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Wang H, Zhang J, Shen C, Yang C, Küster K, Deuschle J, Starke U, Zhang H, Isobe M, Huang D, van Aken PA, Takagi H. Direct visualization of stacking-selective self-intercalation in epitaxial Nb 1+xSe 2 films. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2541. [PMID: 38514672 PMCID: PMC10957900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials offer rich tuning opportunities generated by different stacking configurations or by introducing intercalants into the vdW gaps. Current knowledge of the interplay between stacking polytypes and intercalation often relies on macroscopically averaged probes, which fail to pinpoint the exact atomic position and chemical state of the intercalants in real space. Here, by using atomic-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope, we visualize a stacking-selective self-intercalation phenomenon in thin films of the transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) Nb1+xSe2. We observe robust contrasts between 180°-stacked layers with large amounts of Nb intercalants inside their vdW gaps and 0°-stacked layers with little detectable intercalants inside their vdW gaps, coexisting on the atomic scale. First-principles calculations suggest that the films lie at the boundary of a phase transition from 0° to 180° stacking when the intercalant concentration x exceeds ~0.25, which we could attain in our films due to specific kinetic pathways. Our results offer not only renewed mechanistic insights into stacking and intercalation, but also open up prospects for engineering the functionality of TMDCs via stacking-selective self-intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Chao Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kathrin Küster
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Deuschle
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Masahiko Isobe
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dennis Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Peter A van Aken
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hidenori Takagi
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
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Lim K, Fenk B, Küster K, Acartürk T, Weiss J, Starke U, Popovic J, Maier J. Influence of Porosity of Sulfide-Based Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Their Performance with Liquid and Solid Electrolytes in Li and Na Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:16147-16156. [PMID: 35357146 PMCID: PMC9011351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Realization of all-solid-state batteries combined with metallic Li/Na is still hindered due to the unstable interface between the alkali metal and solid electrolytes, especially for highly promising thiophosphate materials. Artificial and uniform solid-electrolyte interphases (SEIs), serving as thin ion-conducting films, have been considered as a strategy to overcome the issues of such reactive interfaces. Here, we synthesized sulfide-based artificial SEIs (LixSy and NaxSy) on Li and Na by solid/gas reaction between the alkali metal and S vapor. The synthesized films are carefully characterized with various chemical/electrochemical techniques. We show that these artificial SEIs are not beneficial from an application point of view since they either contribute to additional resistances (Li) or do not prevent reactions at the alkali metal/electrolyte interface (Na). We show that NaxSy is more porous than LixSy, supported by (i) its rough morphology observed by focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy, (ii) the rapid decrease of Rinterface (interfacial resistance) in NaxSy-covered-Na symmetric cells with liquid electrolyte upon aging under open-circuit potential, and (iii) the increase of Rinterface in NaxSy-covered-Na solid-state symmetric cells with Na3PS4 electrolyte. The porous SEI allows the penetration of liquid electrolyte or alkali metal creep through its pores, resulting in a continuous chemical reaction. Hence, porosity of SEIs in general should be carefully taken into account in the application of batteries containing both liquid electrolyte and solid electrolyte.
