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Czyżewska K, Trusek A. A catalytic membrane approach as a way to obtain sweet and unsweet lactose-free milk. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024:10.1007/s00449-024-03018-z. [PMID: 38644439 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The growing need in the current market for innovative solutions to obtain lactose-free (L-F) milk is caused by the annual increase in the prevalence of lactose intolerance inside as well as the newborn, children, and adults. Various configurations of enzymes can yield two distinct L-F products: sweet (β-galactosidase) and unsweet (β-galactosidase and glucose oxidase) L-F milk. In addition, the reduction of sweetness through glucose decomposition should be performed in a one-pot mode with catalase to eliminate product inhibition caused by H2O2. Both L-F products enjoy popularity among a rapidly expanding group of consumers. Although enzyme immobilization techniques are well known in industrial processes, new carriers and economic strategies are still being searched. Polymeric carriers, due to the variety of functional groups and non-toxicity, are attractive propositions for individual and co-immobilization of food enzymes. In the presented work, two strategies (with free and immobilized enzymes; β-galactosidase NOLA, glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger, and catalase from Serratia sp.) for obtaining sweet and unsweet L-F milk under low-temperature conditions were proposed. For free enzymes, achieving the critical assumption, lactose hydrolysis and glucose decomposition occurred after 1 and 4.3 h, respectively. The tested catalytic membranes were created on regenerated cellulose and polyamide. In both cases, the time required for lactose and glucose bioconversion was extended compared to free enzymes. However, these preparations could be reused for up to five (β-galactosidase) and ten cycles (glucose oxidase with catalase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Czyżewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Group of Micro, Nano, and Bioprocess Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Trusek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Group of Micro, Nano, and Bioprocess Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wrocław, Poland
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Kozicka I, Guligowska A, Chrobak-Bień J, Czyżewska K, Doroba N, Ignaczak A, Machała A, Spałka E, Kostka T, Borowiak E. Factors Determining the Occurrence of Frailty Syndrome in Hospitalized Older Patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12769. [PMID: 36232069 PMCID: PMC9564663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Frailty syndrome (FS) is a condition characterized by a decline in reserves, observed with aging. The most important consequences of the frailty syndrome include disability, hospitalization, fractures, institutionalization, and early mortality. The aim of this study was to identify the most important risk factors for FS in a group of older hospitalized patients in Poland. A total of one hundred and forty-one (78 women, 63 men) elderly patients from the Departments of Internal Medicine of the Medical University of Lodz (Poland) were recruited for this study. Frailty Instrument of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-FI), handgrip strength (HGS), depressive symptoms using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and functional ability (FA) using the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) were assessed. According to SHARE-FI score, participants were divided into control group, frail, and pre-frail patients. Out of all 141 tested patients, FS was confirmed in 55 patients, and pre-frailty was observed in 52 patients. The occurrence of FS in the group of studied patients was related to age (p < 0.001), widowhood (p < 0.001), comorbidities (p < 0.001), heart diseases (p = 0.04), more medications taken (p < 0.001), lower FA (p < 0.001), weaker HGS, and depression (p < 0.001). The strongest positive correlations were between Share-FI score and the number of diseases (rS = 0.31), GDS (rS = 0.32), while negative correlations with IADL (rS = -0.47) and HGS (rS = -0.35). The study shows that FS is associated with age, comorbidities, number of medications taken, and widowhood. The present study has also demonstrated that FA, depression, and especially HGS are essential determinants of FS of elderly hospitalized people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kozicka
- Department of Conservative Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Jaracza 63, 90-251 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Guligowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Plac Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Chrobak-Bień
- Department of Conservative Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Jaracza 63, 90-251 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czyżewska
- Department of Conservative Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Jaracza 63, 90-251 Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Doroba
- Department of Conservative Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Jaracza 63, 90-251 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Ignaczak
- Department of Conservative Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Jaracza 63, 90-251 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Machała
- Department of Conservative Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Jaracza 63, 90-251 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Spałka
- Department of Conservative Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Jaracza 63, 90-251 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Plac Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Borowiak
- Department of Conservative Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Jaracza 63, 90-251 Lodz, Poland
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Abstract
Twenty six species of lichenicolous fungi, one lichenicolous lichen and one lichenicolous myxomycete are discussed. <em>Vouauxiomyces</em> sp., the anamorph of <em>Abrothallus caerulescens</em>, is reported as new to Poland. <em>Abrothallus microspermus</em> is reported from the Polish lowlands for the first time. <em>Trichonectria hirta</em> and <em>Vouauxiomyces truncatus</em> are reported from Poland for the second time.
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