1
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Varty GB, Canal CE, Mueller TA, Hartsel JA, Tyagi R, Avery K, Morgan ME, Reichelt AC, Pathare P, Stang E, Palfreyman MG, Nivorozhkin A. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Substituted Phenethylamines and the Discovery of CYB210010: A Potent, Orally Bioavailable and Long-Acting Serotonin 5-HT 2 Receptor Agonist. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6144-6188. [PMID: 38593423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Structure-activity studies of 4-substituted-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines led to the discovery of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-thiotrifluoromethylphenethylamines, including CYB210010, a potent and long-acting serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist. CYB210010 exhibited high agonist potency at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, modest selectivity over 5-HT2B, 5-HT1A, 5-HT6, and adrenergic α2A receptors, and lacked activity at monoamine transporters and over 70 other proteins. CYB210010 (0.1-3 mg/kg) elicited a head-twitch response (HTR) and could be administered subchronically at threshold doses without behavioral tolerance. CYB210010 was orally bioavailable in three species, readily and preferentially crossed into the CNS, engaged frontal cortex 5-HT2A receptors, and increased the expression of genes involved in neuroplasticity in the frontal cortex. CYB210010 represents a new tool molecule for investigating the therapeutic potential of 5-HT2 receptor activation. In addition, several other compounds with high 5-HT2A receptor potency, yet with little or no HTR activity, were discovered, providing the groundwork for the development of nonpsychedelic 5-HT2A receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey B Varty
- Cybin IRL Limited, North Wall Quay, 1 Spencer Dock, Dublin 1 DO1 X9R7, Ireland
| | - Clinton E Canal
- Cybin IRL Limited, North Wall Quay, 1 Spencer Dock, Dublin 1 DO1 X9R7, Ireland
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Tina A Mueller
- Cybin IRL Limited, North Wall Quay, 1 Spencer Dock, Dublin 1 DO1 X9R7, Ireland
- BioIVT, Hicksville, New York 11803, United States
| | - Joshua A Hartsel
- Cybin IRL Limited, North Wall Quay, 1 Spencer Dock, Dublin 1 DO1 X9R7, Ireland
- Consultant, UPS PO Box #105-650, 25422 Trabuco Road, Lake Forest, California 92630, United States
| | - Richa Tyagi
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Ken Avery
- Cybin IRL Limited, North Wall Quay, 1 Spencer Dock, Dublin 1 DO1 X9R7, Ireland
| | - Michael E Morgan
- Cybin IRL Limited, North Wall Quay, 1 Spencer Dock, Dublin 1 DO1 X9R7, Ireland
| | - Amy C Reichelt
- Cybin IRL Limited, North Wall Quay, 1 Spencer Dock, Dublin 1 DO1 X9R7, Ireland
- Faculty of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Pradip Pathare
- Cybin IRL Limited, North Wall Quay, 1 Spencer Dock, Dublin 1 DO1 X9R7, Ireland
| | - Erik Stang
- Cybin IRL Limited, North Wall Quay, 1 Spencer Dock, Dublin 1 DO1 X9R7, Ireland
| | | | - Alex Nivorozhkin
- Cybin IRL Limited, North Wall Quay, 1 Spencer Dock, Dublin 1 DO1 X9R7, Ireland
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Moore C, Avery K, Young A, Hinchliffe R, Potter S. 303 Mapping the Landscape of Surgical Registries in the United Kingdom. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Well-designed surgical registries are essential for high-quality patient-centred evaluation of implantable devices and surgical procedures. The importance of registries was highlighted in the recent Cumberlege report that detailed important innovation failures such as the use of vaginal mesh. Many surgical registries exist, but it is currently unclear how different registries are funded; designed; what data are collected; how databases are hosted and if the data can be linked to other datasets. There is therefore a need to understand the characteristics of and variation in existing surgical registries to make recommendations for how these could be improved. The aim of this work is to identify existing surgical registries in the UK and describe and summarise their key characteristics to inform recommendations for how surgical registries may be improved.
Method
Existing surgical registries will be identified using multiple different sources, including society websites; search engine review; a targeted search of Medline and Embase databases and expert knowledge. Details of each registry will be extracted using a standardised data extraction proforma developed by the study team. Characteristics of identified registries will be summarised into a narrative review.
Results
Identification of registries is ongoing. Preliminary data extraction has highlighted marked heterogeneity in the design, content, and structure of existing surgical registries. Data extraction is ongoing, but results will be available for presentation at the ASIT meeting.