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Liu H, Wang H, Song Q, Küster K, Starke U, van Aken PA, Klemm E. Assembling Metal Organic Layer Composites for High‐Performance Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institute of Technical Chemistry Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart GERMANY
| | - Hongguang Wang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy GERMANY
| | - Qian Song
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institute of Technical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Kathrin Küster
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung Interface Analysis GERMANY
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung Interface Analysis GERMANY
| | - Peter A. van Aken
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy GERMANY
| | - Elias Klemm
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institute of Technical Chemistry GERMANY
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Liu H, Wang H, Song Q, Küster K, Starke U, van Aken PA, Klemm E. Assembling Metal Organic Layer Composites for High-Performance Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202117058. [PMID: 34962341 PMCID: PMC9303648 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
2D metal-organic-framework (MOF) based composites have emerged as promising candidates for electrocatalysis due to their high structural flexibility and fully exposed active sites. Herein, a freestanding metal organic layer (MOL) with a 2D kgd (kagome dual) lattice was constructed with abundant surface oxygenate groups serving as anchoring sites to immobilize diverse guests. Taking Bi as an example, tetragonal Bi 2 O 3 nanowires can be uniformly grown on MOLs after solvothermal treatment, the structural evolution of which was followed by ex-situ electron microscopy. The as-prepared Bi 2 O 3 /MOL exhibits excellent CO 2 electroreduction activity towards formate reaching a specific current of 2.3 A·mg Bi -1 and Faradaic efficiencies of over 85% with a wide potential range from -0.87 to -1.17 V, far surpassing Bi 2 O 3 /UiO (a 3D Zr 6 -oxo based MOF) and Bi 2 O 3 /AB (Acetylene Black). Such a post-synthetic modification strategy can be flexibly extended to develop versatile MOL composites, highlighting the superiority of optimizing MOL based composites for electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, GERMANY
| | - Hongguang Wang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy, GERMANY
| | - Qian Song
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institute of Technical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Kathrin Küster
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Interface Analysis, GERMANY
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Interface Analysis, GERMANY
| | - Peter A van Aken
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research: Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy, GERMANY
| | - Elias Klemm
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart, Institute of Technical Chemistry, GERMANY
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Baker Cortés BD, Enache M, Küster K, Studener F, Lee T, Marets N, Bulach V, Hosseini MW, Stöhr M. Structural Transformation of Surface-Confined Porphyrin Networks by Addition of Co Atoms. Chemistry 2021; 27:12430-12436. [PMID: 34153154 PMCID: PMC8456947 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a nickel-porphyrin derivative (Ni-DPPyP) containing two pyridyl coordinating sites and two pentyl chains at trans meso positions was studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) on Au(111). Deposition of Ni-DPPyP onto Au(111) gave rise to a close-packed network for coverages smaller or equal to one monolayer as revealed by STM and LEED. The molecular arrangement of this two-dimensional network is stabilized via hydrogen bonds formed between the pyridyl's nitrogen and hydrogen atoms from the pyrrole groups of neighboring molecules. Subsequent deposition of cobalt atoms onto the close-packed network and post-deposition annealing at 423 K led to the formation of a Co-coordinated hexagonal porous network. As confirmed by XPS measurements, the porous network is stabilized by metal-ligand interactions between one cobalt atom and three pyridyl ligands, each pyridyl ligand coming from a different Ni-DPPyP molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Baker Cortés
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mihaela Enache
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Küster
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Present address: Max-Planck-Institut für FestkörperforschungHeisenbergstraße 170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Florian Studener
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Tien‐Lin Lee
- Diamond Light SourceHarwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Nicolas Marets
- Laboratoire de Tectonique MoléculaireUMR Unistra-CNRS 7140Université de Strasbourg4 rue BlaisePascal67070StrasbourgFrance
| | - Véronique Bulach
- Laboratoire de Tectonique MoléculaireUMR Unistra-CNRS 7140Université de Strasbourg4 rue BlaisePascal67070StrasbourgFrance
| | - Mir Wais Hosseini
- Laboratoire de Tectonique MoléculaireUMR Unistra-CNRS 7140Université de Strasbourg4 rue BlaisePascal67070StrasbourgFrance
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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6
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Wang P, Kappler J, Sievert B, Häcker J, Küster K, Starke U, Ziegler F, Buchmeiser MR. Characteristics of magnesium-sulfur batteries based on a sulfurized poly(acrylonitrile) composite and a fluorinated electrolyte. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Rosenzweig P, Karakachian H, Marchenko D, Küster K, Starke U. Overdoping Graphene beyond the van Hove Singularity. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:176403. [PMID: 33156643 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.176403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
At very high doping levels the van Hove singularity in the π^{*} band of graphene becomes occupied and exotic ground states possibly emerge, driven by many-body interactions. Employing a combination of ytterbium intercalation and potassium adsorption, we n dope epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide past the π^{*} van Hove singularity, up to a charge carrier density of 5.5×10^{14} cm^{-2}. This regime marks the unambiguous completion of a Lifshitz transition in which the Fermi surface topology has evolved from two electron pockets into a giant hole pocket. Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy confirms these changes to be driven by electronic structure renormalizations rather than a rigid band shift. Our results open up the previously unreachable beyond-van-Hove regime in the phase diagram of epitaxial graphene, thereby accessing an unexplored landscape of potential exotic phases in this prototype two-dimensional material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rosenzweig
