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Mumbleau M, Chevance F, Hughes K, Hammond MC. Investigating the Effect of RNA Scaffolds on the Multicolor Fluorogenic Aptamer Pepper in Different Bacterial Species. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1093-1099. [PMID: 38593047 PMCID: PMC11037261 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
RNA synthetic biology tools have primarily been applied in E. coli; however, many other bacteria are of industrial and clinical significance. Thus, the multicolor fluorogenic aptamer Pepper was evaluated in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Suitable HBC-Pepper dye pairs were identified that give blue, green, or red fluorescence signals in the E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Furthermore, we found that different RNA scaffolds have a drastic effect on in vivo fluorescence, which did not correlate with the in vitro folding efficiency. One such scaffold termed DF30-tRNA displays 199-fold greater fluorescence than the Pepper aptamer alone and permits simultaneous dual color imaging in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline
M. Mumbleau
- Department
of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Fabienne Chevance
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kelly Hughes
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ming C. Hammond
- Department
of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Hughes K, Conaway E, Blackwell E, Rout E, Yoshimoto J, Burnett R, Avery A. Canine T zone lymphoma is a tumor of mature, previously activated αβ T cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 269:110725. [PMID: 38359755 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
T cell lymphomas are a diverse group of tumors found in both dogs and humans, originating from various normal T cell types. Identifying the origin of neoplastic lymphocytes can offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis and clinical behavior of these tumors. T zone lymphoma (TZL) in dogs is characterized by the absence of CD45 expression, a strong breed predilection, and its association with adult-onset demodicosis-a condition believed to be linked to immunosuppression. In this study, our aim was to employ transcriptomic and functional data to determine the normal counterpart of TZL. Identifying the normal counterpart may help us understand both how these tumors arise and explain their clinical behavior. Gene expression profiling using NanoString and RNA seq was used to compare the transcriptome between neoplastic T zone cells, normal canine T cells and publicly available gene sets using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Mitogen, anti-CD3 stimulation and PMA/ionomycin stimulation were used to assess T cell proliferation in vitro, and intracellular cytokine production was measured by flow cytometry. Gene expression profiling revealed that TZL is most likely derived from an activated or memory alpha-beta T cell but the cells do not fall cleanly into an effector subtype. TZL cells express CD4-specific transcription factors GATA3 and THPOK, even though TZL cells more commonly express CD8, or neither CD4 nor CD8. TZL cells produce high levels of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha when stimulated, further supporting the hypothesis that they are derived from an antigen experienced T cell. TZL cells do not proliferate when stimulated through the T cell receptor but will divide when the T cell receptor is bypassed with PMA and ionomycin. The observation that these cells are derived from a mature, previously activated T cell is the first step in understanding the genesis of this unique T cell tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hughes
- Clinical Hematopathology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Evan Conaway
- Clinical Hematopathology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Emily Blackwell
- Clinical Hematopathology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Emily Rout
- Clinical Hematopathology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Janna Yoshimoto
- Clinical Hematopathology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Robert Burnett
- Clinical Hematopathology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Anne Avery
- Clinical Hematopathology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.
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Griffin MA, Hughes K, Altwal J, Seguin B, Wustefeld-Janssens B. Grade shifts in recurrent canine soft tissue sarcomas and mast cell tumors. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1-8. [PMID: 37257826 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.01.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of histologic grade shift (alteration of grade relative to the original tumor) in recurrent canine soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and mast cell tumor (MCT), and to determine the level of agreement between blinded pathologist review and original histology interpretation of STS and MCT grades. ANIMALS 15 dogs with recurrent cutaneous/subcutaneous STS and 5 dogs with recurrent cutaneous MCT. All included dogs underwent excision of both the primary and recurrent tumors and had tumor samples available for review. PROCEDURES The medical records and histology database from a single institution were reviewed, and data were recorded and analyzed. A single board-certified veterinary pathologist performed blinded evaluation of all excisional tumor samples, including both primary and recurrent disease, and these were evaluated independently and in conjunction with initial pathologic diagnoses. RESULTS Based on single pathologist review, 7 of 15 (46.7%) dogs with recurrent STS had grade shift characterized by a higher or lower recurrent tumor grade in 4 of 7 and 3 of 7 cases, respectively, and 1 of 5 dogs with recurrent MCT had grade shift characterized by an increased grade of the recurrent tumor. Variability in reported grade between original histology report and pathologist review occurred for 13 of 30 (43.3%) STS excisional biopsy samples and 0 of 10 MCT excisional biopsy samples. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Grade shift has been reported in multiple tumor types in people and has the potential to alter prognosis and treatment recommendations. This is the first study to document this phenomenon in dogs. Additional large-scale studies are needed to determine factors associated with grade shift as well as prognostic significance of grade shift for recurrent canine STS and MCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Griffin
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Kelly Hughes
- 2Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Johnny Altwal
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Bernard Seguin
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Brandan Wustefeld-Janssens
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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4
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Hughes K, Ford H, Thangaratinam S, Brennecke S, Mol BW, Wang R. Diagnosis or prognosis? An umbrella review of mid-trimester cervical length and spontaneous preterm birth. BJOG 2023; 130:866-879. [PMID: 36871557 PMCID: PMC10953024 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical length is widely used to assess a woman's risk of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). OBJECTIVES To summarise and critically appraise the evidence from systematic reviews on the prognostic capacity of transvaginal sonographic cervical length in the second trimester in asymptomatic women with singleton or twin pregnancy. SEARCH STRATEGY Searches were performed in Medline, Embase, CINAHL and grey literature from 1 January 1995 to 6 July 2021, including keywords 'cervical length', 'preterm birth', 'obstetric labour, premature', 'review' and others, without language restriction. SELECTION CRITERIA We included systematic reviews including women who did not receive treatments to reduce SPTB risk. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS From 2472 articles, 14 systematic reviews were included. Summary statistics were independently extracted by two reviewers, tabulated and analysed descriptively. The ROBIS tool was used to evaluate risk of bias of included systematic reviews. MAIN RESULTS Twelve reviews performed meta-analyses: two were reported as systematic reviews of prognostic factor studies, ten used diagnostic test accuracy methodology. Ten systematic reviews were at high or unclear risk of bias. Meta-analyses reported up to 80 combinations of cervical length, gestational age at measurement and definition of preterm birth. Cervical length was consistently associated with SPTB, with a likelihood ratio for a positive test of 1.70-142. CONCLUSIONS The ability of cervical length to predict SPTB is a prognostic research question; systematic reviews typically analysed diagnostic test accuracy. Individual participant data meta-analysis using prognostic factor research methods is recommended to better quantify how well transvaginal ultrasonographic cervical length can predict SPTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Heather Ford
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shakila Thangaratinam
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Women's Health, Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Shaun Brennecke
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine & Pregnancy Research CentreRoyal Women's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ben W. Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Haynes D, Hughes K, Haas M, Richards GL, Robinson B. Breast Cancer Champions: a peer-to-peer education and mobile mammography program improving breast cancer screening rates for women of African heritage. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:625-633. [PMID: 37133574 PMCID: PMC10154761 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nationally, women of African heritage die at higher rates from breast cancer than women of other races or ethnicities. We developed Breast Cancer Champions (BCC) a peer-to-peer education program, which recruited 12 women and deployed them into the community in August 2020 during the height of the COVID pandemic. BCC aims to improve breast cancer screening rates for women of African heritage through peer-to-peer education, which has proven successful for addressing cancer-related health disparities. METHODS BCC community experts, or "Champions," are peer-to-peer educators that conduct awareness and screening events in their communities. Champion's education activities were tracked by bi-weekly check-in calls, which recorded the activity type, location, and the number of participants for each event. We used spatial and statistical analyses to determine the efficacy of the program at increasing screening rates for women within the area of Champion activity versus women outside of their activity area. RESULTS Over 15 months, Champions conducted 245 in-person or online events to engage women in their community for screening. More women of African heritage were screened in areas Champions were active during the intervention compared to historical data comparing areas outside of the Champion activity in the prior 15 months (X 2 = 3.0845, p = 0.079). CONCLUSION BCC successes could be attributed to pivoting to online community building when in-person events were restricted and enabling Champions to design and conduct their own events, which increased outreach possibilities. We demonstrate improved screening outcomes associated with an updated peer-to-peer education program.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Haynes
