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Solone XKV, Caldara AL, Wells B, Qiao H, Wade LR, Salerno JC, Helms KA, Smith KER, McMurry JL, Chrestensen CA. MAP kinases differentially bind and phosphorylate NOS3 via two unique NOS3 sites. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1075-1086. [PMID: 35182051 PMCID: PMC9063426 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) is a major vasoprotective enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of l‐arginine to nitric oxide (NO) in response to a significant number of signaling pathways. Here, we provide evidence that NOS3 interactions with MAP kinases have physiological relevance. Binding interactions of NOS3 with c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK1α1), p38α, and ERK2 were characterized using optical biosensing with full‐length NOS3 and NOS3 specific peptides and phosphopeptides. Like p38α and ERK2, JNK1α1 exhibited high‐affinity binding to full‐length NOS3 (KD 15 nm). Rate constants exhibited fast‐on, slow‐off binding (kon = 4106 m−1s−1; koff = 6.2 × 10‐5 s−1). Further analysis using synthetic NOS3 peptides revealed two MAP kinase binding sites unique to NOS3. p38α evinced similar affinity with both NOS3 binding sites. For ERK2 and JNK1α1, the affinity at the two sites differed. However, NOS3 peptides with a phosphate at either S114 or S633 did not meaningfully interact with the kinases. Immunoblotting revealed that each kinase phosphorylated NOS3 with a unique pattern. JNK1α1 predominantly phosphorylated NOS3 at S114, ERK2 at S600, and p38α phosphorylated both residues. In vitro production of NO was unchanged by phosphorylation at these sites. In human microvascular endothelial cells, endogenous interactions of all the MAP kinases with NOS3 were captured using proximity ligation assay in resting cells. Our results underscore the importance of MAP kinase interactions, identifying two unique NOS3 interaction sites with potential for modulation by MAP kinase phosphorylation (S114) and other signaling inputs, like protein kinase A (S633).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xzaviar K V Solone
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Amber L Caldara
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Brady Wells
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Hao Qiao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Lydia R Wade
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - John C Salerno
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Katy A Helms
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.,Wake Forest Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katherine E R Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan L McMurry
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Carol A Chrestensen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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McMurry JL, Minamino T, Furukawa Y, Francis JW, Hill SA, Helms KA, Namba K. Weak Interactions between Salmonella enterica FlhB and Other Flagellar Export Apparatus Proteins Govern Type III Secretion Dynamics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134884. [PMID: 26244937 PMCID: PMC4526367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial flagellum contains its own type III secretion apparatus that coordinates protein export with assembly at the distal end. While many interactions among export apparatus proteins have been reported, few have been examined with respect to the differential affinities and dynamic relationships that must govern the mechanism of export. FlhB, an integral membrane protein, plays critical roles in both export and the substrate specificity switching that occurs upon hook completion. Reported herein is the quantitative characterization of interactions between the cytoplasmic domain of FlhB (FlhBC) and other export apparatus proteins including FliK, FlhAC and FliI. FliK and FlhAC bound with micromolar affinity. KD for FliI binding in the absence of ATP was 84 nM. ATP-induced oligomerization of FliI induced kinetic changes, stimulating fast-on, fast-off binding and lowering affinity. Full length FlhB purified under solubilizing, nondenaturing conditions formed a stable dimer via its transmembrane domain and stably bound FliH. Together, the present results support the previously hypothesized central role of FlhB and elucidate the dynamics of protein-protein interactions in type III secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. McMurry
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Furukawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joshua W. Francis
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A. Hill
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Katy A. Helms
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Keiichi Namba
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Brown CC, Helms KA, Hill SA, Ghosh D, Salerno JC, McMurry JL. Kinetic characterization of calmodulin‐troponin C chimeras binding to endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthases. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.984.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katy A. Helms
- Chemistry & BiochemistryKennesaw State UniversityKennesawGA
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Hill SA, Helms KA, Brown CC, Benoit SL, Maier RJ, McMurry JL. Kinetic characterization of binding among Helicobacter pylori nickel maturation enzyme accessory proteins. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.984.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katy A. Helms
- Chemistry & BiochemistryKennesaw State UniversityKennesawGA
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