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Siraji MA, Lazar RR, van Duijnhoven J, Schlangen LJM, Haque S, Kalavally V, Vetter C, Glickman GL, Smolders KCHJ, Spitschan M. An inventory of human light exposure behaviour. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22151. [PMID: 38092767 PMCID: PMC10719384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Light exposure is an essential driver of health and well-being, and individual behaviours during rest and activity modulate physiologically relevant aspects of light exposure. Further understanding the behaviours that influence individual photic exposure patterns may provide insight into the volitional contributions to the physiological effects of light and guide behavioural points of intervention. Here, we present a novel, self-reported and psychometrically validated inventory to capture light exposure-related behaviour, the Light Exposure Behaviour Assessment (LEBA). An expert panel prepared the initial 48-item pool spanning different light exposure-related behaviours. Responses, consisting of rating the frequency of engaging in the per-item behaviour on a five-point Likert-type scale, were collected in an online survey yielding responses from a geographically unconstrained sample (690 completed responses, 74 countries, 28 time zones). The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on an initial subsample (n = 428) rendered a five-factor solution with 25 items (wearing blue light filters, spending time outdoors, using a phone and smartwatch in bed, using light before bedtime, using light in the morning and during daytime). In a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) performed on an independent subset of participants (n = 262), we removed two additional items to attain the best fit for the five-factor solution (CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.06). The internal consistency reliability coefficient for the total instrument yielded McDonald's Omega = 0.68. Measurement model invariance analysis between native and non-native English speakers showed our model attained the highest level of invariance (residual invariance CFI = 0.95, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.05). Lastly, a short form of the LEBA (n = 18 items) was developed using Item Response Theory on the complete sample (n = 690). The psychometric properties of the LEBA indicate the usability for measuring light exposure-related behaviours. The instrument may offer a scalable solution to characterise behaviours that influence individual photic exposure patterns in remote samples. The LEBA inventory is available under the open-access CC-BY license. Instrument webpage: https://leba-instrument.org/ GitHub repository containing this manuscript: https://github.com/leba-instrument/leba-manuscript .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiqul Anwar Siraji
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of History and Philosophy, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rafael Robert Lazar
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
- Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juliëtte van Duijnhoven
- Department of the Built Environment, Building Lighting, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J M Schlangen
- Intelligent Lighting Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Human-Technology Interaction, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Shamsul Haque
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vineetha Kalavally
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
- IQVIA GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gena L Glickman
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Karin C H J Smolders
- Intelligent Lighting Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Human-Technology Interaction, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- TUM Institute of Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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Klein RA, Vianello M, Hasselman F, Adams BG, Adams RB, Alper S, Aveyard M, Axt JR, Babalola MT, Bahník Š, Batra R, Berkics M, Bernstein MJ, Berry DR, Bialobrzeska O, Binan ED, Bocian K, Brandt MJ, Busching R, Rédei AC, Cai H, Cambier F, Cantarero K, Carmichael CL, Ceric F, Chandler J, Chang JH, Chatard A, Chen EE, Cheong W, Cicero DC, Coen S, Coleman JA, Collisson B, Conway MA, Corker KS, Curran PG, Cushman F, Dagona ZK, Dalgar I, Dalla Rosa A, Davis WE, de Bruijn M, De Schutter L, Devos T, de Vries M, Doğulu C, Dozo N, Dukes KN, Dunham Y, Durrheim K, Ebersole CR, Edlund JE, Eller A, English AS, Finck C, Frankowska N, Freyre MÁ, Friedman M, Galliani EM, Gandi JC, Ghoshal T, Giessner SR, Gill T, Gnambs T, Gómez Á, González R, Graham J, Grahe JE, Grahek I, Green EGT, Hai K, Haigh M, Haines EL, Hall MP, Heffernan ME, Hicks JA, Houdek P, Huntsinger JR, Huynh HP, IJzerman H, Inbar Y, Innes-Ker ÅH, Jiménez-Leal W, John MS, Joy-Gaba JA, Kamiloğlu RG, Kappes HB, Karabati S, Karick H, Keller VN, Kende A, Kervyn N, Knežević G, Kovacs C, Krueger LE, Kurapov G, Kurtz J, Lakens D, Lazarević LB, Levitan CA, Lewis NA, Lins S, Lipsey NP, Losee JE, Maassen E, Maitner AT, Malingumu W, Mallett RK, Marotta SA, Međedović J, Mena-Pacheco F, Milfont TL, Morris WL, Murphy SC, Myachykov A, Neave N, Neijenhuijs K, Nelson AJ, Neto F, Lee Nichols A, Ocampo A, O’Donnell SL, Oikawa H, Oikawa M, Ong E, Orosz G, Osowiecka M, Packard G, Pérez-Sánchez R, Petrović B, Pilati R, Pinter B, Podesta L, Pogge G, Pollmann MMH, Rutchick AM, Saavedra P, Saeri AK, Salomon E, Schmidt K, Schönbrodt FD, Sekerdej MB, Sirlopú D, Skorinko JLM, Smith MA, Smith-Castro V, Smolders KCHJ, Sobkow A, Sowden W, Spachtholz P, Srivastava M, Steiner TG, Stouten J, Street CNH, Sundfelt OK, Szeto S, Szumowska E, Tang ACW, Tanzer N, Tear MJ, Theriault J, Thomae M, Torres D, Traczyk J, Tybur JM, Ujhelyi A, van Aert RCM, van Assen MALM, van der Hulst M, van Lange PAM, van ’t Veer AE, Vásquez- Echeverría A, Ann Vaughn L, Vázquez A, Vega LD, Verniers C, Verschoor M, Voermans IPJ, Vranka MA, Welch C, Wichman AL, Williams LA, Wood M, Woodzicka JA, Wronska MK, Young L, Zelenski JM, Zhijia Z, Nosek BA. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2515245918810225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance ( p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion ( p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Klein