Conclusions
There is considerable heterogeneity in existing surgical registries. Further work is needed to establish the extent of this variation and identify areas that can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Moore
- Centre for Surgical Research, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K. Avery
- Centre for Surgical Research, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A. Young
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - R. Hinchliffe
- Centre for Surgical Research, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S. Potter
- Centre for Surgical Research, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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3
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Scroggie D, Elliott D, Cousins S, Avery K, Blazeby J, Blencowe N. 235 Understanding Stage of Innovation of Invasive Procedures and Devices. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
New and modified surgical procedures and devices are often introduced into clinical practice without adequate evidence of their safety and efficacy. To promote systematic evaluation of surgical innovations, the IDEAL and IDEAL-D frameworks outline recommendations for study design and governance for procedures and devices according to their stage of innovation. However, determining stage of innovation can be difficult, hindering use of such frameworks. There is a need for a detailed understanding of what stage of innovation means, and how it can be determined. The aim of this study is to understand the concept of stage of innovation as reported in the literature.
Method
A systematic review is being conducted. Searches of Ovid Medline and Embase databases have been performed. Articles were screened by title and, then by full text. s and foreign language articles were excluded. Data will be extracted verbatim regarding approaches to evaluating surgical innovations and determining stage of innovation. A thematic analysis will be conducted, and findings summarised in a narrative report.
Results
The search returned 2,946 articles, of which 46 were included. Preliminary findings have identified two approaches for evaluating procedures, and one for devices. Following thematic analysis, the narrative report will explore approaches to evaluating surgical innovations and determining stage of innovation, including barriers to implementation and proposed solutions.
Conclusions
A report of progress will be presented at the Surgical Innovation Summit. An improved understanding of stage of innovation will facilitate better evaluation of surgical innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Scroggie
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - D. Elliott
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S. Cousins
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K. Avery
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J. Blazeby
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - N. Blencowe
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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4
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Tsang C, Lee KS, Richards H, Blazeby J, Avery K. 127 Electronic Collection of Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Discharge After Surgery: A Systematic Review. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Little is known about the electronic collection and clinical feedback of patient reported outcomes (ePROs) post-surgical discharge. This review summarised the evidence on the collection and uses of electronic systems to collect PROs after discharge from hospital following surgery.
Method
Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Central were undertaken from database inception to July 2019 using terms for “patient reported outcomes”, “electronic”, “surgery” and “at home”. Primary research of all study designs was included if they used electronic systems to collect PRO data away from formal health care settings. Only studies in adult patients admitted for surgery then discharged from hospital were eligible.
Results
From 9,474 records identified, 15 studies were reviewed including three randomised controlled trials. Seven studies were in orthopaedic surgery. Most studies used commercial ePRO systems (n = 9/12). Six studies reported types of electronic devices used to collect data: tablets or other portable devices (n = 3), smartphones (n = 2), combination of smartphones, tablets/portable devices and computers (n = 1). Systems had limited features or functions such as real-time feedback to clinicians (n = 6) and messaging service for patients to communicate with care teams (n = 3). No studies described integration of the ePRO system with electronic health records to support clinical feedback.
Conclusions
There is limited reporting of ePRO systems in the surgical literature. ePRO systems lack integration with hospital clinical systems. Future research should describe the ePRO system and ePRO questionnaires used, and challenges encountered during the study, to support efficient upscaling of ePRO systems using tried and tested approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tsang
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K S Lee
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - H Richards
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J Blazeby
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery, Head & Neck, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K Avery
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Miller R, Ambler G, Ramirez J, Rees J, Hinchliffe R, Twine C, Rudd S, Blazeby J, Avery K. Patient Reported Outcome Measures for Major Lower Limb Amputation Caused by Peripheral Artery Disease or Diabetes: A Systematic Review. J Vasc Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Davies CF, Macefield R, Avery K, Blazeby JM, Potter S. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Post-mastectomy Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Development and Measurement Properties. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:386-404. [PMID: 32602063 PMCID: PMC7752876 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast reconstruction (BR) is performed to improve outcomes for patients undergoing mastectomy. A recently developed core outcome set for BR includes six patient-reported outcomes that should be measured and reported in all future studies. It is vital that any instrument used to measure these outcomes as part of a core measurement set be robustly developed and validated so data are reliable and accurate. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the development and measurement properties of existing BR patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to inform instrument selection for future studies. METHODS A PRISMA-compliant systematic review of development and validation studies of BR PROMs was conducted to assess their measurement properties. PROMs with adequate content validity were assessed using three steps: (1) the methodological quality of each identified study was assessed using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist; (2) criteria were applied for assessing good measurement properties; and (3) evidence was summarized and the quality of evidence assessed using a modified GRADE approach. RESULTS Fourteen articles reported the development and measurement properties of six PROMs. Of these, only three (BREAST-Q, BRECON-31, and EORTC QLQ-BRECON-23) were considered to have adequate content validity and proceeded to full evaluation. This showed that all three PROMs had been robustly developed and validated and demonstrated adequate quality. CONCLUSIONS BREAST-Q, BRECON-31, and EORTC QLQ-BRECON-23 have been well-developed and demonstrate adequate measurement properties. Work with key stakeholders is now needed to generate consensus regarding which PROM should be recommended for inclusion in a core measurement set.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Davies
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK.