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street SE, Suite 8-110, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Kelly Hughes
- Sage Programs, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, 55164, USA
| | - McKenna Haas
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Gay Lynn Richards
- Sage Programs, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, 55164, USA
| | - Benita Robinson
- Sage Programs, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, 55164, USA
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Coyle L, Gallagher C, Graney N, Kukla L, Paliga R, Hughes K, Schultz K, Schuldt A, Sulemanjee N, Joshi A, Macaluso G, Pauwaa S, Pillarella J, Sciamanna C, Monaco J, Kabbany M, Cotts W, Narang N, Pappas P, Tatooles A, Chau V. Multicenter Analysis of Outcomes in Non-Trial versus Trial-Like Patients with Commercial Heartmate 3 LVAD. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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7
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Suthar PP, Hughes K, Mafraji M, Dua SG. Correlation between Sagittal Angle of the Trigeminal Nerve and the Grade of Neurovascular Conflict. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:E18-E19. [PMID: 36822827 PMCID: PMC10187803 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P P Suthar
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicago, Illinois
| | - K Hughes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicago, Illinois
| | - M Mafraji
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicago, Illinois
| | - S G Dua
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicago, Illinois
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Hughes K, Li Q, Feng Z, Oliveira I, Dey J. ASSESSING THE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NURSING HOME CLOSURES. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9770149 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The media has reported recent increases in nursing home closures. This study examined closures from 2011-2019, identified facility and market characteristics associated with closures, and assessed the impact of closures on quality and access. We identified closures using termination dates and gaps in certification surveys and conducted descriptive and multivariate analysis. We identified 1,220 closures, with large increases in closure rates in 2018 and 2019 and geographic clusters. Chain facilities, urban facilities and smaller facilities were more likely to close, as were facilities with higher percentages of non-white and Medicaid residents. Staffing and quality five-star ratings had a nonlinear relationship with closure, which suggests Medicaid funding may impact closures rates. We found both the number of beds per 1,000 elderly and occupancy rates decreased, including in high-quality facilities. Closures should be examined further in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hughes
- RTI International, Research Triangle, North Carolina, United States
| | - Qinghua Li
- RTI International, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Zhanlian Feng
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Iara Oliveira
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Judith Dey
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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Hughes K, Feng Z, Oliveira I. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH-RISK DISCHARGES FROM NURSING FACILITIES. Innov Aging 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Although some nursing facility discharges are appropriate or an individual’s choice, others may be facility-initiated discharges (FIDs) that are potentially inappropriate. Since FIDs cannot be observed directly in available data, this study focused on live discharges of residents with risk factors for FIDs from 2011-2017. We defined risk factors as characteristics identified in prior literature that were more prevalent among residents discharged live than residents not discharged in our analysis. We found the following risk factors: severe behavioral symptoms; impairments requiring more staff time; and transition to Medicaid eligibility. Psychiatric and mood disorders were not identified in prior literature but also associated with live discharge. Risk factors were consistent across years but varied by state and facility type. For-profit, chain, and government facilities were most likely to discharge residents with risk factors. Furthermore, the rates of post-discharge acute care use were highest among residents with risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hughes
- RTI International , Research Triangle, North Carolina , United States
| | - Zhanlian Feng
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Iara Oliveira
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation , Washington, District of Columbia , United States
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Bergomi V, Beck S, Dobromylskyj M, Davison LJ, Wills JW, Hughes K. Insulin expression in β cells is reduced within islets before islet loss in diabetic cats. J Small Anim Pract 2022; 63:809-815. [PMID: 35986507 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus is a common condition that requires intensive treatment and markedly impacts the welfare of affected cats. The aim of this study was to identify diabetes mellitus-associated perturbations in the feline pancreatic islet microenvironment. The utility of "clear, unobstructed brain/body imaging cocktails and computational analysis" (CUBIC) for three-dimensional pancreatic analysis was investigated. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from cats with diabetes mellitus, or control cats without pancreatic pathology, were retrospectively identified. Immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin and ionised calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, and immunofluorescence for insulin and synaptophysin, were used to assess changes in islets. An image analysis pipeline was developed to analyse images acquired from two-dimensional immunofluorescence. CUBIC was used to optically clear selected pancreas samples before immunofluorescence and deep three-dimensional confocal microscopy. RESULTS Diabetic cats have a significant reduction in synaptophysin-positive islet area. Whilst islets from diabetic patients have similar numbers of β cells to islets from control cats, significantly lower intensity of insulin expression can be observed in the former. CUBIC facilitates clear visualisation of pancreatic islets in three dimensions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The data presented support the theory that there is a decrease in function of β cells before their destruction, suggesting a potentially significant step in the pathogenesis of feline diabetes mellitus. In parallel, we demonstrate CUBIC as a valuable new tool to visualise the shape of feline pancreatic islets and to interrogate pathology occurring in the islets of diabetic pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bergomi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.,Mercer & Hughes Veterinary Surgeons, Saffron Walden, CB11 3JB, UK
| | - S Beck
- VPG Histology, Horner Court, Bristol, BS7 0BJ, UK.,Independent Anatomic Pathology Ltd, Bath, UK
| | | | - L J Davison
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J W Wills
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - K Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
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Reichardt A, Hughes K, Hou W, Yang X, Clouston S, Luft B, Arcan C. Nutrition Intervention to Reduce Body Weight and Systemic Inflammation among World Trade Center Responders with PTSD: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.06.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Geller A, Baciu A, Aidoo R, Alemayehu S, Andrada CI, Chen E, Dao A, Flattum-Riemers T, Forbes C, Gabriel A, Garcia JL, Gardiner C, Gonyea O, Graydon E, Henry-Smith C, Hughes K, Jammes C, Jones JH, Jeong EK(G, Lammers J, Lu Y, Mason E, McIntyre M, Mencke J, Mielke S, Moye C, O’Brien E, Okoroajuzie A, Po M, Richmond M, Sadel J, Scott R, Sharma A, Southwick F, Theard P, Wanek A, Wasson K, Yo S, Yo S. Eighth Annual DC Public Health Case Challenge: Addressing Infectious Diseases Using a Population Health Approach: Prevention and Control of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections in Young Adults 18-24. NAM Perspect 2022; 2022:202208a. [PMID: 36713774 PMCID: PMC9875853 DOI: 10.31478/202208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Geller
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
| | - Alina Baciu
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Amanda Dao
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaime Mencke
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Remle Scott
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
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13
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Jin W, Hughes K, Sim S, Shemer S, Sheehan PM. Abnormal vaginal flora and spontaneous preterm birth in high-risk singleton pregnancies with cervical cerclage. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:9983-9990. [PMID: 35686697 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate abnormal vaginal and suture-based bacterial flora for associations with spontaneous preterm birth in high-risk singleton pregnancies with an ultrasound-indicated or emergency cervical cerclage. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of 196 singleton pregnancies with an ultrasound-indicated or emergency cerclage at the Royal Women's Hospital, Australia, from 2004 to 2018. High vaginal swabs were collected regularly between 14 and 26 weeks' gestation, including pre- and post-cerclage insertion, and sent for microscopy and culture. Cervical suture was cultured upon removal. Primary outcomes were spontaneous preterm birth <37, <34 and <30 weeks. RESULTS 43.4% (85/196) of women delivered preterm. The acquisition and persistence of vaginal Escherichia coli following cerclage insertion were independently associated with spontaneous preterm birth <37 weeks (p = .0225, p = .0477). Escherichia coli growth from the cervical suture upon removal was associated with spontaneous preterm birth <34 weeks (p = .0458). The acquisition of vaginal mixed anaerobes post-cerclage was independently associated with spontaneous preterm birth <34 weeks (p = .0480). CONCLUSION For singleton pregnancies with an ultrasound-indicated or emergency cerclage, the presence of vaginal or suture-based Escherichia coli following cerclage insertion yields increased risk of cerclage failure and spontaneous preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kelly Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shirlene Sim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Shemer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Penelope M Sheehan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Coyle L, Gallagher C, Graney N, Hughes K, Kukla L, Paliga R, Andrade A, Joshi A, Macaluso G, Pauwaa S, Pillarella J, Sciamanna C, Cotts W, Narang N, Pappas P, Tatooles A, Chau V. Outcomes in Patients with Commercial HeartMate 3 LVAD: A Comparative Analysis of Non-Trial versus Trial Like Cohorts. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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15
