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Durmaz K, Misbach M, Danoy A, Salvi JP, Bloch E, Bourrelly S, Verrier B, Sohier J. An innovative Fuller's earth-based film-forming formulation for skin decontamination, through removal and entrapment of an organophosphorus compound, paraoxon-ethyl. J Hazard Mater 2024; 470:134190. [PMID: 38593659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs), such as VX, pose a significant threat due to their neurotoxic and hazardous properties. Skin decontamination is essential to avoid irreversible effects. Fuller's earth (FE), a phyllosilicate conventionally employed in powder form, has demonstrated decontamination capacity against OPs. The aim of this study was to develop a formulation that forms a film on the skin, with a significant OP removal capacity (>95 %) coupled with sequestration capabilities, favorable drying time and mechanical properties to allow for easy application and removal, particularly in emergency context. Various formulations were prepared using different concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), FE and surfactants. Their removal and sequestration capacity was tested using paraoxon-ethyl (POX), a chemical that simulates the behavior of VX. Formulations with removal capacity levels surpassing 95 % were mechanically characterized and cell viability assays were performed on Normal Human Dermal Fibroblast (NHDF). The four most promising formulations were used to assess decontamination efficacy on pig ear skin explants. These formulations showed decontamination levels ranging from 84.4 ± 4.7 % to 96.5 ± 1.3 %, which is equivalent to current decontamination methods. These results suggest that this technology could be a novel and effective tool for skin decontamination following exposure to OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kardelen Durmaz
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Magaly Misbach
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Alix Danoy
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Salvi
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Emily Bloch
- UMR 7246: Laboratoire MADIREL, CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille, 52 avenue Escadrille Normandie - Niemen, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Bourrelly
- UMR 7246: Laboratoire MADIREL, CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille, 52 avenue Escadrille Normandie - Niemen, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jerome Sohier
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France.
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Danoy A, Durmaz K, Paoletti M, Vachez L, Roul A, Sohier J, Verrier B. Aqueous suspensions of Fuller's earth potentiate the adsorption capacities of paraoxon and improve skin decontamination properties. J Hazard Mater 2022; 425:127714. [PMID: 34896712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fuller's earth (FE) is a phyllosilicate used as a powder for household or skin decontamination due to its adsorbent properties. Recent studies have shown that water suspensions exhibit similar adsorbent capacities. FE is heterogeneous due to its composition of elementary clay aggregates and heavy metal particles. Here, FE toxicity was assessed in vitro on skin cells and in vivo on Danio rerio embryos. Among the suspensions tested (5%, 9.1% and 15% w/w), only the highest one shows weak toxicity. Suspensions were tested for ex vivo dermal decontamination into pig ear skin and human abdominal skin using diffusion cells and paraoxon as organophosphorus contaminant. After 24 h of diffusion, no difference was observed in the paraoxon concentration in the receptor compartment whether the decontamination was carried out with FE in powder or in suspension form. In presence of FE suspensions, we observed the disappearance of paraoxon from the stratum corneum, the reservoir compartment, independently of the suspensions' concentration. We suggest that water potentiates the absorbing capacities of FE powder by intercalating between clay lamellas leading to the appearance of new adsorption zones and swelling. These data support the use of FE aqueous suspensions as a safe tool for organophosphorus skin decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Danoy
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS / Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Kardelen Durmaz
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS / Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Margaux Paoletti
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS / Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Laetitia Vachez
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS / Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Annick Roul
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS / Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Pôle Santé, Direction Générale de la Sécurité Civile et de la Gestion des Crises, Ministère de l'Intérieur Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Sohier