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP/PC2S), Université Grenoble Alpes
| | - Michelangelo Vianello
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua
| | - Fred Hasselman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen
| | - Byron G. Adams
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg
| | | | | | - Mark Aveyard
- Department of International Studies, American University of Sharjah
| | | | | | - Štěpán Bahník
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Economics, Prague
| | - Rishtee Batra
- Erivan K. Haub School of Business, Saint Joseph’s University
| | | | - Michael J. Bernstein
- Psychological and Social Sciences Program, Pennsylvania State University Abington
| | - Daniel R. Berry
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos
| | - Olga Bialobrzeska
- Warsaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | - Konrad Bocian
- Sopot Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | | | | | - Huajian Cai
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Fanny Cambier
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations (LouRIM), Université catholique de Louvain
- Center on Consumers and Marketing Strategy (CCMS), Université catholique de Louvain
| | - Katarzyna Cantarero
- Social Behavior Research Centre, Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | - Francisco Ceric
- Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad del Desarrollo
- Centro de Apego y Regulacion Emocional, Universidad del Desarrollo
| | - Jesse Chandler
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
- Mathematica Policy Research, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Jen-Ho Chang
- Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University
| | - Armand Chatard
- Department of Psychology, Poitiers University
- CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 7295, Poitiers, France
| | - Eva E. Chen
- Division of Social Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | | | | | - Sharon Coen
- Directorate of Psychology and Public Health, University of Salford
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ilker Dalgar
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University
| | - Anna Dalla Rosa
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua
| | | | | | - Leander De Schutter
- Leadership and Human Resource Management, WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management
| | - Thierry Devos
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
| | - Marieke de Vries
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen
- Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen
- Tilburg Institute for Behavioral Economics Research, Tilburg University
| | | | - Nerisa Dozo
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland
| | | | | | - Kevin Durrheim
- School of Applied Human Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal
| | | | - John E. Edlund
- Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology
| | - Anja Eller
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | | | - Carolyn Finck
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia
| | - Natalia Frankowska
- Warsaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | - Mike Friedman
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations (LouRIM), Université catholique de Louvain
- Center on Consumers and Marketing Strategy (CCMS), Université catholique de Louvain
| | - Elisa Maria Galliani
- Department of Political and Juridical Sciences and International Studies, University of Padua
| | - Joshua C. Gandi
- Department of General and Applied Psychology, University of Jos
| | - Tanuka Ghoshal
- Department of Marketing and International Business, Baruch College, CUNY
| | - Steffen R. Giessner
- Department of Organisation and Personnel Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University
| | - Tripat Gill
- Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University
| | - Timo Gnambs
- Educational Measurement, Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Bamberg, Germany
- Institute of Education and Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz
| | - Ángel Gómez
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Grahek
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University
| | - Eva G. T. Green
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne
| | - Kakul Hai
- Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University
| | | | | | | | - Marie E. Heffernan
- Smith Child Health Research, Outreach, and Advocacy Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joshua A. Hicks
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University
| | - Petr Houdek
- Department of Economics and Management, Faculty of Social and Economic Studies, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University