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Morice D, Elhassan HA, Myint-Wilks L, Barnett RE, Rasheed A, Collins H, Owen A, Hughes K, Mcleod R. Laryngopharyngeal reflux: is laparoscopic fundoplication an effective treatment? Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2022; 104:79-87. [PMID: 35100850 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is difficult to diagnose and treat owing to uncertainty relating to the underlying pathology. The initial management of LPR includes lifestyle modifications and oral medications. In patients who have failed to respond to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, anti-reflux surgery is considered; laparoscopic fundoplication is the surgery of choice. The primary aim of this review is to identify whether fundoplication is effective in improving signs and symptoms of LPR. The secondary aim is to identify whether patients who have had a poor response to PPIs are likely to have symptom improvement with surgery. The objective of the study is to establish the effect of laparoscopic fundoplication on the reflux symptom index score (RSI). METHODS PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane databases were used to search according to the PRISMA guidelines. Original articles assessing the efficacy of fundoplication in relieving symptoms of LPR were included. For each study, the efficacy endpoints and safety outcomes were recorded. FINDINGS Nine studies from 844 initial records met the inclusion criteria: one prospective case control study, one retrospective case-control study, four prospective case series and three retrospective case series involving 287 fundoplications. All nine studies found fundoplication to be effective in improving symptoms of LPR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests laparoscopic fundoplication is an effective treatment for LPR and should be considered if medical management is unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H A Elhassan
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - R E Barnett
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - A Rasheed
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, UK
| | - H Collins
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, UK
| | - A Owen
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, UK
| | - K Hughes
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, UK
| | - R Mcleod
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, UK
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16
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Jin W, Hughes K, Sim S, Shemer S, Sheehan P. The contemporary value of dedicated preterm birth clinics for high-risk singleton pregnancies: 15-year outcomes from a leading maternal centre. J Perinat Med 2021; 49:1048-1057. [PMID: 34018380 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preterm birth clinics provide dedicated obstetric care to women at high risk of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). There remains a lack of conclusive evidence to support the overall utility of such clinics, attributable to a paucity and heterogeneity of primary data. This study audits Australia's largest and oldest dedicated preterm birth clinic with the aim to add primary data to the area and offer opportunities for similar clinics to align practice. METHODS A retrospective audit of referrals to the Preterm Labour Clinic at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, between 2004 and 2018 was conducted. 1,405 singleton pregnancies met inclusion criteria. The clinic's key outcomes, demographics, predictive tests and interventions were analysed. The primary outcomes were SPTB before 37, 34 and 30 weeks' gestation. RESULTS The overall incidence of SPTB in the clinic was 21.2% (n=294). Linear regression showed reductions in the adjusted rates of overall SPTB and pre-viable SPTB (delivery <24 weeks) from 2004 (108%; 8%) to 2018 (65%; 2% respectively). Neonatal morbidity and post-delivery intensive care admission concurrently declined (p=0.02; 0.006 respectively). Rates of short cervix (cervical length <25 mm) increased over time (2018: 30.9%) with greater uptake of vaginal progesterone for treatment. Fetal fibronectin, mid-trimester short cervix, and serum alkaline phosphatase were associated with SPTB on logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS Dedicated preterm birth clinics can reduce rates of SPTB, particularly deliveries before 24 weeks' gestation, and improve short-term neonatal outcomes in pregnant women at risk of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shirlene Sim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott Shemer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Penelope Sheehan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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17
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Allen J, Cotter-Roberts A, Kadel R, Hughes K, Dyakova M. COVID-19 impact on financial security: evidence from the National Public Engagement Survey in Wales. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A nationally representative COVID-19 Public Engagement Survey for Wales, led by the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-being at Public Health Wales, has been ongoing from April 2020, helping to inform a sustainable recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. A data analysis was performed as part of the Welsh Health Equity Status Report initiative focusing on income and job security, which influences living conditions and lifestyle behaviours.
Methods
A Generalized Linear Model was used to calculate the predicted probability of response for variables of interest, e.g. whether an individual reported being in a worse financial situation due to the pandemic, across the life course, socio-economic gradient and sex. Data collected via telephone between 03 April - 25 July 2020 produced a sample ranging between approx. 2,500 - 7,500 participants. The sample was weighted according to deprivation quintile (using the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation), age group and sex.
Results
A significantly higher proportion of survey respondents (18 - 24 years of age) reported being worried about losing their job or not being able to find one, than any other age group. A significantly higher proportion of survey respondents in the most deprived population fifth (33.7%) reported being in a worse financial situation as a result of the restrictions, compared to the least deprived fifth (21.7%).
Conclusions
COVID-19 has had a major impact on people's lives and livelihoods in Wales, hitting the most deprived and vulnerable the most. It has increased job insecurity, especially among younger/working age people. The government has taken unprecedented financial and other measures to address inequities; nevertheless, most are temporary and not specifically targeted to support specific (vulnerable) groups. Measures to promote sustainable economic recovery, job security and safeguarding due to the COVID-19 pandemic need continuity and consistency
Key messages
COVID-19 has had a significant impact on income and job security in Wales, disproportionately affecting the most deprived. To mitigate COVID-19 harms, a continuous and consistent focus on equity is essential to promote sustainable economic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Allen
- WHO CC on Investment for Health & Well-being, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Cotter-Roberts
- WHO CC on Investment for Health & Well-being, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - R Kadel
- WHO CC on Investment for Health & Well-being, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - K Hughes
- WHO CC on Investment for Health & Well-being, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - M Dyakova
- WHO CC on Investment for Health & Well-being, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
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18
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Williamson T, Hughes K, Osborne-Grinter M, Philip V, Dall G, Raghavan R. 799 Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Decisions in Neck of Femur Fractures – Is Documentation Adequate? Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
‘Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ (DNACPR) documentation is essential to communicate decisions regarding ceilings of care for patients to the clinical team. Patients admitted to hospital with a fractured neck of femur (#NOF) are often elderly with multiple comorbidities, and so robust and clear anticipatory care plans are especially indicated.
Method
All patients admitted to a large district general hospital in Scotland with a #NOF over a three-week period between 23/10/2020 and 12/11/2020 were identified prospectively and included in this audit. Patients’ demographic information, DNACPR status and the quality of their DNACPR documentation was recorded.
Results
20 patients (85% Female, 15% Male) were identified and included. Median ASA grade was 3, with 77.8% of patients ASA grade 3 or 4. 63.2% of patients had DNACPR documentation in place, all of which were ASA grade 3 or above. Most DNACPR documentation had patient information clearly identifiable (91.7%), was completed preoperatively (90.9%), and involved either the patient or appropriate relative or power of attorney (91.6%). However, only 75% of patients’ documentation had the rationale for the DNACPR decision documented and only 25% of DNACPR decisions were reviewed by a senior clinician within 72 hours. No DNACPR decisions were documented as having been communicated to the wider healthcare team.
Conclusions
DNACPR documentation is a crucial for anticipatory care planning in #NOF patients. This audit shows improvement is needed in documenting whether decisions have been reviewed by senior clinicians, and if they have been communicated to the wider healthcare team.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Williamson
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - K Hughes
- Borders General Hospital, Melrose, United Kingdom
| | | | - V Philip
- Borders General Hospital, Melrose, United Kingdom
| | - G Dall
- Borders General Hospital, Melrose, United Kingdom
| | - R Raghavan
- Borders General Hospital, Melrose, United Kingdom
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19
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Siddiqui Z, Morland L, Speakman S, Birley R, Hughes K. 742 Transurethral LASER Ablation (TULA): A Safe and Well Tolerated Procedure for The Treatment of Bladder Tumours Up To 4cm In Diameter in An Outpatient Setting. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Traditionally the management of recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) involves rigid cystoscopy and bladder biopsies/tumour resection under general/regional anaesthesia. As a result, many frail patients endure frequent anaesthetics and therefore are at increased risk of adverse outcomes including cognitive decline. Discontinuation of anti-platelet/anti-coagulation is not required for TULA. An outpatient TULA service was recently started at our trust. We present a case series of our first 4 months data.
Method
All TULA cases (n = 39) performed between Aug-Dec 2020 were included. Data was gathered prospectively including patient demographics, co-morbidities, initial cancer diagnosis and number of subsequent recurrences, post-procedural complications, and patient procedural satisfaction.
Results
Median age was 82 years (range 34-96) and median number of co-morbidities were 4 (range 0-10). Previous bladder cancer diagnosis was present for 85% with the most common initial stage G2pTa (n = 11). Median number of recurrences was 1 (range 1-5). Median patient perceived pain score was 3 (range 1-7) with 100% of patients preferring TULA over TURBT. Reasons included reduced procedural time (n = 18) and enhanced recovery (n = 15). Only 1 patient was readmitted post-procedure due to haematuria, however urine was clear after catheterisation and the patient was discharged.
