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Khatami K, Estedlal A, Vali M, Kamalipour A, Mahmoudinezhad G, Nejabat M, Nowroozzadeh MH, Vardanjani HM. Prevalence and secular trends of four causes of blindness and visual impairment in Iran (1990-2019): a comparative study based on the Global Burden of Disease project's data. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4719-4728. [PMID: 37713146 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cataracts, refractive disorders, age-related macular disease (AMD), and glaucoma, as well as their trends from 1990 to 2019 in Iran, in comparison with high-middle socio-demographic index (HMSDI) countries and the world, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. METHODS The GBD study provided data on the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment (VI), as well as four of their causes including cataracts, refractive disorders, age-related macular disease (AMD), and glaucoma. Using Joinpoint analysis, the annual percent change (APC) was calculated to assess the trend of change in prevalence in each category of diseases from 1990 to 2019, stratified by sex and age, for Iran, HMSDI countries, and the world. RESULTS In 2019, refractive errors and cataracts were the most common causes of blindness and VI for both genders in Iran, HMSDI countries and the world. Iran had a higher age-standardized prevalence in all four categories of ophthalmologic disorders compared to HMSDI countries and the world for both genders in 2019. Additionally, the age-specific prevalence of all four disorders in 2019 was higher in Iran compared to HMSDI countries. However, in terms of trends of prevalence from 1990 to 2019, the rate of reduction for the four ophthalmologic disorders in Iran was higher than in HMSDI and the world for both males and females. Furthermore, Iran had a greater percentage of reduction in prevalence for all age groups in all four disorders compared to HMSDI countries. CONCLUSION The prevalence of cataracts, refractive errors, AMD, and glaucoma in Iran was higher compared to HMSDI countries in 2019 for both sexes and all age groups, but the trends of prevalence for all four disorders from 1990 to 2019 in Iran had a higher slope of reduction compared to HMSDI countries for all ages and sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Khatami
- MD-MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - AliReza Estedlal
- MD-MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohebat Vali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - AliReza Kamalipour
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Golnoush Mahmoudinezhad
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mahmood Nejabat
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Molavi Vardanjani
- MD-MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- MD-MPH Department, School of Medicine, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Khatami K, Sarikhani Y, Fereidooni R, Salehi-Marzijarani M, Akabri M, Khabir L, Mani A, Yaghikosh M, Haghdel A, Heydari ST, Lankarani KB. Association of risky driving behavior with psychiatric disorders among Iranian drivers: A case-control study. Chin J Traumatol 2023; 26:290-296. [PMID: 36357274 PMCID: PMC10533522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the possible association between psychological disorders and risky driving behavior (RDB) in Iran. METHODS This case-control study conducted in Shiraz, Iran in 2021. The case group included drivers with psychological disorders and the control group included those without any disorders. The inclusion criteria for selecting patients were: active driving at the time of the study, being 18 - 65 years old, having a driving license, having a psychological disorder including depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety spectrum disorder, or psychotic disorder spectrum confirmed by a psychiatrist, and completing an informed consent form. The exclusion criterion was the existence of conditions that interfered with answering and understanding the questions. The inclusion criteria for selecting the healthy cases were: active driving at the time of the study, being 18 - 65 years old, having a driving license, lack of any past or present history of psychiatric problems, and completing an informed consent form. The data were gathered using a researcher-made checklist and Manchester driving behavior questionnaire. First, partition around medoids method was used to extract clusters of RDB. Then, backward logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between the independent variables and the clusters of RDB. RESULTS The sample comprised of 344 (153 with psychological disorder and 191 without confirmed psychological disorder) drivers. Backward elimination logistic regression on total data revealed that share of medical expenditure ≤ 10% of total household expenditure (OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.48 - 7.24), psychological disorder (OR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.67 - 5.70), and substance abuse class (OR = 6.38, 95% CI: 3.55 - 11.48) were associated with high level of RDB. CONCLUSION Substance abuse, psychological illnesses, and share of medical costs from total household expenditure were found to be main predictors of RDB. Further investigations are necessary to explain the impact of different psychological illnesses on driving behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Khatami
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yaser Sarikhani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Reza Fereidooni
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Akabri
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Khabir
- Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Mani
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Yaghikosh
- Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Haghdel
