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Torres-Ayuso P, An E, Nyswaner KM, Bensen RC, Ritt DA, Specht SI, Das S, Andresson T, Cachau RE, Liang RJ, Ries AL, Robinson CM, Difilippantonio S, Gouker B, Bassel L, Karim BO, Miller CJ, Turk BE, Morrison DK, Brognard J. TNIK Is a Therapeutic Target in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Regulates FAK Activation through Merlin. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1411-1423. [PMID: 33495197 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most prevalent type of lung cancer. Despite extensive genomic characterization, no targeted therapies are approved for the treatment of LSCC. Distal amplification of the 3q chromosome is the most frequent genomic alteration in LSCC, and there is an urgent need to identify efficacious druggable targets within this amplicon. We identify the protein kinase TNIK as a therapeutic target in LSCC. TNIK is amplified in approximately 50% of LSCC cases. TNIK genetic depletion or pharmacologic inhibition reduces the growth of LSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, TNIK inhibition showed antitumor activity and increased apoptosis in established LSCC patient-derived xenografts. Mechanistically, we identified the tumor suppressor Merlin/NF2 as a novel TNIK substrate and showed that TNIK and Merlin are required for the activation of focal adhesion kinase. In conclusion, our data identify targeting TNIK as a potential therapeutic strategy in LSCC. SIGNIFICANCE: Targeted therapies have not yet been approved for the treatment of LSCC, due to lack of identification of actionable cancer drivers. We define TNIK catalytic activity as essential for maintaining LSCC viability and validate the antitumor efficacy of TNIK inhibition in preclinical models of LSCC.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1307.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Torres-Ayuso
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland.
| | - Elvira An
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Katherine M Nyswaner
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ryan C Bensen
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Daniel A Ritt
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Suzanne I Specht
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Sudipto Das
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Raul E Cachau
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Roger J Liang
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Amy L Ries
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Christina M Robinson
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Brad Gouker
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Laura Bassel
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Baktiar O Karim
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Chad J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Deborah K Morrison
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - John Brognard
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland.
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Kunduri G, Yuan C, Parthibane V, Nyswaner KM, Kanwar R, Nagashima K, Britt SG, Mehta N, Kotu V, Porterfield M, Tiemeyer M, Dolph PJ, Acharya U, Acharya JK. Phosphatidic acid phospholipase A1 mediates ER-Golgi transit of a family of G protein-coupled receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 206:79-95. [PMID: 25002678 PMCID: PMC4085702 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201405020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic phosphatidic acid phospholipase A1 interacts with COPII protein family members and is required for the anterograde trafficking of GPCRs. The coat protein II (COPII)–coated vesicular system transports newly synthesized secretory and membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex. Recruitment of cargo into COPII vesicles requires an interaction of COPII proteins either with the cargo molecules directly or with cargo receptors for anterograde trafficking. We show that cytosolic phosphatidic acid phospholipase A1 (PAPLA1) interacts with COPII protein family members and is required for the transport of Rh1 (rhodopsin 1), an N-glycosylated G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR), from the ER to the Golgi complex. In papla1 mutants, in the absence of transport to the Golgi, Rh1 is aberrantly glycosylated and is mislocalized. These defects lead to decreased levels of the protein and decreased sensitivity of the photoreceptors to light. Several GPCRs, including other rhodopsins and Bride of sevenless, are similarly affected. Our findings show that a cytosolic protein is necessary for transit of selective transmembrane receptor cargo by the COPII coat for anterograde trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Kunduri
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Changqing Yuan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Velayoudame Parthibane
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Katherine M Nyswaner
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Ritu Kanwar
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Steven G Britt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Nickita Mehta
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Varshika Kotu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Mindy Porterfield
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Patrick J Dolph
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Usha Acharya
- Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Jairaj K Acharya
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
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Garfinkel DJ, Stefanisko KM, Nyswaner KM, Moore SP, Oh J, Hughes SH. Retrotransposon suicide: formation of Ty1 circles and autointegration via a central DNA flap. J Virol 2006; 80:11920-34. [PMID: 17005648 PMCID: PMC1676259 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01483-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their evolutionary distance, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae retrotransposon Ty1 and retroviruses use similar strategies for replication, integration, and interactions with their hosts. Here we examine the formation of circular Ty1 DNA, which is comparable to the dead-end circular products that arise during retroviral infection. Appreciable levels of circular Ty1 DNA are present with one-long terminal repeat (LTR) circles and deleted circles comprising major classes, while two-LTR circles are enriched when integration is defective. One-LTR circles persist when homologous recombination pathways are blocked by mutation, suggesting that they result from reverse transcription. Ty1 autointegration events readily occur, and many are coincident with and dependent upon DNA flap structures that result from DNA synthesis initiated at the central polypurine tract. These results suggest that Ty1-specific mechanisms minimize copy number and raise the possibility that special DNA structures are a targeting determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Garfinkel
- National Cancer Institute, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
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Abstract
To understand long terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposon copy number dynamics, Ty1 elements were reintroduced into a "Ty-less" Saccharomyces strain where elements had been lost by LTR-LTR recombination. Repopulated strains exhibited alterations in chromosome size that were associated with Ty1 insertions, but did not become genetically isolated. The rates of element gain and loss under genetic and environmental conditions known to affect Ty1 retrotransposition were determined using genetically tagged reference elements. The results show that Ty1 retrotransposition varies with copy number, temperature, and cell type. In contrast to retrotransposition, Ty1 loss by LTR-LTR recombination was more constant and not markedly influenced by copy number. Endogenous Ty1 cDNA was poorly utilized for recombination when compared with LTR-LTR recombination or ectopic gene conversion. Ty1 elements also appear to be more susceptible to copy number fluctuation in haploid cells. Ty1 gain/loss ratios obtained under different conditions suggest that copy number oscillates over time by altering the rate of retrotransposition, resulting in the diverse copy numbers observed in Saccharomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Garfinkel
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21701-1201, USA.
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Moore SP, Liti G, Stefanisko KM, Nyswaner KM, Chang C, Louis EJ, Garfinkel DJ. Analysis of a Ty1-less variant of Saccharomyces paradoxus: the gain and loss of Ty1 elements. Yeast 2004; 21:649-60. [PMID: 15197730 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Because Ty elements transpose through an RNA intermediate, element accumulation through retrotransposition must be regulated or offset by element loss to avoid uncontrolled genome expansion. Here we examine the fate of Ty sequences in Saccharomyces strain 337, a strain that is reported to lack Ty1 and Ty2 elements, but contains remnant solo long terminal repeats (LTRs). Although strain 337 was initially classified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, our work indicates that this strain is more closely related to S. paradoxus. Several degenerate Ty1 and Ty2 LTRs were mapped to the same insertion sites as full-length Ty1 and Ty2 elements in S. cerevisiae, suggesting that this strain lost Ty elements by LTR-LTR recombination. Southern analysis indicates that strain 337 also lacks Ty4 and Ty5 elements. We estimated the rates of element gain and loss in this strain by introducing a single transposition-competent Ty1 element. The results indicate that Ty1 retrotransposition occurs at a much higher rate than elimination, suggesting that copy-number-dependent co-factors or environmental conditions contribute to the loss of Ty elements in this genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon P Moore
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, PO Box B, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.
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