Conclusions
TULA is safe for all low risk NMIBC, particularly for frail patients. It is well tolerated and facilitates improved patient experience. It also alleviates demand on theatre capacity and inpatient beds which has a positive effect on surgical waiting lists. Further audit of clinical outcomes should continue as recommended by NICE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Siddiqui
- St Helens & Knowsley NHS Trust, St Helens, United Kingdom
| | - L Morland
- St Helens & Knowsley NHS Trust, St Helens, United Kingdom
| | - S Speakman
- St Helens & Knowsley NHS Trust, St Helens, United Kingdom
| | - R Birley
- St Helens & Knowsley NHS Trust, St Helens, United Kingdom
| | - K Hughes
- St Helens & Knowsley NHS Trust, St Helens, United Kingdom
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20
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Morice D, Elhassan HA, Myint-Wilks L, Barnett RE, Rasheed A, Collins H, Owen A, Hughes K, Mcleod R. Laryngopharyngeal reflux: is laparoscopic fundoplication an effective treatment? Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 104:79-87. [PMID: 34482754 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is difficult to diagnose and treat owing to uncertainty relating to the underlying pathology. The initial management of LPR includes lifestyle modifications and oral medications. In patients who have failed to respond to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, anti-reflux surgery is considered; laparoscopic fundoplication is the surgery of choice. The primary aim of this review is to identify whether fundoplication is effective in improving signs and symptoms of LPR. The secondary aim is to identify whether patients who have had a poor response to PPIs are likely to have symptom improvement with surgery. The objective of the study is to establish the effect of laparoscopic fundoplication on the reflux symptom index score (RSI). METHODS PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane databases were used to search according to the PRISMA guidelines. Original articles assessing the efficacy of fundoplication in relieving symptoms of LPR were included. For each study, the efficacy endpoints and safety outcomes were recorded. FINDINGS Nine studies from 844 initial records met the inclusion criteria: one prospective case control study, one retrospective case-control study, four prospective case series and three retrospective case series involving 287 fundoplications. All nine studies found fundoplication to be effective in improving symptoms of LPR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests laparoscopic fundoplication is an effective treatment for LPR and should be considered if medical management is unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H A Elhassan
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - R E Barnett
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - A Rasheed
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, UK
| | - H Collins
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, UK
| | - A Owen
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, UK
| | - K Hughes
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, UK
| | - R Mcleod
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, UK
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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22
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Hughes K, Hussaini Z, Shah MK, Hilton R, Oxman D. COVID-19 and Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Series and Brief Review. Am J Med Sci 2021; 361:646-649. [PMID: 33773760 PMCID: PMC7874943 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, or COVID-19, is responsible for the current global pandemic and has resulted in the death of over 400,000 in the United States. Rates of venous thromboembolism have been noted to be much higher in those infected with COVID-19. Here we report a case-series of COVID-19 patients with diverse presentations of pulmonary embolism (PE). We also briefly describe the pathophysiology and mechanisms for pulmonary embolism in COVID-19. These cases indicate a need to maintain a high index of suspicion for PE in patients with COVID-19, as well as the need to consider occult COVID-19 infection in patients with PE in the right clinical circumstance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zeba Hussaini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mahek K Shah
- Department of Cardiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robert Hilton
- Department of Pulmonology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 834 Walnut Street, Suite 650, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - David Oxman
- Department of Pulmonology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 834 Walnut Street, Suite 650, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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23
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Abstract
People living with HIV are at higher risk for acute and chronic kidney disease compared with uninfected individuals. Kidney disease in this population is multifactorial, with several contributors including HIV infection of kidney cells, chronic inflammation, genetic predisposition, aging, comorbidities, and coinfections. In this review, we provide a summary of recent advancements in the understanding of the mechanisms and implications of HIV infection and kidney disease, with particular focus on the role of direct HIV infection of renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jerry Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Stadtler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christina Wyatt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary Klotman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria Blasi
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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24
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Gorham PW, Ludwig A, Deaconu C, Cao P, Allison P, Banerjee O, Batten L, Bhattacharya D, Beatty JJ, Belov K, Binns WR, Bugaev V, Chen CH, Chen P, Chen Y, Clem JM, Cremonesi L, Dailey B, Dowkontt PF, Fox BD, Gordon JWH, Hast C, Hill B, Hsu SY, Huang JJ, Hughes K, Hupe R, Israel MH, Liu TC, Macchiarulo L, Matsuno S, McBride K, Miki C, Nam J, Naudet CJ, Nichol RJ, Novikov A, Oberla E, Olmedo M, Prechelt R, Rauch BF, Roberts JM, Romero-Wolf A, Rotter B, Russell JW, Saltzberg D, Seckel D, Schoorlemmer H, Shiao J, Stafford S, Stockham J, Stockham M, Strutt B, Sutherland MS, Varner GS, Vieregg AG, Wang SH, Wissel SA. Unusual Near-Horizon Cosmic-Ray-like Events Observed by ANITA-IV. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:071103. [PMID: 33666466 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ANITA's fourth long-duration balloon flight in 2016 detected 29 cosmic-ray (CR)-like events on a background of 0.37_{-0.17}^{+0.27} anthropogenic events. CRs are mainly seen in reflection off the Antarctic ice sheets, creating a phase-inverted waveform polarity. However, four of the below-horizon CR-like events show anomalous noninverted polarity, a p=5.3×10^{-4} chance if due to background. All anomalous events are from locations near the horizon; ANITA-IV observed no steeply upcoming anomalous events similar to the two such events seen in prior flights.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Gorham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - C Deaconu
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - P Cao
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Allison
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - O Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - L Batten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Mathematics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K Belov
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - W R Binns
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - V Bugaev
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - C H Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - P Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - J M Clem
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Cremonesi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - B Dailey
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - P F Dowkontt
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - B D Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J W H Gordon
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Hill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Y Hsu
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - J J Huang
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - K Hughes
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Hupe
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M H Israel
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - T C Liu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - L Macchiarulo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Matsuno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K McBride
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Miki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Nam
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C J Naudet
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R J Nichol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - A Novikov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
- National Research Nuclear University, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - E Oberla
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Olmedo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - R Prechelt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - B F Rauch
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J M Roberts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Romero-Wolf
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - B Rotter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J W Russell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - D Saltzberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Max-Planck-Institute für Kernphysik, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Shiao
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S Stafford
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Stockham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - M Stockham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - B Strutt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M S Sutherland
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - G S Varner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A G Vieregg
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S H Wang
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute of Astrophysics, and Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S A Wissel
- Department of Physics, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, USA
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25