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Nowroozzadeh MH, Khatami K, Estedlal A, Emadi Z, Zarei A, Razeghinejad R. Variance in the macular sublayers' volume as a diagnostic tool for primary open-angle glaucoma. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:261-269. [PMID: 35869403 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the variance of macular sublayers' volume in glaucoma patients compared with normal individuals. METHODS This case-control observational study included 63 cases of primary open-angle glaucoma and 57 healthy controls. Macular volumetric scans were captured at the 6 mm ETDRS circle for each retinal sublayer using Spectralis OCT2. The studied macular sublayers included the retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, and outer retinal layers (external limiting membrane to the retinal pigment epithelium). Standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CoV) of macular sublayers' volume were calculated. An unpaired Student t test (or its nonparametric equivalent) was used to compare each variable between groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to investigate the discriminative ability of each parameter. RESULTS There was no significant difference for age or sex between the groups. The SD (of all sublayers' volume) was greater in the glaucomatous eyes compared with controls (0.620 ± 0.073vs.0.524 ± 0.056 mm3, respectively; P < 0.001). The same pattern was observed for CoV (7.890 ± 0.979vs.6.128 ± 0.583; P < 0.001). The area under curves (AUCs) for SD and CoV were 0.855and0.930, respectively (P = 0.05). The best cutoff value for the CoV was 6.712. The CoV and ganglion cell layer (GCL) volume revealed similar sensitivity (80.75) at 95% specificity for diagnosing glaucoma. The CoV detected 5 patients with glaucoma who had normal GCC volume. CONCLUSION This study showed that the macular sublayers' volume variance parameters could be viable OCT biomarkers for detecting glaucomatous changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hossein Nowroozzadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Kiana Khatami
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Estedlal
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Emadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Athar Zarei
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Akabri M, Sarikhani Y, Khatami K, Ardalan A, Safarpour H, Imanieh MH, Ostovar T, Tabrizi R, Mani A, Heydari ST, Bagheri Lankarani K. The association between the score of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity traits and risky driving behaviors with alcohol intake and narcotics consumption among Iranian motorcyclists. Traffic Inj Prev 2021; 22:189-194. [PMID: 33661079 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1877278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motorcycle drivers are among the most vulnerable road users, accounting for a large proportion of global traffic accidents. This study aimed to investigate the association between the score of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) traits and risky driving behaviors (RDB) with alcohol intake (AI) and narcotics consumption (NC) among motorcyclists in Iran. METHODS This multi-center cross-sectional study encompassed 1747 motorcyclists from three cities in Iran. A random sampling method was applied in this study, and the required data was collected using three standard questionnaires on ADHD, substance abuse, and RDB. Independent sample t-test, covariance analysis, and quantile regression (QR) were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The results of t-test and analysis of covariance indicated that AI and NC were significantly associated with ADHD score and RDB among the motorcycle drivers. Additionally, the QR models showed that these effects were significant at all quantiles of ADHD and RDB, even for individuals who were at lower quantiles. CONCLUSIONS Considering the potential dangers of driving after AI and NC, appropriate measures should be adopted before certifying a driving license to screen ADHD as a predisposing factor for substance abuse and RDB. Furthermore, it is essential to equip traffic police with adequate diagnosis kits and establish heavy penalties for the offenders. In this regard, all interventions aimed to reduce traffic accidents among motorcycle drivers should be done considering the interrelationship between ADHD, RDB, and substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akabri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yaser Sarikhani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Kiana Khatami
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Ardalan
- Department of Mathematics, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Heidar Safarpour
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Imanieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Namazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ostovar
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Mani
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mousavinasab F, Babaie D, Nilipour Y, Mansouri M, Imanzadeh F, Dara N, Rohani P, Khatami K, Sayyari A, Khoddami M, Kazemiaghdam M, Mesdaghi M. Increased number of regulatory T cells in esophageal tissue of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis in comparison to gastro esophageal reflux disease and control groups. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:431-436. [PMID: 31178311 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a primarily polygenic allergic disorder. Although most patients have IgE sensitization, it seems that non-IgE mediated responses mainly contribute to the pathogenesis of EoE. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) may have an important role in allergies. There are limited data on the association of Tregs and EoE. In this study, we enumerated and compared T lymphocytes and Tregs in esophageal tissue of patients with EoE, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and normal controls. METHODS Ten patients with EoE, ten patients with GERD and eight normal controls were included. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to enumerate T lymphocytes and Tregs. CD3+ cells were considered as T cells and FOXP3+, CD3+ cells were considered as Tregs. T cells and Tregs were counted in 10 high power fields (HPF) (×400) for each patient and the average of 10 HPFs was recorded. RESULTS The mean±SEM of Tregs in esophageal tissue of patients with EoE (10.90±2.14cells/HPF) was significantly higher than the GERD (2.77±0.66cells/HPF) and control groups (0.37±0.08cells/HPF) (P<0.001). Additionally, the mean±SEM of T lymphocytes in esophageal tissue of patients with EoE (24.39±3.86cells/HPF) were increased in comparison to the GERD (10.07±2.65cells/HPF) and control groups (3.17±0.93cells/HPF) (P<0.001). CONCLUSION There is an increase in the number of esophageal T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells in patients with EoE compared to the GERD and control groups.
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