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Kruyt LM, van der Ploeg JM, Lammers K, van Etten-Debruijn BA, Niemeijer AS, Hakvoort RA. Pessaries for pelvic organ prolapse: evaluation of vaginal discharge and pain during pessary cleaning in an outpatient setting. Int Urogynecol J 2024; 35:333-339. [PMID: 37796331 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-023-05648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Pessary treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is effective and safe, but long-term continuation is low. Pain and vaginal discharge may play a role. This study was aimed at evaluating vaginal discharge and pain during pessary cleaning in an outpatient setting and in continuous pessary use. METHODS Women with POP who attended the outpatient clinic for pessary cleaning between January and October 2021 were included. Primary outcome was pain during removal and reinsertion of the pessary, measured by an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS). Secondary outcome was vaginal discharge, measured by the NRS and Patient Global Impression of Change scale (PGI-C). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify associated variables for pain and discharge. RESULTS A total of 150 women were included. Mean NRS during pessary removal was 4.3 (± 2.7), with 25% of women scoring a 7 or higher. Mean NRS during reinsertion was 1.8 (± 2.0). A smaller genital hiatus and presence of vaginal atrophy or vulvar skin disease were associated with pain during pessary removal. Mean NRS for vaginal discharge was 2.5 (± 2.3). Twenty-five percent of women reported that their vaginal discharge was "(very) much worse" than before they used a pessary. Presence of vaginal erosions was associated with vaginal discharge in this study population. CONCLUSIONS Removing a pessary in an outpatient setting is a painful procedure for many women who use a pessary continuously. Moreover, 25% of these women experience an increase in vaginal discharge while using a pessary. Future research should focus on reducing these disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Kruyt
- Department Obstetrics & Gynecology, Martini Hospital, PO Box 30033, 9700 RM, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - J Marinus van der Ploeg
- Department Obstetrics & Gynecology, Martini Hospital, PO Box 30033, 9700 RM, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Lammers
- Department Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ommelander Hospital, Scheemda, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robert A Hakvoort
- Department Obstetrics & Gynecology, Martini Hospital, PO Box 30033, 9700 RM, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Moore KH, Lammers K, Allen W, Parkin K, te West N. Does monthly self-management of vaginal ring pessaries reduce the rate of adverse events? A clinical audit. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2022; 16:100164. [PMID: 36120118 PMCID: PMC9474312 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2022.100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the rate of adverse events (AE) in women who self-manage their vaginal ring pessary on a monthly basis. We hypothesised that the AE rate would be lower compared to previously published traditional management protocols. Study design Audit study of 75 women with pelvic organ prolapse and/or stress incontinence, who were fitted with a vaginal ring pessary during a five-year period, and who have self-managed their vaginal rings for at least two years, in a tertiary referral urogynaecology clinic. Main outcome measures AEs included vaginal bleeding, malodorous vaginal discharge, extrusion of the device, pain/discomfort, and disorders of defaecation or de novo urinary incontinence. AEs that led to discontinuation of usage were termed “major”. Results Of the 75 women who were taught to self-manage their ring pessary, 68 were initially successful. At a median follow-up of 50.5 months [IQR 43–76 months; median 4.2 years], 36 women (52.9%) were still using their ring pessary. Five women (7.4%) had vaginal erosions and bleeding leading them to cease pessary use (four proceeded to surgery). Three minor AEs were identified (4.4%), resolving after discontinuation of ring use two weeks. Thus, the overall AE rate was 11.8% (8/68). Conclusions In contrast to previous published AE rates of 43–56% in women having ring changes at a clinic every 4–6 months, the AE rate was 12% in the women who performed monthly self-management of vaginal ring pessaries. Such information should be made available to patients considering a vaginal ring pessary.