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Olivares G, Hermes D, Manzanilla E, Hughes K, Clarke L, Warland J. The utility of Amies charcoal bacteriology swabs for storage of canine urine prior to culture. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:216-222. [PMID: 33274769 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the usefulness of bacteriology swabs as a storage method of canine urine samples and the effect on quantitative bacterial culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred fourteen canine urine samples were collected by cystocentesis. The reference aliquot was placed in a sterile tube and processed for quantitative bacterial culture within 6 hours. A bacteriology swab was then immersed in the urine for 5 seconds and returned to the charcoal Amies media container. The urine samples in the sterile tube and bacteriology swab were stored at room temperature for 48 hours and processed for quantitative bacterial culture. RESULTS Thirty-seven of the samples were positive on reference culture with a total of 42 bacterial isolates. Samples stored in sterile tube and bacteriology swab had identical sensitivity and specificity for detection of bacteriuria (94.7% and 100%, respectively) with very good agreement (κ = 0.92; 95% CI 0.81 to 1.00). Agreement between the bacterial species of the reference sample and the bacteriology swab was higher (κ = 0.85; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.99) than compared to the sterile tube (κ = 0.78; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.94), but the overlapping confidence intervals mean improved agreement cannot be inferred. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bacteriology swabs stored in Amies charcoal transport media should be considered an alternative method to preserve canine urine sample when immediate processing for quantitative bacterial culture is not possible. The sensitivity of culturing plain urine, stored for 48 hours in a sterile tube, for detection of bacteriuria, was higher than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Olivares
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - D Hermes
- Diagnostic Microbiology, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - E Manzanilla
- Teagasc - Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Moorepark Animal and Grassland Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Cork, IE, P61 C996, Ireland.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, IE, 4, Ireland
| | - K Hughes
- Diagnostic Microbiology, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - L Clarke
- Diagnostic Microbiology, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - J Warland
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
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26
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Abstract
HIV-1 persists indefinitely in multiple cellular reservoirs despite antiretroviral therapy. We previously demonstrated HIV-1 compartmentalization in kidney and urine. Here, we further characterized viruses in urine and when available, compared them to those present in semen from HIV-1 positive participants with detectable plasma viremia to further understand the viral dynamics in the upper and lower genitourinary tract.Blood and urine samples were obtained from 19 HIV-1 positive participants. Simultaneous semen samples were obtained from 16 of the 19 participants. HIV-1 envelope (env) gene sequences were obtained by single-genome amplification (SGA) and neighbor-joining trees were constructed using the Kimura 2-parameter model.HIV-1 env gene sequences were amplified from blood in 19/19 (100%) participants, urine in 18/19 (95%) participants, and semen in 12/16 (75%). In individuals from which both urine and semen samples were obtained, differences in viral shedding between the 2 sources were observed, where HIV-1 env sequences could only be amplified from either urine or semen. Longitudinal phylogenetic analysis of urine-derived env sequences from 1 participant demonstrated that urine clusters distinct from blood are maintained over time (20 weeks), consistent with viral compartmentalization and local replication. Comparison of urine and semen derived sequences demonstrated either virus compartmentalization or equilibration.Our results demonstrate that when present, viral compartmentalization in urine persists over time. Comparison of timing of viral shedding in urine and semen samples from our cohort suggest different viral kinetics between the upper and lower genitourinary tract and sequence analysis suggests that HIV-1 populations in urine and semen can either be imported from blood or produced locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Stadtler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wescott
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelly Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jerry Chang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary Klotman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria Blasi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Livesey C, McLachlan G, Mohammad M, Pranesh N, Richards C, Ross F, Sajid M, Brooke M, Francombe J, Gresly J, Hutchinson S, Kerrigan K, Matthews E, Nur S, Parsons L, Sandhu A, Vyas M, White F, Zulkifli A, Zuzarte L, Al-Mousawi A, Arya J, Azam S, Yahaya AA, Gill K, Hallan R, Hathaway C, Leptidis I, McDonagh L, Mitrasinovic S, Mushtaq N, Pang N, Peiris GB, Rinkoff S, Chan L, Christopher E, Farhan-Alanie MMH, Gonzalez-Ciscar A, Graham CJ, Lim H, McLean KA, Paterson HM, Rogers A, Roy C, Rutherford D, Smith F, Zubikarai G, Al-Khudairi R, Bamford M, Chang M, Cheng J, Hedley C, Joseph R, Mitchell B, Perera S, Rothwell L, Siddiqui A, Smith J, Taylor K, Wright OW, Baryan HK, Boyd G, Conchie H, Cox L, Davies J, Gardner S, Hill N, Krishna K, Lakin F, Scotcher S, Alberts J, Asad M, Barraclough J, Campbell A, Marshall D, Wakeford W, Cronbach P, D'Souza F, Gammeri E, Houlton J, Hall M, Kethees A, Patel R, Perera M, Prowle J, Shaid M, Webb E, Beattie S, Chadwick M, El-Taji O, Haddad S, Mann M, Patel M, Popat K, Rimmer L, Riyat H, Smith H, Anandarajah C, Cipparrone M, Desai K, Gao C, Goh ET, Howlader M, Jeffreys N, Karmarkar A, Mathew G, Mukhtar H, Ozcan E, Renukanthan A, Sarens N, Sinha C, Woolley A, Bogle R, Komolafe O, Loo F, Waugh D, Zeng R, Crewe A, Mathias J, Mills A, Owen A, Prior A, Saunders I, Baker A, Crilly L, McKeon J, Ubhi HK, Adeogun A, Carr R, Davison C, Devalia S, Hayat A, Karsan RB, Osborne C, Scott K, Weegenaar C, Wijeyaratne M, Babatunde F, Barnor-Ahiaku E, Beattie G, Chitsabesan P, Dixon O, Hall N, Ilenkovan N, Mackrell T, Nithianandasivam N, Orr J, Palazzo F, Saad M, Sandland-Taylor L, Sherlock J, Ashdown T, Chandler S, Garsaa T, Lloyd J, Loh SY, Ng S, Perkins C, Powell-Chandler A, Smith F, Underhill R. Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1023-1032. [PMID: 32026470 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal resection, stoma reversal or liver resection. Both elective and emergency procedures were included. Preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast was defined as exposure to contrast administered for the purposes of CT up to 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of AKI within 7 days. Propensity score-matched models were adjusted for patient, disease and operative variables. In a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched model explored the association between preoperative exposure to contrast and AKI in the first 48 h after surgery. RESULTS A total of 5378 patients were included across 173 centres. Overall, 1249 patients (23·2 per cent) received intravenous contrast. The overall rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery was 13·4 per cent (718 of 5378). In the propensity score-matched model, preoperative exposure to contrast was not associated with AKI within 7 days (odds ratio (OR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 1·21; P = 0·669). The sensitivity analysis showed no association between preoperative contrast administration and AKI within 48 h after operation (OR 1·09, 0·84 to 1·41; P = 0·498). CONCLUSION There was no association between preoperative intravenous contrast administered for CT up to 7 days before surgery and postoperative AKI. Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy should not be used as a reason to avoid contrast-enhanced CT.
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Lloyd TD, Neal‐Smith G, Fennelly J, Claireaux H, Bretherton C, Carr AJ, Murphy M, Kendrick BJ, Palmer AJR, Wong J, Sharma P, Osei‐Bonsu PK, Ashcroft G, Baigent T, Shirland E, Espey R, Stokes M, Liew I, Dhawal A, Watchorn D, Lum J, Qureshi M, Khaled AS, Kauser S, Hodhody G, Rogers S, Haywood‐Alexander B, Sheikh G, Mahapatra P, Twaij H, Chicco M, Arnaout F, Atherton T, Mutimer J, Sinha P, Oliver E, Stedman T, Gadd R, Kutuzov V, Sattar M, Robiati L, Plastow R, Howe T, Hassan A, Lau B, Collins J, Doshi A, Tan G, Baskaran D, Hari Sunil Kumar K, Agarwal R, Horner M, Gwyn R, Masud S, Beaumont O, Pilarski A, Lebe M, Dawson‐Bowling S, Nolan D, Tsitskaris K, Beamish RE, Jordan C, Alsop S, Hibbert E, Deshpande G, Gould A, Briant‐Evans T, Kilbane L, Crowther I, Ingoe H, Naisbitt A, Gourbault L, Muscat J, Goh EL, Gill J, Elbashir M, Modi N, Archer J, Ismael S, Petrie M, O'Brien H, McCormick M, Koh NP, Lloyd T, King A, Ikram A, Peake J, Yoong A, Rye DS, Newman M, Naraen A, Myatt D, Kapur R, Sgardelis P, Kohli S, Culverhouse‐Mathews M, Haynes S, Boden H, Purmah A, Shenoy R, Raja S, Koh NP, Donovan R, Yeomans D, Ritchie D, Larkin R, Aladwan R, Hughes K, Unsworth R, Cooke R, Samra I, Barrow J, Michael K, Byrne F, Anwar R, Karatzia L, Drysdale H, Wilson H, Jones R, Dass D, Liaw F, Aujla R, Kheiran A, Bell K, Ramavath AL, Telfer R, Nachev K, Lawrence H, Garg V, Shenoy P, Lacey A, Byrom I, Simons M, Manning C, Cheyne N, Williams J. Peri‐operative administration of tranexamic acid in lower limb arthroplasty: a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Anaesthesia 2020; 75:1050-1058. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.15056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. D. Lloyd
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - G. Neal‐Smith
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - J. Fennelly
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - H. Claireaux
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - C. Bretherton
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - A. J. Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - M. Murphy
- University of Oxford UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant Oxford UK
| | - B. J. Kendrick
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - A. J. R. Palmer
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
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Hughes K, Adusumilli RK, Patel M. A CASE REPORT: OPERATIVE FIXATION OF FLAIL CHEST IN THE VENTILATOR-DEPENDENT PATIENT. Chest 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kokkinos P, Morgan L, Hughes K, Pollard D, Gasson J, Bowlt-Blacklock K. Scrubs contamination, domestic laundry effect and workwear habits of clinical staff at a referral hospital. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:272-277. [PMID: 32073144 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine contamination rates of scrub suits worn by veterinary surgeons and nurses following a single shift. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional preliminary study at a UK small animal referral centre. Sterilised scrub suits were distributed to veterinary surgeons (n = 9) and nurses (n = 9) at the beginning of their clinical shift and worn for at least 8 hours. They were then analysed for bacterial contamination before and after home laundry at 30°C. A questionnaire was distributed to hospital clinical staff regarding workwear habits. RESULTS Median bacterial counts were 47 (interquartile range: 14 to 162) and 7 (interquartile range: 0 to 27) colony forming units per cm2 before and after laundering scrub suits. Bacteria identified included Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., Escherichia coli , Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Micrococcus sp., β-haemolytic Streptococci and a Group G Streptococcus. From 101 staff surveyed, 64.0% reported wearing fresh, clean scrub tops and 58.4% fresh, clean trousers each day, while 64.4% left the workplace wearing the same clothing in which they undertook clinical work. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Workwear contamination risks spread of pathogens into the community and personnel compliance with workplace guidelines warrants further attention. Home laundry at 30°C significantly decreases, but does not eliminate, the bacterial burden after a single shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kokkinos
- Center for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - L Morgan
- Center for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - K Hughes