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hrag Karakachian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dmitry Marchenko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Küster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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8
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Aprojanz J, Rosenzweig P, Nguyen TTN, Karakachian H, Küster K, Starke U, Lukosius M, Lippert G, Sinterhauf A, Wenderoth M, Zakharov AA, Tegenkamp C. High-Mobility Epitaxial Graphene on Ge/Si(100) Substrates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:43065-43072. [PMID: 32865383 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene was shown to reveal intriguing properties of its relativistic two-dimensional electron gas; however, its implementation to microelectronic applications is missing to date. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of epitaxial graphene on technologically relevant and in a standard CMOS process achievable Ge(100) epilayers grown on Si(100) substrates. Crystalline graphene monolayer structures were grown by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and in situ surface transport measurements, we demonstrate their metallic character both in momentum and real space. Despite numerous crystalline imperfections, e.g., grain boundaries and strong corrugation, as compared to epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001), charge carrier mobilities of 1 × 104 cm2/Vs were obtained at room temperature, which is a result of the quasi-charge neutrality within the graphene monolayers on germanium and not dependent on the presence of an interface oxide. The interface roughness due to the facet structure of the Ge(100) epilayer, formed during the CVD growth of graphene, can be reduced via subsequent in situ annealing up to 850 °C coming along with an increase in the mobility by 30%. The formation of a Ge(100)-(2 × 1) structure demonstrates the weak interaction and effective delamination of graphene from the Ge/Si(100) substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aprojanz
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz 09126, Germany
| | - Ph Rosenzweig
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - T T Nhung Nguyen
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz 09126, Germany
| | - H Karakachian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - K Küster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - U Starke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - M Lukosius
- Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, Frankfurt (Oder) 15236, Germany
| | - G Lippert
- Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, Frankfurt (Oder) 15236, Germany
| | - A Sinterhauf
- IV. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Wenderoth
- IV. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - A A Zakharov
- MAX IV Laboratory and Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - C Tegenkamp
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz 09126, Germany
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Nojabaee M, Küster K, Starke U, Popovic J, Maier J. Solid Electrolyte Interphase Evolution on Lithium Metal in Contact with Glyme-Based Electrolytes. Small 2020; 16:e2000756. [PMID: 32390324 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a prerogative for functional lithium metal batteries. Herein, the formation and evolution of such SEI in contact with glyme-based electrolytes is investigated under open circuit voltage and several constant current cycles. An important conclusion of the study is that Lix Sy species are nonbeneficial SEI components, compared to the Li3 N counterpart. In addition, chemical (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS) and electrochemical (impedance spectroscopy) evolution of SEI under galvanostatic conditions are comprehensively tracked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nojabaee
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Kathrin Küster
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Jelena Popovic
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Joachim Maier
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
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Küster K, Klöckner I, Stolz W, Coras-Stepanek B. [Nonhealing femoral ulcer]. Hautarzt 2017; 68:412-414. [PMID: 28116454 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-016-3931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Küster
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Umweltmedizin, Derma II (vormals Schwabing), Klinik Thalkirchner Straße, Städtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Thalkirchner Str. 48, 80337, München, Deutschland.
| | - I Klöckner
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Umweltmedizin, Derma II (vormals Schwabing), Klinik Thalkirchner Straße, Städtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Thalkirchner Str. 48, 80337, München, Deutschland
| | - W Stolz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Umweltmedizin, Derma II (vormals Schwabing), Klinik Thalkirchner Straße, Städtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Thalkirchner Str. 48, 80337, München, Deutschland
| | - B Coras-Stepanek
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Umweltmedizin, Derma II (vormals Schwabing), Klinik Thalkirchner Straße, Städtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Thalkirchner Str. 48, 80337, München, Deutschland
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Anders M, Rösch T, Küster K, Becker I, Höfler H, Stein HJ, Meining A, Wiedenmann B, Sarbia M. Expression and function of the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor in Barrett's esophagus and associated neoplasia. Cancer Gene Ther 2009; 16:508-15. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2008.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Loew H, Küster K, Ritzerfeld W. [Significance of the number of pathogens in the development of antibody titer and experimental pyelonephritis]. Int J Clin Pharmacol 1972; 6:276-84. [PMID: 4567538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Küster K. Zur Behandlung der Gicht. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1901. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1187088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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