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Lammers K, Kluivers KB, Vierhout ME, Prokop M, Fütterer JJ. Inter- and intraobserver reliability for diagnosing levator ani changes on magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013; 42:347-352. [PMID: 23494887 DOI: 10.1002/uog.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the inter- and intraobserver reliability of the diagnosis of pubovisceral muscle avulsions and measurements of the levator hiatus on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Women with recurrent pelvic organ prolapse or in whom there was a discrepancy between clinical signs and symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction underwent MRI and were eligible for inclusion. MRI datasets of the pelvic floor of 262 women were obtained and evaluated by two observers, who scored the presence and extent of pubovisceral muscle avulsions on each side using a scale from 0 to 3 and obtained measurements of the anteroposterior and transverse diameters and area of the levator hiatus. A random sample of 100 patients was reviewed a second time by one of the observers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with their 95% CI were calculated for all measurements. Mean differences with accompanying limits of agreement were calculated to estimate agreement between pairs of measurements and to detect possible systematic bias. RESULTS Good interobserver reliability was found for the assessment of pubovisceral muscle avulsions (ICC = 0.76-0.79) and excellent agreement for measurements of the levator hiatus (ICC = 0.85-0.89). The intraobserver reliability for pubovisceral muscle avulsions and other levator hiatus measurements was also excellent (ICC = 0.80-0.97). A significant interobserver systematic bias was observed in the measurement of levator hiatus transverse diameter; however, narrow limits of agreement were observed. CONCLUSIONS Pubovisceral muscle avulsions and levator hiatus measurements can be assessed with good to excellent reliability on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lammers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Lammers K, Prokop M, Vierhout ME, Kluivers KB, Fütterer JJ. A pictorial overview of pubovisceral muscle avulsions on pelvic floor magnetic resonance imaging. Insights Imaging 2013; 4:431-41. [PMID: 23756995 PMCID: PMC3731469 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-013-0261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite extensive research aimed at clarifying (failing) pelvic organ support, the complete aetiology of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is still not fully understood. During vaginal delivery, the pelvic floor can be irreversibly traumatised, resulting in pubovisceral muscle avulsions. The aetiology of these avulsions is discussed in this pictorial overview. Normal female pelvic floor anatomy is described and variations are exemplified using magnetic resonance (MR) images. The clinical relevance of detecting pubovisceral muscle avulsions is specified. METHODS T2-weighted MR imaging has multiplanar capabilities with high diagnostic accuracy allowing for detailed visualisation of the pelvic floor. Together with the use of a three-dimensional (3D) post-processing program, the presence and severity of pubovisceral muscle avulsions can be quantified. RESULTS Pelvic floor MR imaging is a non-invasive method that enables adequate identification of pubovisceral muscle avulsions which are known risk factors for the development of POP. They can be scored with good to excellent inter- and intra-observer reliability. CONCLUSIONS Radiologists and urogynaecology subspecialists should be familiar with MR imaging findings of pubovisceral muscle avulsions as this birth-related trauma is observed in over 36 % of vaginally parous women. TEACHING POINTS • Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a growing problem for both patients and for our healthcare system • Pubovisceral muscle avulsions are known risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) • T2-weighted MR imaging visualises pubovisceral muscle avulsions adequately • Pubovisceral muscle avulsions are scored with good to excellent inter- and intra-observer reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Lammers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (791), Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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Lammers K, Fütterer JJ, Inthout J, Prokop M, Vierhout ME, Kluivers KB. Correlating signs and symptoms with pubovisceral muscle avulsions on magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 208:148.e1-7. [PMID: 23220507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to correlate signs and symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with pubovisceral muscle avulsions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). STUDY DESIGN In this retrospective cohort study of 189 women with recurrent POP or unexplained symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction, we reviewed T2-weighted pelvic floor MRI and categorized defects as minor or major avulsion, or as no defect present. Outcomes were correlated to quality-of-life questionnaire scores and data on obstetric and surgical history, together with POP-Quantification (POP-Q) measurements. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis with manual backward elimination was applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS Major pubovisceral avulsions were diagnosed in 83 (44%) women, minor avulsions in 49 (26%) women, while no defects were seen in 57 (30%) women. Women with a history of episiotomy or anterior vaginal wall reconstructive surgery had a higher OR for more severe pubovisceral muscle avulsions (adjusted OR, 3.77 and 3.29, respectively), as did women with symptoms of POP (OR, 1.01, per unit increase) or higher stage POP of the central vaginal compartment based on POP-Q measurement "C" (OR, 1.18). Women with symptoms of obstructive defecation were more likely to have no defect of the pubovisceral muscle on MRI (OR, 0.97, per unit increase). CONCLUSION The variables episiotomy, previous anterior vaginal wall reconstructive surgery, POP-Q measurement "C," and symptoms scored with the Urogenital Distress Inventory "genital prolapse" and Defecatory Distress Inventory "obstructive defecation" subscales are correlated with pubovisceral muscle avulsions on pelvic floor MRI.
