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Lausch KR, Søgaard M, Rosenvinge FS, Johansen HK, Boysen T, Røder B, Mortensen KL, Nielsen L, Lemming L, Olesen B, Leitz C, Kristensen L, Dzajic E, Østergaard L, Schønheyder HC, Arendrup MC. High incidence of candidaemia in a nationwide cohort: Underlying diseases, risk factors and mortality. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 76:58-63. [PMID: 30176293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Denmark has a high incidence rate of candidaemia. A Nordic study suggested a higher Danish prevalence of haematological malignancies as an underlying reason. This nationwide study ascertained clinical characteristics of Danish candidaemia patients and investigated potential factors contributing to the high incidence and mortality. METHODS Microbiological and clinical data for candidaemia patients in 2010-2011 were retrieved. 30-day mortality was estimated by hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI, Cox regression). RESULTS Data were available for 912/973 candidaemia episodes (93.7%). Intensive care unit (ICU) held the largest share of patients (43.2%). Prevalent host factors were multi-morbidity (≥2 underlying diseases, 74.2%) and gastrointestinal disease (52.5%). Haematological disease was infrequent (7.8%). Risk factors included antibiotic exposure (90.5%), CVC (71.9%) and Candida colonisation (66.7%). 30-day mortality was 43.4%, and 53.6% in ICU. Mortality was lower for patients with recent abdominal surgery (HR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54-0.92). CONCLUSION A substantial prevalence of multi-morbidity and a high 30-day mortality was found. We hypothesise, that an increasing population of severely ill patients with prolonged supportive treatment and microbiological testing may in part explain the high candidaemia incidence in Denmark. Nationwide studies are warranted to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Lausch
- Dpt. of Infectious Disease, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - M Søgaard
- Dpt. of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Dpt. of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - F S Rosenvinge
- Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Denmark
| | - H K Johansen
- Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Boysen
- Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - B Røder
- Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Sygehus, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - K L Mortensen
- Dpt. of Infectious Disease, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L Nielsen
- Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - L Lemming
- Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Olesen
- Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - C Leitz
- Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Viborg Regionshospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - L Kristensen
- Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Herning Regionshospital, Denmark
| | - E Dzajic
- Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Sydvestjysk Sygehus, Denmark
| | - L Østergaard
- Dpt. of Infectious Disease, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - H C Schønheyder
- Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Dpt. of Clinical Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M C Arendrup
- Dpt. of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dpt. of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Benn CS, Diness BR, Balde I, Rodrigues A, Lausch KR, Martins CL, Fisker AB, Aaby P. Two different doses of supplemental vitamin A did not affect mortality of normal-birth-weight neonates in Guinea-Bissau in a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr 2014; 144:1474-9. [PMID: 24991044 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.192674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether neonatal vitamin A supplementation (NVAS) should be policy in areas with vitamin A deficiency is debated. We observed that a smaller dose of vitamin A may decrease mortality more than a larger dose and conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Guinea-Bissau with the primary aim of comparing the effect of 50,000 with 25,000 IU neonatal vitamin A on infant mortality. The secondary aim was to study the effect of NVAS vs. placebo, including a combined analysis of NVAS trials. Between 2004 and 2007, normal-birth-weight neonates were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to be administered 2 different doses of vitamin A (50,000 or 25,000 IU) or placebo. Infant mortality rates (MRs) were compared in Cox models providing MR ratios (MRRs). Among 6048 children enrolled, there were 160 deaths in 4125 person-years (MR = 39/1000). There was no difference in mortality between the 2 dosage groups: the MRR for 25,000 vs. 50,000 IU was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.67, 1.38). Neither dose of NVAS was associated with lower mortality than placebo (MRR = 1.28; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.81). In a combined analysis of the present trial and 2 previous NVAS trials in Guinea-Bissau, the effect of receiving NVAS (any dose) vs. placebo was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.36) and differed significantly (P = 0.01) between boys (0.80; 95% CI: 0.58, 1.09) and girls (1.35; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.75). We could not confirm that a smaller dose of neonatal vitamin A reduces mortality more than a larger dose. We confirmed 2 other trials in Guinea-Bissau that showed no beneficial effect of NVAS. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00168610.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S Benn
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgitte R Diness
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ibraima Balde
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; and
| | | | - Karen R Lausch
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ane B Fisker
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Aaby
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; and
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Storm L, Lausch KR, Arendrup MC, Mortensen KL, Petersen E. Vertebral infection with Candida albicans failing caspofungin and fluconazole combination therapy but successfully treated with high dose liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine. Med Mycol Case Rep 2014; 6:6-9. [PMID: 25379389 PMCID: PMC4216330 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A patient with Candida spondylitis failed two weeks of fluconazole combined with caspofungin, and the infection relapsed despite six weeks of liposomal amphotericin B followed by two months of fluconazole. Six months therapy with high dose liposomal amphotericin B combined with flucytosine effectively cured the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Storm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, 100 Brendstrupgaardsvej, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Karen R Lausch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, 100 Brendstrupgaardsvej, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Maiken C Arendrup
- Unit of Mycology, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Klaus L Mortensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, 100 Brendstrupgaardsvej, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Eskild Petersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, 100 Brendstrupgaardsvej, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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