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Julien M, Parinet J, Nun P, Bayle K, Höhener P, Robins RJ, Remaud GS. Fractionation in position-specific isotope composition during vaporization of environmental pollutants measured with isotope ratio monitoring by ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Environ Pollut 2015; 205:299-306. [PMID: 26123718 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Isotopic fractionation of pollutants in terrestrial or aqueous environments is a well-recognized means by which to track different processes during remediation. As a complement to the common practice of measuring the change in isotope ratio for the whole molecule using isotope ratio monitoring by mass spectrometry (irm-MS), position-specific isotope analysis (PSIA) can provide further information that can be exploited to investigate source and remediation of soil and water pollutants. Position-specific fractionation originates from either degradative or partitioning processes. We show that isotope ratio monitoring by (13)C NMR (irm-(13)C NMR) spectrometry can be effectively applied to methyl tert-butylether, toluene, ethanol and trichloroethene to obtain this position-specific data for partitioning. It is found that each compound exhibits characteristic position-specific isotope fractionation patterns, and that these are modulated by the type of evaporative process occurring. Such data should help refine models of how remediation is taking place, hence back-tracking to identify pollutant sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Julien
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Julien Parinet
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement FRE 3416, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Pierrick Nun
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Kevin Bayle
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- University of Aix-Marseille-CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement FRE 3416, Place Victor Hugo 3, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France.
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Bayle K, Julien M, Remaud GS, Akoka S. Suppression of radiation damping for high precision quantitative NMR. J Magn Reson 2015; 259:121-125. [PMID: 26319280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
True quantitative analysis of concentrated samples by (1)H NMR is made very difficult by Radiation Damping. A novel NMR sequence (inspired by the WET NMR sequence and by Outer Volume Saturation methods) is therefore proposed to suppress this phenomenon by reducing the spatial area and consequently the number of spins contributing to the signal detected. The size of the detected volume can be easily chosen in a large range and line shape distortions are avoided thanks to a uniform signal suppression of the outer volume. Composition of a mixture can as a result be determined with very high accuracy (precision and trueness) at the per mille level whatever the concentrations and without hardware modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bayle
- EBSI team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling (CEISAM), University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Maxime Julien
- EBSI team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling (CEISAM), University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- EBSI team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling (CEISAM), University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Serge Akoka
- EBSI team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling (CEISAM), University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes cedex 3, France.
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Bayle K, Grand M, Chaintreau A, Robins RJ, Fieber W, Sommer H, Akoka S, Remaud GS. Internal Referencing for ¹³C Position-Specific Isotope Analysis Measured by NMR Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7550-4. [PMID: 26158226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The intramolecular (13)C composition of a molecule retains evidence relevant to its (bio)synthetic history and can provide valuable information in numerous fields ranging from biochemistry to environmental sciences. Isotope ratio monitoring by (13)C NMR spectrometry (irm-(13)C NMR) is a generic method that offers the potential to conduct (13)C position-specific isotope analysis with a precision better than 1‰. Until now, determining absolute values also required measurement of the global (or bulk) (13)C composition (δ(13)Cg) by mass spectrometry. In a radical new approach, it is shown that an internal isotopic chemical reference for irm-(13)C NMR can be used instead. The strategy uses (1)H NMR to quantify both the number of moles of the reference and of the studied compound present in the NMR tube. Thus, the sample preparation protocol is greatly simplified, bypassing the previous requirement for precise purity and mass determination. The key to accurate results is suppressing the effect of radiation damping in (1)H NMR which produces signal distortion and alters quantification. The methodology, applied to vanillin with dimethylsulfone as an internal standard, has an equivalent accuracy (<1‰) to that of the conventional approach. Hence, it was possible to clearly identify vanillin from different origins based on the (13)C isotopic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bayle
- †EBSI Team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling (CEISAM), University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Mathilde Grand
- †EBSI Team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling (CEISAM), University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | | | - Richard J Robins
- †EBSI Team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling (CEISAM), University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | | | | | - Serge Akoka
- †EBSI Team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling (CEISAM), University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- †EBSI Team, Interdisciplinary Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Modeling (CEISAM), University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322, Nantes Cedex 3, France
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Bayle K, Akoka S, Remaud GS, Robins RJ. Nonstatistical 13C distribution during carbon transfer from glucose to ethanol during fermentation is determined by the catabolic pathway exploited. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:4118-28. [PMID: 25538251 PMCID: PMC4326821 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During the anaerobic fermentation of glucose to ethanol, the three micro-organisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides exploit, respectively, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas, the Entner-Doudoroff, and the reductive pentose phosphate pathways. Thus, the atoms incorporated into ethanol do not have the same affiliation to the atomic positions in glucose. The isotopic fractionation occurring in each pathway at both the methylene and methyl positions of ethanol has been investigated by isotopic quantitative (13)C NMR spectrometry with the aim of observing whether an isotope redistribution characteristic of the enzymes active in each pathway can be measured. First, it is found that each pathway has a unique isotope redistribution signature. Second, for the methylene group, a significant apparent kinetic isotope effect is only found in the reductive pentose phosphate pathway. Third, the apparent kinetic isotope effects related to the methyl group are more pronounced than for the methylene group. These findings can (i) be related to known kinetic isotope effects of some of the enzymes concerned and (ii) give indicators as to which steps in the pathways are likely to be influencing the final isotopic composition in the ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bayle
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, UMR 6230, CNRS-University of Nantes, BP 99208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Serge Akoka
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, UMR 6230, CNRS-University of Nantes, BP 99208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Gérald S Remaud
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, UMR 6230, CNRS-University of Nantes, BP 99208, F-44322 Nantes, France
| | - Richard J Robins
- From the Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, UMR 6230, CNRS-University of Nantes, BP 99208, F-44322 Nantes, France
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