| | - R Macefield
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - K Avery
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - J M Blazeby
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol Foundation NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - S Potter
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Breast Care Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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7
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Avery K, Palenikova M. Ethnic and Religious Minorities and The Refusal to Vaccinate in Europe and USA. cswhi 2020. [DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_11_2_01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Liu H, Rivnay B, Avery K, Myung JH, Kozak D, Landrau N, Nivorozhkin A, Ashraf M, Yoon S. Optimization of the manufacturing process of a complex amphotericin B liposomal formulation using quality by design approach. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119473. [PMID: 32473373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the manufacturing process of a complex liposomal amphotericin B (AmB) product was optimized using quality by design (QbD) approach. A comprehensive QbD-based process understanding and design space (DS) to the critical process parameters (CPPs) is essential to the drug development and consistent quality control. The process was based on the acid-aided formation of drug-lipid complexes in a methanol-chloroform mixture (step I) followed by spray drying (step II), hydration and liposome formation by microfluidization (step III), and lyophilization (step IV). Firstly, the risk assessment was conducted to identify the critical process parameters among the four key steps. Nine CPPs and five CQAs (API Monomer identity (absorbance main peak at 321 nm), API Aggregation identity (absorbance peak ratio, OD 415 nm/321 nm), particle size, in-vitro toxicity, and the cake quality) were determined based on their severity and occurrences with their contribution to the quality target product profile (QTPP). Based on the risk assessment results, the final screening design of experiments (DoE) was developed using fractional factorial design. Secondly, the empirical equation was developed for each CQA based on experimental data. The impact of CPPs on the CQAs was analyzed using the coefficient plot and contour plot. In addition to the effect of individual formulation parameters and process parameters, the effects of the four key separate steps were also evaluated and compared. In general, the curing temperature during microfluidization has been identified as the most significant CPP. Finally, design space exploration was carried out to demonstrate how the critical process parameters can be varied to consistently produce a drug product with desired characteristics. The design space size increased at the higher value of the curing temperature, the API to phospholipid ratio (API:PL), and the lower value of the DSPG to phospholipid ratio (PG:PL) and aspirator rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huolong Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Benjamin Rivnay
- Landrau Scientific Innovations, LLC, 22 Laurel Street, Leominster, MA 01453, USA
| | - Ken Avery
- Landrau Scientific Innovations, LLC, 22 Laurel Street, Leominster, MA 01453, USA
| | - Ja Hye Myung
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Generic Drugs, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Darby Kozak
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Generic Drugs, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Nelson Landrau
- Landrau Scientific Innovations, LLC, 22 Laurel Street, Leominster, MA 01453, USA
| | - Alex Nivorozhkin
- Neo-Advent Technologies, LLC, 410 Great Rd., Suite 4-2-2, Littleton, MA 01460, USA
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Testing and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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9
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Avery K, Richards H, Portal A, Reed T, Harding R, Carter R, Absolom K, Velikova G, Blazeby J. Systematic electronic capture of patient reported outcomes after cancer surgery: A valuable adjunct to post-operative care. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.10.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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10
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Cousins S, Richards H, Zahra J, Elliott D, Avery K, Robertson H, Paramasivan S, Wilson N, Mathews J, Tolkein Z, Main B, Blencowe N, Hinchliffe R, Blazeby J. #8 Introducing innovative invasive procedures and devices into clinical practice: an in-depth analysis of NHS Trusts’ New Invasive Procedure governance (oral presentation). Int J Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Murkin C, Avery K, Elliott D, Cousins S, Rooshenas L, Blencowe N, Smart N, Blazeby J. Development of a Screening Measure for Symptomatic Parastomal Hernia: Assessing Clinically Relevant Endpoints In The CIPHER Study. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Mason J, McNair A, Blencowe N, Stevens D, Avery K, Pullyblank A, Blazeby J. Exploring the experiences of surgical patients admitted with non-trauma gastrointestinal disorders: A qualitative study. Int J Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Xu B, Nadurata V, Avery K, Chilvers C, Laiu S. Clinical outcomes of pharmaco-invasive ST-elevation myocardial infarction management in Bendigo, Victoria. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Xu B, Nadurata V, Avery K, Chilvers C, Laiu S. Suboptimal clinician adherence to evidence based use of anti-platelet therapy at the time of thrombolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Avery K, Abbara A, Ghani R, Davidson RN. Recurrent tuberculosis at a large tuberculosis centre in the UK. J Infect 2014; 70:427-9. [PMID: 25481404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Avery
- University of East Anglia, UK
| | - A Abbara
- London Northwest Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK.
