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Zahoor A, Messerschmidt K, Boecker S, Klamt S. ATPase-based implementation of enforced ATP wasting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for improved ethanol production. Biotechnol Biofuels 2020; 13:185. [PMID: 33292464 PMCID: PMC7654063 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enforced ATP wasting has been recognized as a promising metabolic engineering strategy to enhance the microbial production of metabolites that are coupled to ATP generation. It also appears to be a suitable approach to improve production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the present study, we constructed different S. cerevisiae strains with heterologous expression of genes of the ATP-hydrolyzing F1-part of the ATPase enzyme to induce enforced ATP wasting and quantify the resulting effect on biomass and ethanol formation. RESULTS In contrast to genomic integration, we found that episomal expression of the αβγ subunits of the F1-ATPase genes of Escherichia coli in S. cerevisiae resulted in significantly increased ATPase activity, while neither genomic integration nor episomal expression of the β subunit from Trichoderma reesei could enhance ATPase activity. When grown in minimal medium under anaerobic growth-coupled conditions, the strains expressing E. coli's F1-ATPase genes showed significantly improved ethanol yield (increase of 10% compared to the control strain). However, elevated product formation reduces biomass formation and, therefore, volumetric productivity. We demonstrate that this negative effect can be overcome under growth-decoupled (nitrogen-starved) operation with high and constant biomass concentration. Under these conditions, which mimic the second (production) phase of a two-stage fermentation process, the ATPase-expressing strains showed significant improvement in volumetric productivity (up to 111%) compared to the control strain. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that expression of genes of the F1-portion of E. coli's ATPase induces ATPase activity in S. cerevisiae and can be a promising way to improve ethanol production. This ATP-wasting strategy can be easily applied to other metabolites of interest, whose formation is coupled to ATP generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zahoor
- Analysis and Redesign of Biological Networks, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Messerschmidt
- Analysis and Redesign of Biological Networks, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Simon Boecker
- Analysis and Redesign of Biological Networks, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Klamt
- Analysis and Redesign of Biological Networks, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
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2
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Rieck C, Geiger D, Munkert J, Messerschmidt K, Petersen J, Strasser J, Meitinger N, Kreis W. Biosynthetic approach to combine the first steps of cardenolide formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e925. [PMID: 31436030 PMCID: PMC6925150 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A yeast expression plasmid was constructed containing a cardenolide biosynthetic module, referred to as CARD II, using the AssemblX toolkit, which enables the assembly of large DNA constructs. The genes cloned into the vector were (a) a Δ5‐3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene from Digitalis lanata, (b) a steroid Δ5‐isomerase gene from Comamonas testosteronii, (c) a mutated steroid‐5β‐reductase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, and (d) a steroid 21‐hydroxylase gene from Mus musculus. A second plasmid bearing an ADR/ADX fusion gene from Bos taurus was also constructed. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain bearing these two plasmids was generated. This strain, termed “CARD II yeast”, was capable of producing 5β‐pregnane‐3β,21‐diol‐20‐one, a central intermediate in 5β‐cardenolide biosynthesis, starting from pregnenolone which was added to the culture medium. Using this approach, five consecutive steps in cardenolide biosynthesis were realized in baker's yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rieck
- Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Geiger
- Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Munkert
- Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Petersen
- Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juliane Strasser
- Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadine Meitinger
- Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kreis
- Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Abstract
![]()
One-carbon (C1) compounds are attractive
microbial feedstocks as
they can be efficiently produced from widely available resources.
