1
|
Agustian PA, Schiffer M, Gwinner W, Schäfer I, Theophile K, Modde F, Bockmeyer CL, Traeder J, Lehmann U, Grosshennig A, Kreipe HH, Bröcker V, Becker JU. Diminished met signaling in podocytes contributes to the development of podocytopenia in transplant glomerulopathy. Am J Pathol 2011; 178:2007-19. [PMID: 21514418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transplant glomerulopathy (TxG) can show secondary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). FSGS in native kidneys is caused by podocytopenia. This study examines podocytopenia and the role of decreased paracrine Met activation on podocytes by decreased glomerular hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels in the development of podocytopenia in TxG. Podocytes were counted in 10 zero-hour biopsies and 10 specimens each with and without TxG. HGF/Met was examined with immunostains and quantitative RT-PCR in a set of three consecutive biopsies from 10 patients with TxG, including the diagnostic biopsy (DiagnBx) and the two previous biopsies (1stPrevBx and 2ndPrevBx). Antiapoptotic effects of HGF on podocytes were examined in vitro. Mean podocyte numbers per glomerulus were lower and glomerular volume higher in TxG. Fewer of the two preceding biopsies of the patients than of the controls contained phospho-Met(Tyr1349)-positive podocytes (2 of 8 versus 7 of 7, P = 0.0070; 4 of 9 versus 9 of 9, P = 0.0294). Glomerular HGF mRNA levels were lower in the 1stPrevBx of the patients (0.049 ± 0.083 versus 0.284 ± 0.331; P = 0.0155). In vitro, HGF stimulation of podocytes resulted in antiapoptotic phosphorylation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and induction of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Decreased antiapoptotic Met signaling in podocytes, probably due to decreased HGF secretion by glomerular epithelial cells, could contribute to podocyte loss and FSGS in TxG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Putri A Agustian
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jonigk D, Merk M, Hussein K, Maegel L, Theophile K, Muth M, Lehmann U, Bockmeyer CL, Mengel M, Gottlieb J, Welte T, Haverich A, Golpon H, Kreipe H, Laenger F. Obliterative airway remodeling: molecular evidence for shared pathways in transplanted and native lungs. Am J Pathol 2011; 178:599-608. [PMID: 21281792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obliteration of the small airways is a largely unresolved challenge in pulmonary medicine. It represents either the irreversible cause of functional impairment or a morphologic disorder of limited importance in a multitude of diseases. Bronchiolitis obliterans is a key complication of lung transplantation. No predictive markers for the onset of obliterative remodeling are currently available. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of airway remodeling, compartment-specific expression patterns were analyzed in patients. For this purpose, remodeled and nonremodeled bronchioli were isolated from transplanted and nontransplanted lung explants using laser-assisted microdissection (n = 24). mRNA expression of 45 fibrosis-associated genes was measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. For 20 genes, protein expression was also analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Infiltrating cells were characterized at conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. Obliterative remodeling of the small airways in transplanted and nontransplanted lungs shared similar grades of chronic inflammation and pivotal fibrotic pathways such as transforming growth factor β signaling and increased collagen expression. Bone morphogenetic protein and thrombospondin signaling, and also matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, were primarily up-regulated in obliterative airway remodeling in nontransplanted lungs. In transplanted lungs, clinical remodeled bone morphogenetic protein but nonremodeled bronchioli were characterized by a concordant up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9, RANTES, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. These distinct expression patterns warrant further investigation as potential markers of impending airway remodeling, especially for prospective longitudinal molecular profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bockmeyer CL, Forstmeier V, Modde F, Lovric S, Claus RA, Schiffer M, Agustian PA, Grothusen C, Grote K, Birschmann I, Theophile K, Kreipe HH, Brocker V, Becker JU. ADAMTS13--marker of contractile phenotype of arterial smooth muscle cells lost in benign nephrosclerosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:1871-81. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
4
|
