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Tarigan R, Shimoda H, Doysabas KCC, Ken M, Iida A, Hondo E. Role of pattern recognition receptors and interferon-beta in protecting bat cell lines from encephalomyocarditis virus and Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:1-7. [PMID: 32446351 PMCID: PMC7177169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bats are potential natural hosts of Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Bats appear to have some unique features in their innate immune system that inhibit viral replication causing limited clinical symptoms, and thus, contributing to the virus spill over to humans. Here, kidney epithelial cell lines derived from four bat species (Pteropus dasymallus, Rousettus leschenaultii, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, and Miniopterus fuliginosus) and two non-bat species (Homo sapiens and Mesocricetus auratus) were infected with EMCV and JEV. The replication of EMCV and JEV was lower in the bat cell lines derived from R. leschenaultii, R. ferrumequinum, and M. fuliginosus with a higher expression level of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5) and interferon-beta (IFN-β) than that in the non-bat cell lines and a bat cell line derived from P. dasymallus. The knockdown of TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5 in Rhinolophus bat cell line using antisense RNA oligonucleotide led to decrease IFN-β expression and increased viral replication. These results suggest that TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5 are important for antiviral response against EMCV and JEV in Rhinolophus bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Tarigan
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Karla Cristine C Doysabas
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maeda Ken
- Division of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Iida
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Doysabas KCC, Oba M, Ishibashi T, Shibata H, Takemae H, Shimoda H, Tarigan R, Mizutani T, Iida A, Hondo E. ATeam technology for detecting early signs of viral cytopathic effect. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:387-393. [PMID: 32051347 PMCID: PMC7118481 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), the major energy currency of the cell, is involved in many cellular processes, including the viral life cycle, and can be used as an indicator of early
signs of cytopathic effect (CPE). In this study, we demonstrated that CPE can be analyzed using an FRET-based ATP probe named ATP indicator based on Epsilon subunit for Analytical
Measurements (ATeam). The results revealed that as early as 3 hr, the virus infected cells showed a significantly different Venus/cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) ratio compared to the
mock-infected cells. The ATeam technology is therefore useful to determine the early signs of ATP-based CPE as early as 3 hr without morphology-based CPE by light microscopy, and enables
high throughput determination of the presence of microorganisms in neglected samples stored in laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Cristine C Doysabas
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mami Oba
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Sawai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ishibashi
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8224, Japan
| | - Hideki Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takemae
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Ronald Tarigan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Sawai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Atsuo Iida
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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Doysabas KCC, Oba M, Furuta M, Iida K, Omatsu T, Furuya T, Okada T, Sutummaporn K, Shimoda H, Wong ML, Wu CH, Ohmori Y, Kobayashi R, Hengjan Y, Yonemitsu K, Kuwata R, Kim YK, Han SH, Sohn JH, Han SH, Suzuki K, Kimura J, Maeda K, Oh HS, Endoh D, Mizutani T, Hondo E. Encephalomyocarditis virus is potentially derived from eastern bent-wing bats living in East Asian countries. Virus Res 2018; 259:62-67. [PMID: 30391400 PMCID: PMC7114854 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
EMCV genome was widely found in fecal guanos in Taiwanese, Korean, and Japanese caves. Miniopterus fuliginosus is the main source of the fecal guano. It is possible that Miniopterus fuliginosus is one of the natural hosts of EMCV in East Asia.
Bats are reservoir hosts of many zoonotic viruses and identification of viruses that they carry is important. This study aimed to use high throughput screening to identify the viruses in fecal guano of Taiwanese insectivorous bats caves in order to obtain more information on bat-derived pathogenic viruses in East Asia. Guano samples were collected from two caves in Taiwan, pooled, and then subjected to Multiplex PCR-based next generation sequencing for viral identification. Subsequently, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) sequence was detected and confirmed by reverse transcription PCR. EMCV is considered as rodent virus and thus, animal species identification through cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding was further done to identify the viral source. Finally, determination of distribution and verification of the presence of EMCV in guano obtained from Japanese and South Korean caves was also done. We concluded that the guano collected was not contaminated with the excrement of rodents which were reported and presumed to live in Taiwan. Also, EMCV genome fragments were found in guanos of Japanese and South Korean caves. It is possible that the eastern bent-wing bat (Miniopterus fuliginosus) is one of the natural hosts of EMCV in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Cristine C Doysabas
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mami Oba
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Masaya Furuta
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iida
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kripitch Sutummaporn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yasushige Ohmori
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yupadee Hengjan
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoo-Kyung Kim
- Institute of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Han
- Institute of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Joon-Hyuk Sohn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Han
- Natural Institute of Biological Resources, South Korea
| | | | - Junpei Kimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ken Maeda
- Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hong-Shik Oh
- Institute of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Daiji Endoh
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu-shi 069-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Hengjan Y, Iida K, Doysabas KCC, Phichitrasilp T, Ohmori Y, Hondo E. Diurnal behavior and activity budget of the golden-crowned flying fox (Acerodon jubatus) in the Subic bay forest reserve area, the Philippines. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1667-1674. [PMID: 28804092 PMCID: PMC5658557 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acerodon jubatus (the Golden-Crowned flying fox) is an endemic species
in the Philippines, which was suspected to be a host of the Reston strain of the Ebola
virus. As nocturnal animals, the flying foxes spend daytime at the roosting site, which
they use for self-maintenance and reproduction. To understand the variation in diurnal
behavior and time allocation for various activities in the Golden-Crowned flying fox, we
investigated their daytime behavior and activity budget using instantaneous scan sampling
and all occurrence focal sampling. Data collection was performed from 07:00 to 18:00 hr
during January 8–17, 2017. The most frequent activity was sleeping (76.3%). The remaining
activities were wing flapping (5.0%), self-grooming (4.2%), hanging relaxation (3.4%),
wing spread (2.9%), movement (2.4%), mating/courtship (2.4%), aggression (1.9%), hanging
alert (1.2%), excretion (0.1%) and scent marks (0.05%). The frequency of sleeping, wing
flapping, self-grooming, hanging relaxation, aggression, mating/courtship and movement
behaviors changed with the time of the day. Females allocated more time for resting than
males, while males spent more time on the activities that helped enhance their mating
opportunities, for example, movement, sexual activity and territorial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupadee Hengjan
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iida
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Karla Cristine C Doysabas
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Thanmaporn Phichitrasilp
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Yasushige Ohmori
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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