Formate, in particular, represents a promising growth substrate, as
it can be generated from electrochemical reduction of CO2 and fed to microorganisms in a soluble form. We previously identified
the synthetic reductive glycine pathway as the most efficient route
for aerobic growth on formate. We further demonstrated pathway activity
in Escherichia coli after expression of both
native and foreign genes. Here, we explore whether the reductive glycine
pathway could be established in a model microorganism using only native
enzymes. We used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as host and show that overexpression of only endogenous enzymes
enables glycine biosynthesis from formate and CO2 in a
strain that is otherwise auxotrophic for glycine. We find the pathway
to be highly active in this host, where 0.125 mM formate is sufficient
to support growth. Notably, the formate-dependent growth rate of the
engineered S. cerevisiae strain remained roughly
constant over a very wide range of formate concentrations, 1–500
mM, indicating both high affinity for formate use and high tolerance
toward elevated concentration of this C1 feedstock. Our results, as
well the availability of endogenous NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase,
indicate that yeast might be an especially suitable host for engineering
growth on formate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian Machens
- Department Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katrin Messerschmidt
- University of Potsdam, Cell2Fab Research Unit, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arren Bar-Even
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Lukan T, Machens F, Coll A, Baebler Š, Messerschmidt K, Gruden K. Plant X-tender: An extension of the AssemblX system for the assembly and expression of multigene constructs in plants. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190526. [PMID: 29300787 PMCID: PMC5754074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloning multiple DNA fragments for delivery of several genes of interest into the plant genome is one of the main technological challenges in plant synthetic biology. Despite several modular assembly methods developed in recent years, the plant biotechnology community has not widely adopted them yet, probably due to the lack of appropriate vectors and software tools. Here we present Plant X-tender, an extension of the highly efficient, scar-free and sequence-independent multigene assembly strategy AssemblX, based on overlap-depended cloning methods and rare-cutting restriction enzymes. Plant X-tender consists of a set of plant expression vectors and the protocols for most efficient cloning into the novel vector set needed for plant expression and thus introduces advantages of AssemblX into plant synthetic biology. The novel vector set covers different backbones and selection markers to allow full design flexibility. We have included ccdB counterselection, thereby allowing the transfer of multigene constructs into the novel vector set in a straightforward and highly efficient way. Vectors are available as empty backbones and are fully flexible regarding the orientation of expression cassettes and addition of linkers between them, if required. We optimised the assembly and subcloning protocol by testing different scar-less assembly approaches: the noncommercial SLiCE and TAR methods and the commercial Gibson assembly and NEBuilder HiFi DNA assembly kits. Plant X-tender was applicable even in combination with low efficient homemade chemically competent or electrocompetent Escherichia coli. We have further validated the developed procedure for plant protein expression by cloning two cassettes into the newly developed vectors and subsequently transferred them to Nicotiana benthamiana in a transient expression setup. Thereby we show that multigene constructs can be delivered into plant cells in a streamlined and highly efficient way. Our results will support faster introduction of synthetic biology into plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Lukan
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
| | - Fabian Machens
- University of Potsdam, Cell2Fab Research Unit, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anna Coll
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Baebler
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Kristina Gruden
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Machens F, Balazadeh S, Mueller-Roeber B, Messerschmidt K. Synthetic Promoters and Transcription Factors for Heterologous Protein Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:63. [PMID: 29098147 PMCID: PMC5653697 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthogonal systems for heterologous protein expression as well as for the engineering of synthetic gene regulatory circuits in hosts like Saccharomyces cerevisiae depend on synthetic transcription factors (synTFs) and corresponding cis-regulatory binding sites. We have constructed and characterized a set of synTFs based on either transcription activator-like effectors or CRISPR/Cas9, and corresponding small synthetic promoters (synPs) with minimal sequence identity to the host’s endogenous promoters. The resulting collection of functional synTF/synP pairs confers very low background expression under uninduced conditions, while expression output upon induction of the various synTFs covers a wide range and reaches induction factors of up to 400. The broad spectrum of expression strengths that is achieved will be useful for various experimental setups, e.g., the transcriptional balancing of expression levels within heterologous pathways or the construction of artificial regulatory networks. Furthermore, our analyses reveal simple rules that enable the tuning of synTF expression output, thereby allowing easy modification of a given synTF/synP pair. This will make it easier for researchers to construct tailored transcriptional control systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Machens