Jonigk D, Theophile K, Hussein K, Bock O, Lehmann U, Bockmeyer CL, Gottlieb J, Fischer S, Simon A, Welte T, Maegel L, Kreipe H, Laenger F. Obliterative airway remodelling in transplanted and non-transplanted lungs. Virchows Arch 2010; 457:369-80. [PMID: 20632031 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-010-0949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obliterative airway remodelling is a morphological sequence in a variety of pulmonary diseases. Notably, bronchiolitis obliterans represents one of the key complications of lung transplantation, induced by (immigrating) myofibroblasts. A comparative expression analysis of obliterative airway remodelling in transplanted and non-transplanted patients has not been reported so far. Obliterated and unremodelled airways from explanted lungs (n = 19) from patients suffering from chronic allograft dysfunction, infection, graft-versus-host disease and toxic exposure were isolated by laser-assisted microdissection. Airways from lung allografts harvested shortly before and after transplantation (n = 4) as well as fibroblastic foci from lungs with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (n = 4) served as references. Pre-amplified cDNA was analysed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR for expression of fibrosis, inflammation and apoptosis-associated genes. Composition of infiltrating cells and protein expression were assessed by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. Bronchiolitis obliterans in transplanted patients showed a significant increase of BMP-7 expression (p = 0.0141 compared with controls), while TGF-beta1 and FGF-2 as well as BMP-4 and BMP-7 were up-regulated in fibroblastic foci in interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (p < 0.0424 compared with controls). Regarding other fibrosis-associated genes (BMP-6, SMAD-3, CASP-3 and CASP-9, FASLG, NF-KB1, IL-1 and IL-2) as well as cellularity and cellular composition, no significant differences between obliterative airway remodelling in transplanted and non-transplanted patients could be shown. Obliterative airway remodelling in lung allografts and in non-transplanted patients share many morphological and genetic traits. BMPs, especially BMP-7, warrant further investigation as possible markers for the aggravation of airway remodelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hussein K, Theophile K, Dralle W, Wiese B, Kreipe H, Bock O. MicroRNA expression profiling of megakaryocytes in primary myelofibrosis and essential thrombocythemia. Platelets 2010; 20:391-400. [PMID: 19811223 DOI: 10.1080/09537100903114537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) the megakaryocytic lineage characteristically shows aberrant proliferation and maturation in which the regulatory microRNA (miR) system might be involved. Laser-microdissected PMF and ET megakaryocytes were analysed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) low density arrays comprising 365 microRNAs. The highest megakaryocytic expression levels were observed for miR-223, which is known to be expressed also in granulopoiesis. Cluster analysis revealed a tendency of disease-specific megakaryocytic microRNA expression profiles indicating that a complex shift of microRNA expression appears to be the underlying defect. Increased accumulation of miR-146b was observed in cellular stage PMF (p = 0.0125) but not ET megakaryopoiesis. In conclusion, this is the first microRNA profiling of in situ-derived PMF, ET and normal megakaryocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kais Hussein
- Institute of Pathology, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muth M, Theophile K, Hussein K, Jacobi C, Kreipe H, Bock O. "Hypoxia-induced down-regulation of microRNA-449a/b impairs control over targeted SERPINE1 (PAI-1) mRNA - a mechanism involved in SERPINE1 (PAI-1) overexpression". J Transl Med 2010; 8:33. [PMID: 20356416 PMCID: PMC2853517 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In damaged organs tissue repair and replacement of cells by connective tissue provokes a response of fibroblasts to cellular stress factors such as hypoxia. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules which bind to their mRNA targets which eventually lead to repression of translation. Whether the response of fibroblasts to stress factors also involves the miRNA system is largely unknown. Results By miRNA profiling we identified down-regulation of miRNA-449a/b expression in hypoxic fibroblasts. Specific miRNA inhibitors and mimics showed direct evidence for targeting the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) protein (SERPINE1; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PAI-1) by miRNA-449a/b leading to SERPINE1 mRNA and protein up- and down-regulation, respectively. SERPINE1 expression in vivo could be located predominantly in areas of fibrosis and remodeling. Conclusions Our study offers serious lines of evidence for a novel hypoxia-dependent mechanism involving hypoxia-induced decrease of clustered miRNA-449a/b, hypoxia-induced amplification of concomitant increase of targeted SERPINE1 (PAI-1) and its overexpression in tissues showing a hypoxic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Muth
