary, individualized medication education intervention could increase medication adherence in rural older adults.

INCREASING MEDICATION SAFETY AWARENESS IN RURAL OLDER ADULTS

Compared to urban populations, rural residents have a higher incidence of chronic diseases and poorer health outcomes. Most medications in the United States are consumed by older adults who are more susceptible to adverse drug events due to the presence of multiple chronic conditions and physiologic changes in the body. This community-based project evaluated the impact of an interdisciplinary medication education intervention on medication knowledge and adherence to medications and refills. The study was a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design with a convenience sample. The project was marketed via a multi-media approach. Most participants reported learning of the event at a senior center. Each participant received a private educational session for their specific medications with a nurse practitioner, pharmacist, or pharmacy resident. Forty-nine older adults participated in the study with 48 (97.9%) completing both the pretest and posttest. The average age of participants was 71.4 years and the average number of medications per participant was 5.4. There was a statistically significant difference in the adherence to medication and refills subscale score (p = .003). There was no statistically significant difference in the medication knowledge subscale (p = .192), however, the scores did trend upward indicating an increase in medication knowledge. Forty-four (89.8%) participants reported they were more comfortable understanding their medication since participating in the program and 48 (98%) reported they would recommend the program to others. The results of this study suggest community-based outreach medication educational programs can increase adherence to medication and refills for older adults residing in rural areas.

Occupational Skin Disease Prevention: An Educational Intervention for Hairdresser Cosmetology Students

Cosmetologists frequently develop occupational skin disease related to workplace exposures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an educational intervention to increase cosmetology students’ occupational skin disease knowledge and use of preventive practices. A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate students’ knowledge, behaviors, intentions, expectancies, and expectations. A 20-minute verbal presentation and printed two-page educational handout were provided for participants. Statistically significant increases in knowledge, frequency of glove use, and frequency of moisturizer use were found, but the frequency of handwashing did not increase. In addition, the Behavioral Strategies subscale, the Intention subscale, and the Expectancies subscale showed statistically significant improvements. The results of this study suggest an educational intervention can increase cosmetology students’ knowledge of occupational skin diseases and their use of preventive strategies.