- University of Potsdam, Cell2Fab Research Unit, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.,Department Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.,Department Molecular Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Hochrein L, Machens F, Messerschmidt K, Mueller-Roeber B. PhiReX: a programmable and red light-regulated protein expression switch for yeast. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:9193-9205. [PMID: 28911120 PMCID: PMC5587811 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly regulated induction systems enabling dose-dependent and reversible fine-tuning of protein expression output are beneficial for engineering complex biosynthetic pathways. To address this, we developed PhiReX, a novel red/far-red light-regulated protein expression system for use in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PhiReX is based on the combination of a customizable synTALE DNA-binding domain, the VP64 activation domain and the light-sensitive dimerization of the photoreceptor PhyB and its interacting partner PIF3 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Robust gene expression and high protein levels are achieved by combining genome integrated red light-sensing components with an episomal high-copy reporter construct. The gene of interest as well as the synTALE DNA-binding domain can be easily exchanged, allowing the flexible regulation of any desired gene by targeting endogenous or heterologous promoter regions. To allow low-cost induction of gene expression for industrial fermentation processes, we engineered yeast to endogenously produce the chromophore required for the effective dimerization of PhyB and PIF3. Time course experiments demonstrate high-level induction over a period of at least 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hochrein
- University of Potsdam, Cell2Fab Research Unit, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fabian Machens
- University of Potsdam, Cell2Fab Research Unit, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katrin Messerschmidt
- University of Potsdam, Cell2Fab Research Unit, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- University of Potsdam, Department of Molecular Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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7
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Naseri G, Balazadeh S, Machens F, Kamranfar I, Messerschmidt K, Mueller-Roeber B. Plant-Derived Transcription Factors for Orthologous Regulation of Gene Expression in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:1742-1756. [PMID: 28531348 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Control of gene expression by transcription factors (TFs) is central in many synthetic biology projects for which a tailored expression of one or multiple genes is often needed. As TFs from evolutionary distant organisms are unlikely to affect gene expression in a host of choice, they represent excellent candidates for establishing orthogonal control systems. To establish orthogonal regulators for use in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), we chose TFs from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We established a library of 106 different combinations of chromosomally integrated TFs, activation domains (yeast GAL4 AD, herpes simplex virus VP64, and plant EDLL) and synthetic promoters harboring cognate cis-regulatory motifs driving a yEGFP reporter. Transcriptional output of the different driver/reporter combinations varied over a wide spectrum, with EDLL being a considerably stronger transcription activation domain in yeast than the GAL4 activation domain, in particular when fused to Arabidopsis NAC TFs. Notably, the strength of several NAC-EDLL fusions exceeded that of the strong yeast TDH3 promoter by 6- to 10-fold. We furthermore show that plant TFs can be used to build regulatory systems encoded by centromeric or episomal plasmids. Our library of TF-DNA binding site combinations offers an excellent tool for diverse synthetic biology applications in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Plant
Signalling Group, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Plant
Signalling Group, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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8
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Hochrein L, Machens F, Gremmels J, Schulz K, Messerschmidt K, Mueller-Roeber B. AssemblX: a user-friendly toolkit for rapid and reliable multi-gene assemblies. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e80. [PMID: 28130422 PMCID: PMC5449548 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of large DNA constructs coding for entire pathways poses a major challenge in the field of synthetic biology. Here, we present AssemblX, a novel, user-friendly and highly efficient multi-gene assembly strategy. The software-assisted AssemblX process allows even unexperienced users to rapidly design, build and test DNA constructs with currently up to 25 functional units, from 75 or more subunits. At the gene level, AssemblX uses scar-free, overlap-based and sequence-independent methods, allowing the unrestricted design of transcriptional units without laborious parts domestication. The assembly into multi-gene modules is enabled via a standardized, highly efficient, polymerase chain reaction-free and virtually sequence-independent scheme, which relies on rare cutting restriction enzymes and optimized adapter sequences. Selection and marker switching strategies render the whole process reliable, rapid and very effective. The assembly product can be easily transferred to any desired expression host, making AssemblX useful for researchers from various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hochrein
- University of Potsdam, Cell2Fab Research Unit, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fabian Machens
- University of Potsdam, Cell2Fab Research Unit, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Juergen Gremmels
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karina Schulz
- University of Potsdam, Cell2Fab Research Unit, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katrin Messerschmidt