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Lammers K, Lince SL, Spath MA, van Kempen LCLT, Hendriks JCM, Vierhout ME, Kluivers KB. Pelvic organ prolapse and collagen-associated disorders. Int Urogynecol J 2011; 23:313-9. [PMID: 21811768 PMCID: PMC3282004 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-011-1532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and other disorders, such as varicose veins and joint hypermobility, have been associated with changes in collagen strength and metabolism. We hypothesized that these various disorders were more prevalent in both POP patients and their family members. Methods In this study, the prevalence of various collagen-associated disorders, including POP, was compared between POP patients (n = 110) and control patients (n = 100) and their first and second degree family members. Results POP patients reported a higher prevalence of varicose veins, joint hypermobility and rectal prolapse and were more likely to have family members with POP as compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In contrast, the family members of the POP group did not report a higher prevalence of collagen-associated disorders compared to the family members of the control group (p = 0.82). Conclusions POP and other collagen-associated disorders may have a common aetiology, originating at the molecular level of the collagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Lammers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (791), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Ohms VR, Escudero P, Lammers K, ten Cate C. Zebra finches and Dutch adults exhibit the same cue weighting bias in vowel perception. Anim Cogn 2011; 15:155-61. [PMID: 21761144 PMCID: PMC3281197 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-011-0441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vocal tract resonances, called formants, are the most important parameters in human speech production and perception. They encode linguistic meaning and have been shown to be perceived by a wide range of species. Songbirds are also sensitive to different formant patterns in human speech. They can categorize words differing only in their vowels based on the formant patterns independent of speaker identity in a way comparable to humans. These results indicate that speech perception mechanisms are more similar between songbirds and humans than realized before. One of the major questions regarding formant perception concerns the weighting of different formants in the speech signal (“acoustic cue weighting”) and whether this process is unique to humans. Using an operant Go/NoGo design, we trained zebra finches to discriminate syllables, whose vowels differed in their first three formants. When subsequently tested with novel vowels, similar in either their first formant or their second and third formants to the familiar vowels, similarity in the higher formants was weighted much more strongly than similarity in the lower formant. Thus, zebra finches indeed exhibit a cue weighting bias. Interestingly, we also found that Dutch speakers when tested with the same paradigm exhibit the same cue weighting bias. This, together with earlier findings, supports the hypothesis that human speech evolution might have exploited general properties of the vertebrate auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena R Ohms
- Behavioural Biology, Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, Sylviusweg 72, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Visser JTJ, Lammers K, Hoogendijk A, Boer MW, Brugman S, Beijer-Liefers S, Zandvoort A, Harmsen H, Welling G, Stellaard F, Bos NA, Fasano A, Rozing J. Restoration of impaired intestinal barrier function by the hydrolysed casein diet contributes to the prevention of type 1 diabetes in the diabetes-prone BioBreeding rat. Diabetologia 2010; 53:2621-8. [PMID: 20853098 PMCID: PMC2974912 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Impaired intestinal barrier function is observed in type 1 diabetes patients and animal models of the disease. Exposure to diabetogenic antigens from the intestinal milieu due to a compromised intestinal barrier is considered essential for induction of the autoimmune process leading to type 1 diabetes. Since a hydrolysed casein (HC) diet prevents autoimmune diabetes onset in diabetes-prone (DP)-BioBreeding (BB) rats, we studied the role of the HC diet on intestinal barrier function and, therefore, prevention of autoimmune diabetes onset in this animal model. METHODS DP-BB rats were fed the HC diet from weaning onwards and monitored for autoimmune diabetes development. Intestinal permeability was assessed in vivo by lactulose-mannitol test and ex vivo by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Levels of serum zonulin, a physiological tight junction modulator, were measured by ELISA. Ileal mRNA expression of Myo9b, Cldn1, Cldn2 and Ocln (which encode the tight junction-related proteins myosin IXb, claudin-1, claudin-2 and occludin) and Il-10, Tgf-ß (also known as Il10 and Tgfb, respectively, which encode regulatory cytokines) was analysed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS The HC diet reduced autoimmune diabetes by 50% in DP-BB rats. In DP-BB rats, prediabetic gut permeability negatively correlated with the moment of autoimmune diabetes onset. The improved intestinal barrier function that was induced by HC diet in DP-BB rats was visualised by decreasing lactulose:mannitol ratio, decreasing serum zonulin levels and increasing ileal TEER. The HC diet modified ileal mRNA expression of Myo9b, and Cldn1 and Cldn2, but left Ocln expression unaltered. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Improved intestinal barrier function might be an important intermediate in the prevention of autoimmune diabetes by the HC diet in DP-BB rats. Effects on tight junctions, ileal cytokines and zonulin production might be important mechanisms for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T J Visser