- Diagnostic Laboratory Services, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - D Pollard
- Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance, Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - J Gasson
- Center for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - K Bowlt-Blacklock
- Center for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
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Chen BH, Michael S, Borgogna B, Holmes K, Hughes K, Jew L, Juergens M. Integrate Classroom Physical Activity in Schools. J Phys Educ Recreat Dance 2019; 90:10-19. [PMID: 37204989 PMCID: PMC10189950 DOI: 10.1080/07303084.2019.1649577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon Michael
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in Atlanta, GA
| | - Bridget Borgogna
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in Atlanta, GA
| | - Kate Holmes
- National Network of Public Health Institutes in New Orleans, LA
| | - Kelly Hughes
- National Network of Public Health Institutes in New Orleans, LA
| | - Lina Jew
- Health Resources in Action in Boston, MA
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Hughes K, Gelfer Y, Cokljat M, Wientroub S, Yavor A, Hemo Y, Dunkley M, Eastwood DM. Does idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus have an impact on attainment of developmental milestones? A multicentre international study. J Child Orthop 2019; 13:353-360. [PMID: 31489040 PMCID: PMC6701447 DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.13.190060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Ponseti method is a well-established approach to treating clubfoot. Potentially, both the underlying pathology and adherence to post-correction bracing can affect lower limb function and age of independent standing and walking. This cohort study investigates the age at which infants with idiopathic clubfoot treated using the Ponseti method achieved three selected developmental milestones and whether or not this correlated with treatment compliance. METHODS A prospectively collected database from four centres was visited. Inclusion criteria were patients with idiopathic clubfoot with no comorbidities or prior treatment. Age at attainment of independent standing, walking, nocturnal continence was compared across three groups: I) congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) children compliant with treatment; II) CTEV children non-compliant with treatment; and III) typically-developed siblings. Minimum follow-up was five years. RESULTS In all, 130 patients (198 feet) fitted the inclusion criteria: 43:87 (F:M). Standing was achieved by a mean 12.0 months in group I (sd 2.50); 12.0 months (sd 2.0) in II and ten months (sd 3.0) in III. Walking was achieved by a mean 15 months (sd 4.0) in group I, 14 months (sd 1.75) in II and 12 months (sd 3) in III, respectively. Both the compliant and non-compliant CTEV children were significantly slower at achieving standing and walking compared to sibling controls (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between age of nocturnal continence between the three groups. CONCLUSION Infants with idiopathic clubfoot treated according to the Ponseti method achieve independent standing and walking approximately two months later than their typically-developed siblings. The delay is not related to the use of the foot abduction brace. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hughes
- St. George’s Hospital, London, UK,Correspondence should be sent to K. Hughes, St. George’s Hospital Paediatric Orthopaedics Department, London, SW17 7QT, UK. E-mail:
| | - Y. Gelfer
- St. George’s Hospital, London, UK,St. George’s University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - A. Yavor
- Dana Children’s Hospital, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Y. Hemo
- Dana Children’s Hospital, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M. Dunkley
- Great Ormond Street Hospital and University College London, UK,Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
| | - D. M. Eastwood
- Great Ormond Street Hospital and University College London, UK
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Abstract
Aims The Ponseti method is the benchmark treatment for the correction of clubfoot. The primary rate of correction is very high, but outcome further down the treatment pathway is less predictable. Several methods of assessing severity at presentation have been reported. Classification later in the course of treatment is more challenging. This systematic review considers the outcome of the Ponseti method in terms of relapse and determines how clubfoot is assessed at presentation, correction, and relapse. Patients and Methods A prospectively registered systematic review was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies that reported idiopathic clubfoot treated by the Ponseti method between 1 January 2012 and 31 May 2017 were included. The data extracted included demographics, Ponseti methodology, assessment methods, and rates of relapse and surgery. Results A total of 84 studies were included (7335 patients, 10 535 clubfeet). The relapse rate varied between 1.9% and 45%. The rates of relapse and major surgery (1.4% to 53.3%) and minor surgery (0.6% to 48.8%) both increased with follow-up time. There was high variability in the assessment methods used across timepoints; only 57% of the studies defined relapse. Pirani scoring was the method most often used. Conclusion Recurrence and further surgical intervention in idiopathic clubfoot increases with the duration of follow-up. The corrected and the relapsed foot are poorly defined, which contributes to variability in outcome. The results suggest that a consensus for a definition of relapse is needed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:639–645.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Gelfer
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St George’s Hospital, St George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - S. Wientroub
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - K. Hughes
- St. Richard’s Hospital, Chichester, UK
| | | | - D. M. Eastwood
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- Paediatric Orthopaedics, University College London, London, UK
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Halstead F, Ravi A, Thomson N, Nuur M, Hughes K, Brailey M, Oppenheim B. Whole genome sequencing of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in asymptomatic carriers: insights into possible role in transmission. J Hosp Infect 2019; 102:125-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Fontalis A, Hughes K, Nguyen MP, Williamson M, Yeo A, Lui D, Gelfer Y. The challenge of differentiating vaso-occlusive crises from osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease and bone pain: A 15-year retrospective review. J Child Orthop 2019; 13:33-39. [PMID: 30838073 PMCID: PMC6376437 DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.12.180094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The paediatric sickle cell disease (SCD) osteomyelitis (OM) incidence is 0.3% to 12%. Differentiating vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) from OM is a diagnostic challenge, with limited evidence guiding management. We present a 15-year review of a paediatric sickle cell cohort. We aim to identify OM incidence and provide a management protocol for these children presenting with bone pain. METHODS A prospective database of children with haemoglobinopathies (2002 to 2017) was analyzed for temperature, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white cell count (WCC) on admission as well as imaging, treatment and cultures. OM diagnosis was supported by imaging and blood cultures. VOC was defined as bone pain that improved without antibiotics. RESULTS Over 15 years, 96 children with SCD presented 358 times to hospital. Empirical antibiotics were given in 308 presentations. There were five cases of OM (1.4%); two acute and three chronic. In all, 50 presentations of VOC were identified. No significant differences in age were noted between the OM and VOC group. Temperature and CRP were significantly elevated in the OM group with no significant difference in WCC. Cultures were only positive in the chronic OM admissions. There were no cases of septic arthritis. No surgical intervention was required. CONCLUSION In children with SCD presenting with persistent bone pain, fever, elevated CRP and WCC, OM should be suspected and prompt antibiotic treatment started. Our treatment pathway was successful avoiding OM in 98.6% and septic arthritis in 100%. Further research on novel biological markers distinguishing OM from VOC should be investigated. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Fontalis
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - K. Hughes
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - M. P. Nguyen
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - M. Williamson
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - A. Yeo
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - D. Lui
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Y. Gelfer
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St George’s Hospital, London, UK,St George’s University of London, London, UK, Correspondence should be sent to Y. Gelfer, MD PhD FRCS, St Georges Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St James Wing Level 5, Blackshaw Rd, London SW170QT, UK. E-mail:
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Hardcastle K, Bellis MA, Ford K, Hughes K, Garner J, Ramos Rodriguez G. Measuring the relationships between adverse childhood experiences and educational and employment success in England and Wales: findings from a retrospective study. Public Health 2018; 165:106-116. [PMID: 30388488 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Educational and employment outcomes are critical elements in determining the life course of individuals, yet through health and other mechanisms, those who suffer adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may experience barriers to achieve in these domains. This study examines the association between ACEs and poor educational outcomes, before considering the impact of ACEs and education on employment in adulthood. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional surveys were conducted in England and Wales using a random stratified sampling methodology. METHODS During face-to-face household interviews (n = 2881), data were collected on demographic factors, ACEs, self-rated childhood affluence, the highest qualification level attained and the current employment status. RESULTS While respondents with ≥4 ACEs were significantly more likely to have no formal qualifications (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.18; P < 0.001), among those who did achieve secondary level qualifications, the presence of ACEs did not further impact subsequent likelihood of going on to attain college or higher qualifications. However, results suggest a persisting independent impact of high (≥4) ACEs, which were found to be significantly associated with both current unemployment (AOR = 2.52, P < 0.001) and long-term sickness and disability (AOR = 3.94, P < 0.001). Modelled levels of not being in employment ranged from as little as 3% among those with 0 or 1 ACE and higher qualifications to 62% among those with no qualifications and ≥4 ACEs (adjusted for age, gender and childhood affluence effects). CONCLUSIONS Compulsory education may play a pivotal role in mitigating the effects of adversity, supporting the case for approaches within schools that build resilience and tackle educational inequalities. However, adults with ACEs should not be overlooked and efforts should be considered to support them in achieving meaningful employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hardcastle
- Policy, Research and International Development Directorate, Public Health Wales, Clwydian House, Wrexham, LL13 7YP, UK.