- University of Potsdam, Cell2Fab Research Unit, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Department of Molecular Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Hanack K, Messerschmidt K, Listek M. Antibodies and Selection of Monoclonal Antibodies. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2016; 917:11-22. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32805-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Messerschmidt K, Neumann-Schaal M, Heilmann K. Use of antibody gene library for the isolation of specific single chain antibodies by ampicillinantigen conjugates (P3378). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.135.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Isolation of recombinant antibodies from antibody libraries is commonly performed by different molecular display formats including phage display and ribosome display or different cellsurface display formats. We describe a new method which allows the selection of Escherichia coli cells producing the required single chain antibody by cultivation in presence of ampicillin conjugated to the antigen of interest. The method utilizes the neutralization of the conjugate by the produced single chain antibody which is secreted to the periplasm. Therefore, a new expression system based on the pET26b vector was designed and a library was constructed. The method was successfully established first for the selection of E. coli BL21 Star (DE3) cells expressing a model single chain antibody (antifluorescein) by a simple selection assay on LB-agar plates. Using this selection assay, we could identify a new single-chain antibody binding biotin by growing E. coli BL21 Star (DE3) containing the library in presence of a biotin-ampicillin conjugate. In contrast to methods as molecular or cell surface display our selection system applies the soluble single chain antibody molecule and thereby avoids undesired effects e.g. by the phage particle or the yeast fusion protein. By selecting directly in an expression strain, production and characterization of the selected single chain antibody is possible without any further cloning or transformation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katja Heilmann
- 1Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Neumann-Schaal M, Messerschmidt K, Grenz N, Heilmann K. Use of antibody gene library for the isolation of specific single chain antibodies by ampicillin-antigen conjugates. Immunol Lett 2013; 151:39-43. [PMID: 23453960 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of recombinant antibodies from antibody libraries is commonly performed by different molecular display formats including phage display and ribosome display or different cell-surface display formats. We describe a new method which allows the selection of Escherichia coli cells producing the required single chain antibody by cultivation in presence of ampicillin conjugated to the antigen of interest. The method utilizes the neutralization of the conjugate by the produced single chain antibody which is secreted to the periplasm. Therefore, a new expression system based on the pET26b vector was designed and a library was constructed. The method was successfully established first for the selection of E. coli BL21 Star (DE3) cells expressing a model single chain antibody (anti-fluorescein) by a simple selection assay on LB-agar plates. Using this selection assay, we could identify a new single chain antibody binding biotin by growing E. coli BL21 Star (DE3) containing the library in presence of a biotin-ampicillin conjugate. In contrast to methods as molecular or cell surface display our selection system applies the soluble single chain antibody molecule and thereby avoids undesired effects, e.g. by the phage particle or the yeast fusion protein. By selecting directly in an expression strain, production and characterization of the selected single chain antibody is possible without any further cloning or transformation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Neumann-Schaal
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Junior Research Group Antibody Technologies, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Golm, Germany.
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Messerschmidt K, Heilmann K. Toxin-antigen conjugates as selection tools for antibody producing cells. J Immunol Methods 2012; 387:167-72. [PMID: 23098839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The generation of antibodies with designated specificity requires cost-intensive and time-consuming screening procedures. Here we present a new method by which hybridoma cells can be selected based on the specificity of the produced antibody by the use of antigen-toxin-conjugates thus eliminating the need of a screening procedure. Initial experiments were done with methotrexate as low molecular weight toxin and fluorescein as model antigen. Methotrexate and a methotrexate-fluorescein conjugate were characterized regarding their toxicity. Afterwards the effect of the fluorescein-specific antibody B13-DE1 on the toxicity of the methotrexate-fluorescein conjugate was determined. Finally, first results showed that hybridoma cells that produce fluorescein specific antibodies are able to grow in the presence of fluorescein-toxin-conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Messerschmidt
- Junior Research Group Antibody Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Messerschmidt K, Hempel S, Holzlöhner P, Ulrich RG, Wagner D, Heilmann K. IgA antibody production by intrarectal immunization of mice using recombinant major capsid protein of hamster polyomavirus. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2012; 2:231-8. [PMID: 24688770 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.2.2012.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral proteins are highly antigenic and known as potent stimulators of adaptive immune responses. This mechanism is often used for biotechnological applications in monoclonal antibody production resulting in high-affinity IgG antibodies in most cases. The aim of this study was to increase antigen-specific IgA antibody levels in mice in order to generate monoclonal IgA antibodies by hybridoma technology. For this purpose, hamster polyomavirus (HaPyV) major capsid protein VP1 was used to immunize mice by different routes in order to induce VP1-specific IgA titers. Recombinant HaPyV-VP1 was generated in Escherichia coli and administered intraperitoneally, orally, and intrarectally. VP1-specific antibodies were determined by ELISA in sera and organ culture supernatants. We found a significant increase of HaPyV-VP1-specific IgAs in spleen organ cultures after rectal immunization of mice but not in cultures of mesenteric lymph nodes, colon, or Peyer's patches. In contrast, oral and intraperitoneal immunization did not provide an appropriate specific IgA induction at all. These results show that specific IgA antibodies can be induced by intrarectal immunization in the spleen. The generation of monoclonal IgA antibodies with well-defined properties is a useful tool for the investigation of mucosal immune responses or autoimmune diseases and extends the spectrum of antibodies with specific effector functions.