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hussein K, Theophile K, Büsche G, Schlegelberger B, Göhring G, Kreipe H, Bock O. Significant inverse correlation of microRNA-150/MYB and microRNA-222/p27 in myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res 2010; 34:328-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
Hussein K, Bock O, Theophile K, von Neuhoff N, Buhr T, Schlué J, Büsche G, Kreipe H. JAK2(V617F) allele burden discriminates essential thrombocythemia from a subset of prefibrotic-stage primary myelofibrosis. Exp Hematol 2009; 37:1186-1193.e7. [PMID: 19616600 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph(-) MPN), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and the prefibrotic phase of primary myelofibrosis (PMF) represent two subtypes with considerable overlap. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, histopathological classification of 490 MPN cases was correlated with the allelic burden of JAK2(V617F) and MPL(W515L). RESULTS Ph(-) MPN entities largely overlap with regard to JAK2(V617F) and MPL(W515L) allele burden, but ET displayed mutant allele burden <50%. PMF with different stages of myelofibrosis all yielded similar JAK2(V617F) allele burden. At initial presentation one-quarter of prefibrotic PMF cases exhibited an allele burden exceeding 50% (38% median JAK2(V617F) alleles, n=102). In ET, its main differential diagnosis, not a single case was found with >40% JAK2(V617F) alleles (median, 24% JAK2(V617F) alleles; n=90; p<0.001). Increase in JAK2(V617F) alleles during follow-up could not be linked to fibrosis or blastic progression but was related to polycythemic transformation in ET. MPL(W515L) was found in 3% of ET and 8% of PMF, with a significantly higher percentage of mutated alleles in fibrotic than prefibrotic PMF (median, 78% MPL(W515L) alleles; p<0.05). CONCLUSION Histopathological categories ET and prefibrotic PMF correlate with significant differences in mutant allelic burden of JAK2(V617F), but not of MPL(W515L) which, by contrast to JAK2(V617F), shows a higher percentage of mutated alleles in fibrotic than in prefibrotic cases. Thus, for Ph(-) MPN in which ET and prefibrotic PMF represent the most probable diagnoses, a JAK2(V617F) allele burden >50% favors a diagnosis of prefibrotic PMF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kais Hussein
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bock O, Muth M, Theophile K, Winter M, Hussein K, Büsche G, Kröger N, Kreipe H. Identification of new target molecules PTK2, TGFBR2 and CD9 overexpressed during advanced bone marrow remodelling in primary myelofibrosis. Br J Haematol 2009; 146:510-20. [PMID: 19604240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by remodelling of the bone marrow, including progressive myelofibrosis and exaggerated angiogenesis. Advanced PMF frequently shows a full-blown fibre meshwork, which avoids aspiration of cells, and the expression profile of genes related to stroma pathology at this stage remains largely undetermined. We investigated bone marrow core biopsies in PMF showing various degrees of myelofibrosis by custom-made low density arrays (LDA) representing target genes with designated roles in synthesis of extracellular matrix, matrix remodelling, cellular adhesion and motility. Among a set of 11 genes up-regulated in advanced stages of PMF (P < or = 0.01) three candidates, PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2), transforming growth factor beta type II receptor (TGFBR2) and motility-related protein-1 (CD9 molecule, CD9), were investigated in more detail. PTK2, TGFBR2 and CD9 were significantly overexpressed in larger series of advanced PMF stages (P < or = 0.01 respectively). Endothelial cells of the increased microvessel network in PMF could be identified as a predominant source for PTK2, TGFBR2 and CD9. CD9 also strongly identified activated fibroblasts in advanced myelofibrosis. We conclude that PTK2, TGFBR2 and CD9 represent new target molecules involved in bone marrow remodelling of PMF and warrant further investigation for potential targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bock