| | - R Ghani
- London Northwest Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK
| | - R N Davidson
- London Northwest Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK
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Wright A, Andrews N, Bardsley K, Nielsen JE, Avery K, Pewsey E, Jones M, Harley D, Nielsen AR, Moore H, Gokhale P, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Andrews PW, Walsh J, Harrison NJ. Mapping the stem cell state: eight novel human embryonic stem and embryonal carcinoma cell antibodies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:e175-87; discussion e187-8. [PMID: 21651578 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The antigenic profile of human embryonic stem (ES) and embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells has served as a key element of their characterization, with a common panel of surface and intracellular markers now widely used. Such markers have been used to identify cells within the 'undifferentiated state', yet it appears that this categorization may be an oversimplification, because a number of sub-states appear to exist within this state. To increase the resolution of the undifferentiated state, we have generated eight novel monoclonal antibodies, all capable of recognizing undifferentiated human ES and EC cells, and herein describe their characterization. The reactivity of these antibodies against a range of cell lines is reported, as well as their developmental regulation, basic biochemistry and reactivity in immunohistochemistry of testicular germ cell tumours. Our data reveal a range of reactivity for all antibodies against both ES and EC cells, suggesting that these markers will afford recognition of unique sub-states within the undifferentiated stem cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wright
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and the Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
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18
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Avery K, Hughes R, McNair A, Alderson D, Barham P, Blazeby J. Health-related quality of life and survival in the 2 years after surgery for gastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010; 36:148-54. [PMID: 19836921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective study examined health-related quality of life (HRQL) and survival in patients with potentially curable gastric cancer. METHODS Consecutive patients (n=58) selected for curative surgery completed a validated questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and site-specific module (QLQ-STO22) before surgery and regularly for 2 years afterwards. Changes of 10 or more points on a 0-100 scale were considered clinically significant. RESULTS Some 30 patients were alive after 2 years (52%). In the first 3 months after surgery, HRQL was significantly reduced across all dimensions except emotional and cognitive functioning (mean reduction of 10 or more points). Functional aspects of HRQL recovered by 6 months in patients who subsequently were alive at 2 years, although at least a third of patients experienced specific symptoms, even 6 months after surgery, especially diarrhoea. For those dying within 2 years, some postoperative functional HRQL recovery occurred, but many symptoms were common. CONCLUSIONS Potentially curative gastrectomy for cancer has a detrimental impact on HRQL that mostly recovers in patients surviving some 2 years. Patients who die within 2 years may experience limited postoperative recovery. It is recommended that patients receive HRQL information about the outcomes of surgery for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Avery
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Clifton, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
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19
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Hashim H, Avery K, Mourad MS, Chamssuddin A, Ghoniem G, Abrams P. The Arabic ICIQ-UI SF: an alternative language version of the English ICIQ-UI SF. Neurourol Urodyn 2006; 25:277-282. [PMID: 16532458 DOI: 10.1002/nau.20212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common and distressing condition. A variety of questionnaires are currently available to assess UI and its impact on patients' lives. However, most have not been adapted for international use. Following a systematic review of the literature and existing questionnaires the International Consultation on Incontinence short form questionnaire (ICIQ-UI SF) was developed, and has since been translated into many languages for local use. This paper reports the development and validation of the first UI questionnaire in the Arabic language. The development of this questionnaire will facilitate the assessment of UI in both clinical practice and research in the Middle-East. METHODS Translation and validation of the Arabic version of the ICIQ-UI is described. Standard methods of translation by native Arabic and English speakers (including translation and back translation) are followed. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire, including its validity, reliability and sensitivity to change, are examined. The validation of the questionnaire involved patients attending urology outpatient clinics in two Middle-Eastern countries. RESULTS The Arabic ICIQ-UI SF was found to be valid, reliable and responsive, indicating that the psychometric properties of the questionnaire have remained constant throughout the adaptation process. Furthermore, the findings of the psychometric testing confirm those found for the UK-English ICIQ-UI SF. CONCLUSIONS The development of this questionnaire will allow the study of Arabic speaking groups with UI in many countries around the world. This may act as an example to initiate the translation and validation of other patient reported outcomes into the Arabic language, thereby enabling more multinational and cross-cultural research into diseases in given areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hashim
- Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K Avery
- Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - P Abrams
- Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
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20
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a self-completion questionnaire for comprehensive assessment of the severity and impact of vaginal symptoms and related sexual matters, particularly those attributed to pelvic organ prolapse. To provide an instrument that can characterise the severity of these symptoms, measure their impact and evaluate treatment outcome. DESIGN Prospective development of the content of the questionnaire and testing of its psychometric properties including validity. SETTING Two hospital-based urogynaecology clinics and one community general practice in the South of England. POPULATION One hundred and forty-one urogynaecology clinic attendees with varying degrees of pelvic organ prolapse and 77 randomly selected women registered with a general practice. METHODS The questionnaire was developed through a literature review, consultation with clinicians and health scientists and structured interviews with patients. Content validity, construct validity, stability, internal consistency and sensitivity to change were examined by comparing the responses from the urogynaecology clinic with responses from the general community. Sensitivity to change was assessed using responses from women undergoing surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse before and 3 months after surgery. A final version of the questionnaire was obtained after factor analysis to assist item reduction and refinement of the scoring system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Content validity, construct validity, stability (test-retest reliability), internal consistency and sensitivity to change. RESULTS The questionnaire exhibited good validity, reliability and sensitivity to change. Excellent internal consistency was demonstrated for vaginal (Cronbach's alpha 0.79) and sexual (Cronbach's alpha 0.84) symptoms. Reliability was good. The questionnaire was able to identify changes in symptoms following surgical treatment. The final ICIQ-VS questionnaire had 14 items and a simple scoring system. CONCLUSION; The ICIQ-VS self-completion questionnaire meets the need for a robust instrument for assessing a range of vaginal and sexual symptoms, in particular those of pelvic organ prolapse. It will be of use in both routine clinical practice and epidemiological research, particularly when there is a need to assess the severity of these symptoms or the efficacy of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Price
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Avery K. Poor handling of mammography. Tenn Med 1997; 90:270-1. [PMID: 9216237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Avery
- Loss Prevention Committee, State Volunteer Mutual Insurance Company, Brentwood, USA
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Abstract
Following hyperthermia a dramatic drop in intra-lesional pH has occurred in a variety of experimental tumor systems. To date, no direct observations have been made that document the time course of such changes or the recovery from such changes over prolonged periods of time. These experiments were designed to measure intralesional pH as a function of time following "doses" of hyperthermia related to specific biological end points. All studies were conducted in the C3H-mammary carcinoma tumor model system. Intralesional temperature was continuously monitored throughout treatment and post treatment pH was measured with microelectrodes at several specific time points ranging from 4 hrs to 7 days. The pretreatment control value of mean pH was 6.73. At the TCD90 "dose" level the mean value of pH dropped to a level of 6.22 +/- .095 while following the TCD10 "dose" the value obtained was 6.55 +/- .148. Recovery of the pH to higher values followed similar time courses returning to maximum values approximately 3 days post treatment. The recovery, plateau levels of pH were however, separated by approximately .3 pH units with the higher "dose" curve always at lower values than that achieved following the lower "dose".
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Affiliation(s)
- F W Hetzel
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
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23
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Biggs JT, Gougler GM, Coury TL, Avery K. An essential to a successful office: a written credit policy. Quintessence Int Dent Dig 1978; 9:61-7. [PMID: 288095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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