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Reis NM, Needs SH, Jegouic SM, Gill KK, Sirivisoot S, Howard S, Kempe J, Bola S, Al-Hakeem K, Jones IM, Prommool T, Luangaram P, Avirutnan P, Puttikhunt C, Edwards AD. Gravity-Driven Microfluidic Siphons: Fluidic Characterization and Application to Quantitative Immunoassays. ACS Sens 2021; 6:4338-4348. [PMID: 34854666 PMCID: PMC8728737 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A range of biosensing techniques including immunoassays are routinely used for quantitation of analytes in biological samples and available in a range of formats, from centralized lab testing (e.g., microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) to automated point-of-care (POC) and lateral flow immunochromatographic tests. High analytical performance is intrinsically linked to the use of a sequence of reagent and washing steps, yet this is extremely challenging to deliver at the POC without a high level of fluidic control involving, e.g., automation, fluidic pumping, or manual fluid handling/pipetting. Here we introduce a microfluidic siphon concept that conceptualizes a multistep ″dipstick″ for quantitative, enzymatically amplified immunoassays using a strip of microporous or microbored material. We demonstrated that gravity-driven siphon flow can be realized in single-bore glass capillaries, a multibored microcapillary film, and a glass fiber porous membrane. In contrast to other POC devices proposed to date, the operation of the siphon is only dependent on the hydrostatic liquid pressure (gravity) and not capillary forces, and the unique stepwise approach to the delivery of the sample and immunoassay reagents results in zero dead volume in the device, no reagent overlap or carryover, and full start/stop fluid control. We demonstrated applications of a 10-bore microfluidic siphon as a portable ELISA system without compromised quantitative capabilities in two global diagnostic applications: (1) a four-plex sandwich ELISA for rapid smartphone dengue serotype identification by serotype-specific dengue virus NS1 antigen detection, relevant for acute dengue fever diagnosis, and (2) quantitation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM titers in spiked serum samples. Diagnostic siphons provide the opportunity for high-performance immunoassay testing outside sophisticated laboratories, meeting the rapidly changing global clinical and public health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. Reis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Biosensors, Biodevices and
Bioelectronics (C3Bio), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah H. Needs
- Reading
School of Pharmacy, University of Reading,
Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6AD United Kingdom
| | - Sophie M. Jegouic
- Reading
School of Pharmacy, University of Reading,
Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6AD United Kingdom
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Reading,
Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kirandeep K. Gill
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Biosensors, Biodevices and
Bioelectronics (C3Bio), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Sirintra Sirivisoot
- Dengue
Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development,
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol
University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Scott Howard
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Biosensors, Biodevices and
Bioelectronics (C3Bio), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Kempe
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Biosensors, Biodevices and
Bioelectronics (C3Bio), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Shaan Bola
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Biosensors, Biodevices and
Bioelectronics (C3Bio), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Kareem Al-Hakeem
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Biosensors, Biodevices and
Bioelectronics (C3Bio), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Jones
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Reading,
Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tanapan Prommool
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology, National Science and
Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 73170, Thailand
| | - Prasit Luangaram
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology, National Science and
Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 73170, Thailand
| | - Panisadee Avirutnan
- Dengue
Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development,
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol
University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology, National Science and
Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 73170, Thailand
- Siriraj Center
of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of
Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chunya Puttikhunt
- Dengue
Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development,
Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol
University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
- Molecular
Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular
Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering
and Biotechnology, National Science and
Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 73170, Thailand
- Siriraj Center
of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of
Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Alexander D. Edwards
- Reading
School of Pharmacy, University of Reading,
Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6AD United Kingdom
| |
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