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hussein K, Theophile K, Buhr T, Beller A, Kreipe H, Bock O. Different lineage involvement in myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease with combinedMPLW515LandJAK2V617Fmutation. Br J Haematol 2009; 145:673-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Hussein K, Bock O, Theophile K, Schulz-Bischof K, Porwit A, Schlue J, Jonigk D, Kreipe H. MPLW515L mutation in acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia 2009; 23:852-5. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Theophile K, Hussein K, Kreipe H, Bock O. Expression profiling of apoptosis-related genes in megakaryocytes: BNIP3 is downregulated in primary myelofibrosis. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:1728-38. [PMID: 18838203 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to identify factors involved in the aberrantly regulated apoptosis of megakaryocytes in primary myelofibrosis (PMF), the mRNA expression of human megakaryocytes in situ was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction low-density arrays. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mRNA from 200 to 300 laser-microdissected megakaryocytes per case from PMF (n=22) and control (n=10) bone marrow was reverse-transcribed into cDNA by random priming and subsequently amplified by primer-specific cDNA amplification. The mRNA of corresponding total bone marrow cells was reverse-transcribed into cDNA without the following amplification. For relative mRNA quantification, custom-made TaqMan low-density arrays with a setup of 48 different genes were applied. In addition, methylation analysis and immunohistochemistry of a selected candidate gene were accomplished. RESULTS A trend toward an overall downregulation of apoptosis-associated genes could be observed in megakaryocytes, whereas the total bone marrow cellularity exhibited an overall upregulation of these factors. Among several candidates with statistically significant deregulation BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and protein kinase C beta1 were shown to be the most aberrantly expressed genes. CONCLUSION Apoptosis-related gene expression profiling of human megakaryocytes reveals a set of candidates, most notably BNIP3, indicating that the increase of megakaryocytes in myeloproliferative neoplasia might not only be the result of increased proliferation but also of disturbed apoptosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hussein K, Dralle W, Theophile K, Kreipe H, Bock O. Megakaryocytic expression of miRNA 10a, 17-5p, 20a and 126 in Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm. Ann Hematol 2008; 88:325-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-008-0602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Bock O, Höftmann J, Theophile K, Hussein K, Wiese B, Schlué J, Kreipe H. Bone morphogenetic proteins are overexpressed in the bone marrow of primary myelofibrosis and are apparently induced by fibrogenic cytokines. Am J Pathol 2008; 172:951-60. [PMID: 18349123 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasia characterized by progressive deposition of extracellular matrix components in the bone marrow. The involvement of members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family in aberrant bone marrow matrix homeostasis in PMF has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we analyzed expression of BMP1, an activator of latent transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1) and processor of collagen precursors, and other BMPs in bone marrow from PMF patients and controls (n = 95). Expression of BMP1, BMP6, BMP7, and BMP-receptor 2 was significantly increased in advanced stages of myelofibrosis compared with controls (P < or = 0.01), and enhanced levels of BMP6 expression were already evident in prefibrotic stages of PMF. Immunohistochemistry showed that bone marrow stromal cells and megakaryocytes were the major cellular sources of BMP1 protein. Because TGFbeta-1 and basic fibroblast growth factor have been shown to be important in the development of myelofibrosis, we studied the induction of BMPs by these cytokines in cultured fibroblasts. Fibroblasts treated with TGFbeta-1 showed a pronounced up-regulation of BMP6, suggesting that stromal cells may be susceptible to BMP activation by cytokines with a proven role in the pathogenesis of PMF. We conclude that BMP family members may play an important role in the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis in PMF and are apparently induced by cytokines such as TGFbeta-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bock
- Assistant Professor, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pätzold R, Keuntje M, Theophile K, Müller J, Mielcarek E, Ngezahayo A, Anders-von Ahlften A. In situ mapping of nitrifiers and anammox bacteria in microbial aggregates by means of confocal resonance Raman microscopy. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 72:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 12/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Hussein K, Bock O, Theophile K, Seegers A, Arps H, Basten O, Grips KH, Franz-Werner J, Büsche G, Kreipe H. Chronic myeloproliferative diseases with concurrent BCR–ABL junction and JAK2V617F mutation. Leukemia 2007; 22:1059-62. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|