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS / Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- UMR 5305: Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, CNRS / Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Özkur E, Karadağ AS, Üstüner P, Aksoy B, Eşme P, Çalışkan E, Akoğlu G, Kalkan G, Demirseren DD, Polat M, Ozden MG, Kılınç F, Yalçınkaya İyidal A, Kıvanç Altunay İ, Türkmen M, Uğurer E, Baysak S, Fettahlıoğlu Karaman B, Mammadlı K, Baykal Selçuk L, Türkoğlu Z, Atcı T, Didar Balcı D, Adışen E, Temel B, Aktan Ş, Kaçar N, Gündüz K, Türel Ermertcan A, Özdemir M, Ünal Çakıter A, Çölgeçen E, Uçmak D, Kelekçi H, Ataseven A, Durmaz K, Kaya Özden H, Engin B, Yazıcı S, Alpsoy E. Clinical and demographic features of hidradenitis suppurativa: a multicentre study of 1221 patients with an analysis of risk factors associated with disease severity. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:532-540. [PMID: 33030217 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, relapsing and debilitating inflammatory disease associated with profound morbidity. AIM In this multicentre study, we investigated the demographic and clinical features of HS, and determined risk factors of disease severity. METHODS In total, 1221 patients diagnosed with HS from 29 centres were enrolled, and the medical records of each patient were reviewed. RESULTS The mean age of disease onset was 26.2 ± 10.4 years, and almost 70% (n = 849) of patients were current or former smokers. Mean disease duration was 8.9 ± 8.4 years with a delay in diagnosis of 5.8 ± 3.91 years. Just over a fifth (21%; n = 256) of patients had a family history of HS. The axillary, genital and neck regions were more frequently affected in men than in women, and the inframammary region was more frequently affected in women than in men (P < 0.05 for all). Acne (40.8%), pilonidal sinus (23.6%) and diabetes mellitus (12.6%) were the most prevalent associated diseases. Of the various therapies used, antibiotics (76.4%) were most common followed by retinoids (41.7%), surgical interventions (32.0%) and biologic agents (15.4%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important determinants of disease severity were male sex (OR = 2.21) and involvement of the genitals (OR = 3.39) and inguinal region (OR = 2.25). More severe disease was associated with comorbidity, longer disease duration, longer diagnosis delay and a higher number of smoking pack-years. CONCLUSIONS Our nationwide cohort study found demographic and clinical variation in HS, which may help broaden the understanding of HS and factors associated with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Özkur
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A S Karadağ
- Department of Dermatology, Medeniyet University Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - P Üstüner
- Department of Dermatology, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Aksoy
- Department of Dermatology, Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,VM Medical Park Kocaeli Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - P Eşme
- Department of Dermatology, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Çalışkan
- Department of Dermatology, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - G Akoğlu
- Department of Dermatology, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - G Kalkan
- Department of Dermatology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - D D Demirseren
- Department of Dermatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Polat
- Department of Dermatology, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - M G Ozden
- Department of Dermatology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - F Kılınç
- Department of Dermatology, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - A Yalçınkaya İyidal
- Department of Dermatology, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İ Kıvanç Altunay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Türkmen
- Department of Dermatology, İzmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E Uğurer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Baysak
- Department of Dermatology, Sultan Abdülhamit Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - K Mammadlı
- Department of Dermatology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - L Baykal Selçuk
- Department of Dermatology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Z Türkoğlu
- Department of Dermatology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T Atcı
- Department of Dermatology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Didar Balcı
- Department of Dermatology, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E Adışen
- Department of Dermatology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Temel
- Department of Dermatology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ş Aktan
- Department of Dermatology, Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - N Kaçar
- Department of Dermatology, Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - K Gündüz
- Department of Dermatology, Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
| | - A Türel Ermertcan
- Department of Dermatology, Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
| | - M Özdemir
- Department of Dermatology, Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ünal Çakıter
- Department of Dermatology, Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Çölgeçen
- Department of Dermatology, Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - D Uçmak
- Department of Dermatology, Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - H Kelekçi
- Department of Dermatology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmır, Turkey
| | - A Ataseven
- Department of Dermatology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - K Durmaz
- Department of Dermatology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - H Kaya Özden
- Department of Dermatology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - B Engin
- Department of Dermatology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Yazıcı
- Department of Dermatology, Uludağ University, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - E Alpsoy
- Department of Dermatology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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