- Department of Cell Biology, Section Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Lammers K, Vierhout ME, Withagen MIJ, Kluivers KB. The effectiveness of supportive underwear in women with pelvic organ prolapse: a pilot study. Int Urogynecol J 2008; 19:1519-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00192-008-0676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hart AL, Lammers K, Brigidi P, Vitali B, Rizzello F, Gionchetti P, Campieri M, Kamm MA, Knight SC, Stagg AJ. Modulation of human dendritic cell phenotype and function by probiotic bacteria. Gut 2004; 53:1602-9. [PMID: 15479680 PMCID: PMC1774301 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.037325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Probiotic" bacteria are effective in treating some inflammatory bowel diseases. However which bacteria confer benefit and mechanisms of action remain poorly defined. Dendritic cells, which are pivotal in early bacterial recognition, tolerance induction, and shaping of T cell responses, may be central in mediating the effects of these bacteria. AIMS To assess effects of different probiotic bacteria on dendritic cell function. METHODS Human intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells, whole blood, or an enriched blood dendritic cell population were cultured with cell wall components of the eight bacterial strains in the probiotic preparation VSL#3 (four lactobacilli, three bifidobacteria, and one streptococcal strains). Dendritic cells were identified and changes in dendritic cell maturation/costimulatory markers and cytokine production in response to probiotic bacteria were analysed by multicolour flow cytometry, in addition to subsequent effects on T cell polarisation. RESULTS VSL#3 was a potent inducer of IL-10 by dendritic cells from blood and intestinal tissue, and inhibited generation of Th1 cells. Individual strains within VSL#3 displayed distinct immunomodulatory effects on dendritic cells; the most marked anti-inflammatory effects were produced by bifidobacteria strains which upregulated IL-10 production by dendritic cells, decreased expression of the costimulatory molecule CD80, and decreased interferon-gamma production by T cells. VSL#3 diminished proinflammatory effects of LPS by decreasing LPS induced production of IL-12 while maintaining IL-10 production. CONCLUSIONS Probiotic bacteria differ in their immunomodulatory activity and influence polarisation of immune responses at the earliest stage of antigen presentation by dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hart
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London, Northwick Park Campus, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK
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Meenan J, Spaans J, Grool TA, Lammers K, Pals S, Tytgat GN, van Deventer SJ. Variation in gut-homing CD27-negative lymphocytes in inflammatory colon disease. Scand J Immunol 1998; 48:318-23. [PMID: 9743220 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged antigenic stimulation results in lymphocyte shedding of CD27, a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, and transformation to a stable phenotype capable of synthesizing interleukin-4 (IL-4). Co-expression of alpha4beta7 identifies those cells with gut-homing potential. We have investigated these cell populations in patients with inflammatory colonic disease. Circulating and lamina propria mononuclear cells were isolated from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), non-inflammatory bowel disease (non-IBD) colonic inflammation and healthy controls. Double and triple colour flow cytometry for CD3, CD4, CD27, alpha4beta7 and intracellular cytokines was performed. Circulating CD4+ CD27- populations were increased in patients with CD (8.8 +/- 0.8%, P < 0.001), UC (12.2 +/- 1.9%, P < 0.001) and non-IBD colitis (10.5 +/- 1.3%, P < 0.01) as compared with controls (6.1 +/- 0.5%). CD4+ CD27- alpha4beta7+ cells were increased in CD (P < 0.01). Lamina propria CD4+ CD27- populations were depressed significantly in CD (P < 0.05), UC (P < 0.02) and non-IBD colitis (P < 0.03). Mucosal CD4+ CD27- cells synthesized IL-4 in preference to interferon-gamma. Thus, colonic inflammation is associated with alterations in gut-tropic circulating and mucosal populations of differentiated memory T cells with the phenotype of predominantly IL-4-synthesizing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Meenan
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Hintzen RQ, Lens SM, Lammers K, Kuiper H, Beckmann MP, van Lier RA. Engagement of CD27 with its ligand CD70 provides a second signal for T cell activation. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.154.6.