| | - M A Bellis
- Policy, Research and International Development Directorate, Public Health Wales, Clwydian House, Wrexham, LL13 7YP, UK; Hot House, College of Human Sciences, BIHMR, Bangor University, Wrexham, LL13 7YP, UK
| | - K Ford
- Hot House, College of Human Sciences, BIHMR, Bangor University, Wrexham, LL13 7YP, UK
| | - K Hughes
- Policy, Research and International Development Directorate, Public Health Wales, Clwydian House, Wrexham, LL13 7YP, UK; Hot House, College of Human Sciences, BIHMR, Bangor University, Wrexham, LL13 7YP, UK
| | - J Garner
- Policy, Research and International Development Directorate, Public Health Wales, Clwydian House, Wrexham, LL13 7YP, UK
| | - G Ramos Rodriguez
- Policy, Research and International Development Directorate, Public Health Wales, Clwydian House, Wrexham, LL13 7YP, UK
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Gorham PW, Rotter B, Allison P, Banerjee O, Batten L, Beatty JJ, Bechtol K, Belov K, Besson DZ, Binns WR, Bugaev V, Cao P, Chen CC, Chen CH, Chen P, Clem JM, Connolly A, Cremonesi L, Dailey B, Deaconu C, Dowkontt PF, Fox BD, Gordon JWH, Hast C, Hill B, Hughes K, Huang JJ, Hupe R, Israel MH, Javaid A, Lam J, Liewer KM, Lin SY, Liu TC, Ludwig A, Macchiarulo L, Matsuno S, Miki C, Mulrey K, Nam J, Naudet CJ, Nichol RJ, Novikov A, Oberla E, Olmedo M, Prechelt R, Prohira S, Rauch BF, Roberts JM, Romero-Wolf A, Russell JW, Saltzberg D, Seckel D, Schoorlemmer H, Shiao J, Stafford S, Stockham J, Stockham M, Strutt B, Varner GS, Vieregg AG, Wang SH, Wissel SA. Observation of an Unusual Upward-Going Cosmic-Ray-like Event in the Third Flight of ANITA. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:161102. [PMID: 30387639 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.161102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on an upward traveling, radio-detected cosmic-ray-like impulsive event with characteristics closely matching an extensive air shower. This event, observed in the third flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA), a NASA-sponsored long-duration balloon payload, is consistent with a similar event reported in a previous flight. These events could be produced by the atmospheric decay of an upward-propagating τ lepton produced by a ν_{τ} interaction, although their relatively steep arrival angles create tension with the standard model neutrino cross section. Each of the two events have a posteriori background estimates of ≲10^{-2} events. If these are generated by τ-lepton decay, then either the charged-current ν_{τ} cross section is suppressed at EeV energies, or the events arise at moments when the peak flux of a transient neutrino source was much larger than the typical expected cosmogenic background neutrinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Gorham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - B Rotter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - P Allison
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - O Banerjee
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - L Batten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K Bechtol
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - K Belov
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - W R Binns
- Department of Physics & McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - V Bugaev
- Department of Physics & McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - P Cao
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - C C Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C H Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - P Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - J M Clem
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - A Connolly
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - L Cremonesi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - B Dailey
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Deaconu
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - P F Dowkontt
- Department of Physics & McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - B D Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J W H Gordon
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Hill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K Hughes
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J J Huang
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - R Hupe
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M H Israel
- Department of Physics & McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - A Javaid
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Lam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K M Liewer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - S Y Lin
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - T C Liu
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - L Macchiarulo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Matsuno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C Miki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K Mulrey
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Nam
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C J Naudet
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - R J Nichol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Novikov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - E Oberla
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Olmedo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - R Prechelt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Prohira
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - B F Rauch
- Department of Physics & McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J M Roberts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Romero-Wolf
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - J W Russell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - D Saltzberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Department of Physics, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Shiao
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S Stafford
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Stockham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - M Stockham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - B Strutt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G S Varner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A G Vieregg
- Department of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S H Wang
- Department of Physics, Graduate Institute. of Astrophysics, & Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S A Wissel
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, USA
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O'reilly M, Kajani S, Goodwin M, Hughes K, Roche H, Mcgillicuddy F. Metabolically activated and classically activated pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages exhibit divergent effects on ABCA1 cholesterol efflux capacity. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gnatiuc L, Herrington WG, Halsey J, Tuomilehto J, Fang X, Kim HC, De Bacquer D, Dobson AJ, Criqui MH, Jacobs DR, Leon DA, Peters SAE, Ueshima H, Sherliker P, Peto R, Collins R, Huxley RR, Emberson JR, Woodward M, Lewington S, Aoki N, Arima H, Arnesen E, Aromaa A, Assmann G, Bachman DL, Baigent C, Bartholomew H, Benetos A, Bengtsson C, Bennett D, Björkelund C, Blackburn H, Bonaa K, Boyle E, Broadhurst R, Carstensen J, Chambless L, Chen Z, Chew SK, Clarke R, Cox C, Curb JD, D'Agostino R, Date C, Davey Smith G, De Backer G, Dhaliwal SS, Duan XF, Ducimetiere P, Duffy S, Eliassen H, Elwood P, Empana J, Garcia-Palmieri MH, Gazes P, Giles GG, Gillis C, Goldbourt U, Gu DF, Guasch-Ferre M, Guize L, Haheim L, Hart C, Hashimoto S, Hashimoto T, Heng D, Hjermann I, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Hole D, Holme I, Horibe H, Hozawa A, Hu F, Hughes K, Iida M, Imai K, Imai Y, Iso H, Jackson R, Jamrozik K, Jee SH, Jensen G, Jiang CQ, Johansen NB, Jorgensen T, Jousilahti P, Kagaya M, Keil J, Keller J, Kim IS, Kita Y, Kitamura A, Kiyohara Y, Knekt P, Knuiman M, Kornitzer M, Kromhout D, Kronmal R, Lam TH, Law M, Lee J, Leren P, Levy D, Li YH, Lissner L, Luepker R, Luszcz M, MacMahon S, Maegawa H, Marmot M, Matsutani Y, Meade T, Morris J, Morris R, Murayama T, Naito Y, Nakachi K, Nakamura M, Nakayama T, Neaton J, Nietert PJ, Nishimoto Y, Norton R, Nozaki A, Ohkubo T, Okayama A, Pan WH, Puska P, Qizilbash N, Reunanen A, Rimm E, Rodgers A, Saitoh S, Sakata K, Sato S, Schnohr P, Schulte H, Selmer R, Sharp D, Shifu X, Shimamoto K, Shipley M, Silbershatz H, Sorlie P, Sritara P, Suh I, Sutherland SE, Sweetnam P, Tamakoshi A, Tanaka H, Thomsen T, Tominaga S, Tomita M, Törnberg S, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Tverdal A, Ueshima H, Vartiainen E, Wald N, Wannamethee SG, Welborn TA, Whincup P, Whitlock G, Willett W, Woo J, Wu ZL, Yao SX, Yarnell J, Yokoyama T, Yoshiike N, Zhang XH. Sex-specific relevance of diabetes to occlusive vascular and other mortality: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual data from 980 793 adults from 68 prospective studies. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:538-546. [PMID: 29752194 PMCID: PMC6008496 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that diabetes confers a higher relative risk of vascular mortality among women than among men, but whether this increased relative risk in women exists across age groups and within defined levels of other risk factors is uncertain. We aimed to determine whether differences in established risk factors, such as blood pressure, BMI, smoking, and cholesterol, explain the higher relative risks of vascular mortality among women than among men. METHODS In our meta-analysis, we obtained individual participant-level data from studies included in the Prospective Studies Collaboration and the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration that had obtained baseline information on age, sex, diabetes, total cholesterol, blood pressure, tobacco use, height, and weight. Data on causes of death were obtained from medical death certificates. We used Cox regression models to assess the relevance of diabetes (any type) to occlusive vascular mortality (ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, or other atherosclerotic deaths) by age, sex, and other major vascular risk factors, and to assess whether the associations of blood pressure, total cholesterol, and body-mass index (BMI) to occlusive vascular mortality are modified by diabetes. RESULTS Individual participant-level data were analysed from 980 793 adults. During 9·8 million person-years of follow-up, among participants aged between 35 and 89 years, 19 686 (25·6%) of 76 965 deaths were attributed to occlusive vascular disease. After controlling for major vascular risk factors, diabetes roughly doubled occlusive vascular mortality risk among men (death rate ratio [RR] 2·10, 95% CI 1·97-2·24) and tripled risk among women (3·00, 2·71-3·33; χ2 test for heterogeneity p<0·0001). For both sexes combined, the occlusive vascular death RRs were higher in younger individuals (aged 35-59 years: 2·60, 2·30-2·94) than in older individuals (aged 70-89 years: 2·01, 1·85-2·19; p=0·0001 for trend across age groups), and, across age groups, the death RRs were higher among women than among men. Therefore, women aged 35-59 years had the highest death RR across all age and sex groups (5·55, 4·15-7·44). However, since underlying confounder-adjusted occlusive vascular mortality rates at any age were higher in men than in women, the adjusted absolute excess occlusive vascular mortality associated with diabetes was similar for men and women. At ages 35-59 years, the excess absolute risk was 0·05% (95% CI 0·03-0·07) per year in women compared with 0·08% (0·05-0·10) per year in men; the corresponding excess at ages 70-89 years was 1·08% (0·84-1·32) per year in women and 0·91% (0·77-1·05) per year in men. Total cholesterol, blood pressure, and BMI each showed continuous log-linear associations with occlusive vascular mortality that were similar among individuals with and without diabetes across both sexes. INTERPRETATION Independent of other major vascular risk factors, diabetes substantially increased vascular risk in both men and women. Lifestyle changes to reduce smoking and obesity and use of cost-effective drugs that target major vascular risks (eg, statins and antihypertensive drugs) are important in both men and women with diabetes, but might not reduce the relative excess risk of occlusive vascular disease in women with diabetes, which remains unexplained. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, European Union BIOMED programme, and National Institute on Aging (US National Institutes of Health).
