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Suarez ML, Schlaeger JM, Angulo V, Shuey DA, Carrasco J, Roach KL, Ezenwa MO, Yao Y, Wang ZJ, Molokie RE, Wilkie DJ. Keys to Recruiting and Retaining Seriously Ill African Americans With Sickle Cell Disease in Longitudinal Studies: Respectful Engagement and Persistence. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2019; 37:123-128. [PMID: 31394904 PMCID: PMC6933076 DOI: 10.1177/1049909119868657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a serious illness with disabling acute and chronic pain that needs better therapies, but insufficient patient participation in research is a major impediment to advancing SCD pain management. The purpose of this article is to discuss the challenges of conducting an SCD study and approaches to successfully overcoming those challenges. DESIGN In a repeated-measures, longitudinal study designed to characterize SCD pain phenotypes, we recruited 311 adults of African ancestry. Adults with SCD completed 4 study visits 6 months apart, and age- and gender-matched healthy controls completed 1 visit. RESULTS We recruited and completed measures on 186 patients with SCD and 125 healthy controls. We retained 151 patients with SCD with data at 4 time points over 18 months and 125 healthy controls (1 time point) but encountered many challenges in recruitment and study visit completion. Enrollment delays often arose from patients' difficulty in taking time from their complicated lives and frequent pain episodes. Once scheduled, participants with SCD cancelled 49% of visits often because of pain; controls canceled 30% of their scheduled visits. To facilitate recruitment and retention, we implemented a number of strategies that were invaluable in our success. CONCLUSION Patients' struggles with illness, chronic pain, and their life situations resulted in many challenges to recruitment and completion of study visits. Important to overcoming challenges was gaining the trust of patients with SCD and a participant-centered approach. Early identification of potential problems allowed strategies to be instituted proactively, leading to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L Suarez
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Judith M Schlaeger
- Department of Women, Children & Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Veronica Angulo
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - David A Shuey
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jesus Carrasco
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Keesha L Roach
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Miriam O Ezenwa
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Yingwei Yao
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Zaijie Jim Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert E Molokie
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Diana J Wilkie
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Roach KL, Hershberger PE, Rutherford JN, Molokie RE, Wang ZJ, Wilkie DJ. The AVPR1A Gene and Its Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs10877969: A Literature Review of Associations with Health Conditions and Pain. Pain Manag Nurs 2018; 19:430-444. [PMID: 29503216 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is the quintessential symptom for individuals suffering from sickle cell disease (SCD). Although the degree of suffering and the cost of treatment are staggering, SCD continues to be grossly understudied, including a lack of data for pain-related genes and prevalence of polymorphisms in this population. This lack of data adds to the inadequacy of pain therapy in this population. Pain genetics investigators have recently examined allele frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms from candidate genes in people who have SCD. One of the genes identified was the arginine vasopressin receptor 1A gene (AVPR1A) and its associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10877969. Progress in explaining pain-related polymorphisms associated with SCD can be facilitated by understanding the literature. Aim/Design: The purpose of this literature review was to describe mechanisms of the polymorphic gene AVPR1A and the phenotypic variations associated with its SNPs relative to health conditions and pain. METHODS Published studies were included if the research addressed AVPR1A and was a full article in a peer-reviewed journal, in the English language, a human or animal study, and published 2009 to present. Abstracts were included if they were in English and provided information not found in a full article. RESULTS The results of this review revealed that AVPR1A is associated with behavioral phenotypes, which include pair bonding, autism spectrum disorder, musical aptitude, infidelity, altruism, monogamy, mating, substance abuse, and alcohol preference. In addition, there were associations with pain, stress pain by sex, and sickle cell pain. CONCLUSION Summary of this literature could provide insights into future pain research of this SNP in people with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keesha L Roach
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Patricia E Hershberger
- Department of Health Systems Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Julienne N Rutherford
- Department of Women, Child, and Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert E Molokie
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jessie Brown Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zaijie Jim Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Diana J Wilkie
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida
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