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Molecules of the TNF-R family have been shown to be essential in the regulation of lymphocyte growth and differentiation. The TNF-R family member CD27 binds to a type II transmembrane molecule belonging to the TNF gene family (CD27L) that is identical to the lymphocyte activation Ag CD70. Using transfected mouse fibroblasts expressing human CD70, we demonstrate here that interaction of CD27 with its ligand provides a potent second signal for cytokine production, induction of activation Ags, and proliferation of unprimed CD45RA+, and to a lesser extent, of primed CD45R0+ peripheral blood T cells. In contrast to costimulatory signals delivered via the CD28-ligand B7-1 (CD80), CD70 was found to induce relatively low IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 but comparable TNF-alpha secretion. Proliferation of CD45RA+, but not of CD45R0+ T cells, was found to be largely resistant to blocking of IL-2/IL-2R interaction. Finally, the finding that CD70 and CD80 cooperate in the induction of T cell proliferation indicates that cooperation of both molecules may be essential for optimal T cell stimulation. The interaction between CD27 and its ligand CD70 might be of particular importance for the recruitment of T cells from the unprimed T cell pool. Moreover, as CD70 expression in vivo is confined to activated B and T lymphocytes, only a limited set of APC are able to generate this specific second signal for T cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Q Hintzen
- Department of Clinical (Viro-) Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
| | - S M Lens
- Department of Clinical (Viro-) Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
| | - K Lammers
- Department of Clinical (Viro-) Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
| | - H Kuiper
- Department of Clinical (Viro-) Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
| | - M P Beckmann
- Department of Clinical (Viro-) Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
| | - R A van Lier
- Department of Clinical (Viro-) Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
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Hintzen RQ, Lens SM, Lammers K, Kuiper H, Beckmann MP, van Lier RA. Engagement of CD27 with its ligand CD70 provides a second signal for T cell activation. J Immunol 1995; 154:2612-23. [PMID: 7876536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecules of the TNF-R family have been shown to be essential in the regulation of lymphocyte growth and differentiation. The TNF-R family member CD27 binds to a type II transmembrane molecule belonging to the TNF gene family (CD27L) that is identical to the lymphocyte activation Ag CD70. Using transfected mouse fibroblasts expressing human CD70, we demonstrate here that interaction of CD27 with its ligand provides a potent second signal for cytokine production, induction of activation Ags, and proliferation of unprimed CD45RA+, and to a lesser extent, of primed CD45R0+ peripheral blood T cells. In contrast to costimulatory signals delivered via the CD28-ligand B7-1 (CD80), CD70 was found to induce relatively low IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 but comparable TNF-alpha secretion. Proliferation of CD45RA+, but not of CD45R0+ T cells, was found to be largely resistant to blocking of IL-2/IL-2R interaction. Finally, the finding that CD70 and CD80 cooperate in the induction of T cell proliferation indicates that cooperation of both molecules may be essential for optimal T cell stimulation. The interaction between CD27 and its ligand CD70 might be of particular importance for the recruitment of T cells from the unprimed T cell pool. Moreover, as CD70 expression in vivo is confined to activated B and T lymphocytes, only a limited set of APC are able to generate this specific second signal for T cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Q Hintzen
- Department of Clinical (Viro-) Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
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Kuiper HM, de Jong R, Brouwer M, Lammers K, Wijdenes J, van Lier RA. Influence of CD28 co-stimulation on cytokine production is mainly regulated via interleukin-2. Immunology 1994; 83:38-44. [PMID: 7821964 PMCID: PMC1415021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction of CD28 with its ligand B7 plays an important role in the initiation of immune responses. The co-stimulatory signal generated by cross-linking of CD28 molecules results in enhanced T-cell proliferation and augmentation of cytokine production. In particular, mRNA levels of T-helper 1 (Th1)-type cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are reported to be strongly increased. We investigated the effect of CD28 co-stimulation on the production of Th2-type cytokines. CD28 mAb induced a strong augmentation of IL-2 secretion in activated T-cell clones. Production of IFN-gamma was also enhanced, but the increase in IL-4 secretion was generally moderate. Augmentation of IL-4 production by CD28 was most pronounced in clones that produced low amounts of IL-2, compared to clones producing high levels of IL-2. It was found that the up-regulation of IL-4 by CD28 co-stimulation was mainly controlled indirectly via an increase of IL-2. Some clones could produce IL-4 in an IL-2-independent manner; in these situations CD28 co-stimulation had no augmenting effect on the production of IL-4. The secretion of IL-4 by peripheral blood CD4+ T cells, that were activated with B7-expressing transfectants, was also found to be dependent on IL-2. Finally, Northern blot analysis confirmed that co-stimulation of CD28 primarily affected IL-2 production, and that inhibition of IL-2/IL-2 receptor interaction abolished the augmenting action of CD28 monoclonal antibody on the production of the Th2-type cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 and of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Kuiper
- Central Laboratory, Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
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van Deventer SJH, Radema SA, Lammers K, Hommes D, Ceska M, Jansen J, Tytgat GNJ. Induction of IL-8 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2952-1_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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