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Rodriguez Barbon A, Cowen R, Knott C, Hughes K, Allinson K, Williams CV, Routh A. Neoplasia in Three Aye-Ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis). J Comp Pathol 2018; 159:16-20. [PMID: 29599000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumours diagnosed in three aged captive aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis), held in two different institutions, are described. A cerebral glioblastoma was diagnosed based on histological and immunohistochemical findings in one of the animals following initial presentation with bilateral mydriasis, absent pupillary reflex, head tilt and ataxia. A second animal was humanely destroyed due to impaired locomotion associated with spondylosis and a post-mortem diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma was made based on histology with further confirmation with immunohistochemical labelling for cytokeratin 7. A third aye-aye suffering from dental disease was diagnosed with an oral squamous cell carcinoma following an excisional biopsy from a non-healing wound in the lip. Due to progression of the neoplasia the animal was humanely destroyed and post-mortem examination revealed the presence on an additional unilateral phaeochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rodriguez Barbon
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Les Augres Manor, La Profonde Rue, Trinity, Jersey.
| | - R Cowen
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Les Augres Manor, La Profonde Rue, Trinity, Jersey
| | - C Knott
- Finn Pathologists, One Eyed Lane, Weybread, Suffolk, UK
| | - K Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Allinson
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - C V Williams
- Duke Lemur Center, 3705 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Routh
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Les Augres Manor, La Profonde Rue, Trinity, Jersey
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Abstract
AIMS Clavicle fracture nonunions are extremely rare in children. The aim of this systematic review was to assess what factors may predispose children to form clavicle fracture nonunions and evaluate the treatment methods and outcomes. METHODS We performed a systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, aiming to find papers reporting clavicle fracture nonunion in children under the age of 18 years. Data was collected on patient demographics, fracture type, mechanism of injury (MOI), surgical intervention and reported outcome. Two independent reviewers evaluated all the data. RESULTS A total of 13 articles reporting 21 cases of clavicle fracture nonunion were identified. The mean age at time of injury was 11.4 years (4 to 17). Falls were the most common MOI. The majority of nonunions occurred after displaced fractures on the right side. Six were refractures. Mean time of presentation following injury was 13.5 months (4 to 60). In all, 16 were treated surgically. Radiographic union was eventually achieved in 12 cases, with functional outcome satisfactory in all cases. CONCLUSION Clavicle nonunion is an extremely rare but possible complication in children. The majority occur after displaced right-sided fractures or refractures and present around one year after injury. Surgical fixation provides good radiographic healing and functional outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hughes
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St. George’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J. Kimpton
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St. George’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R. Wei
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St. George’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M. Williamson
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St. George’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A. Yeo
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St. George’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M. Arnander
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St. George’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Y. Gelfer
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St. George’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,St. George’s University of London, London, UK, Correspondence should be sent to Y. Gelfer, St George’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, St James Wing Level 5, Blackshaw Rd, London SW170QT, United Kingdom E-mail:
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Ives EJ, Vanhaesebrouck AE, Hughes K. Metastatic adenocarcinoma with osseous metaplasia in the pelvic limb musculature of a cat. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 59:133. [PMID: 29235665 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E J Ives
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - A E Vanhaesebrouck
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - K Hughes
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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Garrod H, Hughes K, McCabe J. Transperineal Template Guided Sector Biopsy Within an Active Surveillance Protocol for Localised Prostate Cancer. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Greiling T, Dehner C, Chen X, Hughes K, Vieira S, Ruff W, Sim S, Wolin S, Kriegel M. 068 Lupus Ro60 autoantigen cross-reactivity with commensal Ro60 orthologs. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hughes K, Sim S, Roman A, Michalak K, Kane S, Sheehan P. Outcomes and predictive tests from a dedicated specialist clinic for women at high risk of preterm labour: A ten year audit. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 57:405-411. [DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Pregnancy Research Centre; Royal Women's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Shirlene Sim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Alina Roman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Kasia Michalak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Stefan Kane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Pregnancy Research Centre; Royal Women's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Penelope Sheehan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Pregnancy Research Centre; Royal Women's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Paterson J, Hughes K, Steer L, Das Gupta M, Boyd S, Bell C, Rhind S. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) as a window into the veterinary profession. Vet Rec 2017; 180:179. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.103979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Paterson
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Campus Edinburgh Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - K. Hughes
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Campus Edinburgh Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - L. Steer
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Campus Edinburgh Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - M. Das Gupta
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Campus Edinburgh Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - S. Boyd
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Campus Edinburgh Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - C. Bell
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Campus Edinburgh Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - S. Rhind
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Campus Edinburgh Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
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Affiliation(s)
- V. H. L. Scott
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; UK
| | - K. Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; UK
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Kluck AS, Zhuzha K, Hughes K. Sexual Perfectionism in Women: Not as Simple as Adaptive or Maladaptive. Arch Sex Behav 2016; 45:2015-2027. [PMID: 27511209 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
According to research and theory, the construct of perfectionism may apply to specific life domains, including being a perfect sexual partner. We extended the research on sexual perfectionism (SP) by examining the relationships between its various dimensions (i.e., self-directed, partner-directed, socially prescribed, partner-prescribed) and communication about sex, sexual functioning, and appearance self-consciousness during sex. Women (N = 208) of ages 19-50 were recruited online to respond to the Multidimensional Sexual Perfectionism Questionnaire and measures of communication about sex, sexual functioning, and physical appearance self-consciousness during sex. Dimensions of SP demonstrated a mixed pattern of relationships with measures of adaptive functioning. Partner-prescribed SP was related to greater appearance self-consciousness during sex, indicating an unfavorable role of this dimension of SP. An indirect effect of socially prescribed and partner-prescribed SP on sexual functioning through poor dyadic communication about sex and greater appearance self-consciousness was also found. Self-directed SP was less clearly problematic and uniquely related to better dyadic communication, whereas partner-directed SP was uniquely related to fewer concerns about the body appearance during sex. In conclusion, with respect to personal functioning, higher standards directed towards sexual partners may be less problematic but perceptions that romantic partners expect one to be a perfect sexual partner may have deleterious effects. Overall, SP may relate to sexual experiences of women beyond the college-age group with some aspects of SP being more problematic than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette S Kluck
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Kseniya Zhuzha
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kelly Hughes
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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Bellis MA, Ashton K, Hughes K, Ford K, Bishop J, Paranjothy S. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in Wales and their Impact on Health in the Adult Population. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw167.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hughes K, Lalikian KA, Schwartz J, Turner RB. Are proton pump inhibitors associated with an increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection after considering confounding variables? J Hosp Infect 2016; 95:445-446. [PMID: 27847127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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