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Heß AK, Bartel M, Roth K, Messerschmidt K, Heilmann K, Kenchington E, Micheel B, Stuckas H. Expression of M6 and M7 lysin in Mytilus edulis is not restricted to sperm, but occurs also in oocytes and somatic tissue of males and females. Mol Reprod Dev 2012; 79:517-24. [PMID: 22674895 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sperm proteins of marine sessile invertebrates have been extensively studied to understand the molecular basis of reproductive isolation. Apart from molecules such as bindin of sea urchins or lysin of abalone species, the acrosomal protein M7 lysin of Mytilus edulis has been analyzed. M7 lysin was found to be under positive selection, but mechanisms driving the evolution of this protein are not fully understood. To explore functional aspects, this study investigated the protein expression pattern of M7 and M6 lysin in gametes and somatic tissue of male and female M. edulis. The study employs a previously published monoclonal antibody (G26-AG8) to investigate M6 and M7 lysin protein expression, and explores expression of both genes. It is shown that these proteins and their encoding genes are expressed in gametes and somatic tissue of both sexes. This is in contrast to sea urchin bindin and abalone lysin, in which gene expression is strictly limited to males. Although future studies need to clarify the functional importance of both acrosomal proteins in male and female somatic tissue, new insights into the evolution of sperm proteins in marine sessile invertebrates are possible. This is because proteins with male-specific expression (bindin, lysin) might evolve differently than proteins with expression in both sexes (M6/M7 lysin), and the putative function of both proteins in females opens the possibility that the evolution of M6/M7 lysin is under sexual antagonistic selection, for example, mutations beneficial to the acrosomal function that are less beneficial the function in somatic tissue of females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrin Heß
- Junior Research Group Antibody Technologies, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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15
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Abstract
The monoclonal antibody B13-DE1 binds fluorescein, several fluorescein derivatives, and three peptide mimotopes. Our results revealed that this antibody also catalyzed the redox reaction of resazurin to resorufin, which are both structurally related to fluorescein. By using sodium sulfite as a reducing agent, the antibody B13-DE1 lowered the activation energy of this reaction. The Michaelis-Menten constant and turnover number of the catalyzed reaction were determined as 4.2 µmol/l and 0.0056 s(-1) , respectively. Because the results showed that fluorescein inhibited the catalytic activity of the antibody, we assume that the antigen-binding site and the catalytic active site are identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Messerschmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Strasse 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany.
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Messerschmidt K. Natural alternatives for the common cold: hype or hope? S D J Med 2001; 54:93-4. [PMID: 11280018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Messerschmidt K. A prescription for prevention. S D J Med 1999; 52:225-6. [PMID: 10429557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Messerschmidt K. Low-molecular-weight heparins: a new generation of anticoagulants. S D J Med 1998; 51:47-48. [PMID: 9509889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Messerschmidt K. Theophylline: taking it to a new level. S D J Med 1996; 49:201-2. [PMID: 8693341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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