| | | | - Ho Phi Huynh
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University-San Antonio
| | - Hans IJzerman
- Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP/PC2S), Université Grenoble Alpes
| | - Yoel Inbar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough
| | | | | | - Melissa-Sue John
- Department of Social Science and Policy Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
| | | | | | | | - Serdar Karabati
- Department of Business Administration, Istanbul Bilgi University
| | - Haruna Karick
- Warsaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
- Department of General and Applied Psychology, University of Jos
| | - Victor N. Keller
- Department of Social and Work Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Brasilia
| | - Anna Kende
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | - Nicolas Kervyn
- Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations (LouRIM), Université catholique de Louvain
- Center on Consumers and Marketing Strategy (CCMS), Université catholique de Louvain
| | - Goran Knežević
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
| | - Carrie Kovacs
- Department of Work, Organizational and Media Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz
| | - Lacy E. Krueger
- Department of Psychology & Special Education, Texas A&M University-Commerce
| | - German Kurapov
- International Victimology Institute Tilburg, Tilburg University
| | - Jamie Kurtz
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University
| | - Daniël Lakens
- School of Innovation Science, Eindhoven University of Technology
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Lins
- Department of Psychology, University of Porto
| | | | | | - Esther Maassen
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University
| | | | - Winfrida Malingumu
- Department of Education Policy Planning and Administration, Faculty of Education, Open University of Tanzania
| | | | | | - Janko Međedović
- Faculty of Media and Communications, Singidunum University
- Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Taciano L. Milfont
- Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, Victoria University of Wellington
| | | | - Sean C. Murphy
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne
| | | | - Nick Neave
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University
| | - Koen Neijenhuijs
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Félix Neto
- Department of Psychology, University of Porto
| | | | - Aaron Ocampo
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Latina de Costa Rica
| | | | | | | | - Elsie Ong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Professional and Continuing Education (LiPACE), The Open University of Hong Kong
| | - Gábor Orosz
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University
| | | | - Grant Packard
- Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University
| | | | - Boban Petrović
- Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ronaldo Pilati
- Department of Social and Work Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Brasilia
| | - Brad Pinter
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Lysandra Podesta
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander K. Saeri
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University
| | - Erika Salomon
- Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago
| | - Kathleen Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Agata Sobkow
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | - Walter Sowden
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Manini Srivastava
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science and Physical Education, University of Regensburg
| | | | - Jeroen Stouten
- Occupational & Organisational Psychology and Professional Learning, KU Leuven
| | | | | | - Stephanie Szeto
- Directorate of Psychology and Public Health, University of Salford
| | - Ewa Szumowska
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków
| | - Andrew C. W. Tang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Professional and Continuing Education (LiPACE), The Open University of Hong Kong
| | | | - Morgan J. Tear
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University
| | | | | | - David Torres
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Iberoamerica
| | - Jakub Traczyk
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | - Joshua M. Tybur
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | - Adrienn Ujhelyi
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | | | - Marije van der Hulst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Vázquez
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
| | | | - Catherine Verniers
- Institute of Psychology, Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Mark Verschoor
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Groningen
| | | | - Marek A. Vranka
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University
| | - Cheryl Welch
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University
| | - Aaron L. Wichman
- Department of Psychological Science, Western Kentucky University
| | | | - Michael Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Winchester
| | | | - Marta K. Wronska
- Sopot Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
| | | | | | - Zeng Zhijia
- Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics
| | - Brian A. Nosek
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia
- Center for Open Science, Charlottesville, Virginia
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