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Helgadottir A, Thorleifsson G, Snaebjarnarson A, Stefansdottir L, Sveinbjornsson G, Tragante V, Björnsson E, Steinthorsdottir V, Gretarsdottir S, Helgason H, Saemundsdottir J, Olafsson I, Thune JJ, Raja AA, Ghouse J, Olesen MS, Christensen A, Jacobsen RL, Dowsett J, Bruun MT, Nielsen K, Knowlton K, Nadauld L, Benediktsson R, Erikstrup C, Pedersen OB, Banasik K, Brunak S, Bundgaard H, Ostrowski SR, Sulem P, Arnar DO, Thorgeirsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Stefansson K, Holm H. Cholesterol not particle concentration mediates the atherogenic risk conferred by apolipoprotein B particles: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2374-2385. [PMID: 36125206 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The causal contribution of apolipoprotein B (apoB) particles to coronary artery disease (CAD) is established. We examined whether this atherogenic contribution is better reflected by non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) or apoB particle concentration. METHOD AND RESULTS We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using 235 variants as genetic instruments; testing the relationship between their effects on the exposures, non-HDL-C and apoB, and on the outcome CAD using weighted regression. Variant effect estimates on the exposures came from the UK Biobank (N = 376 336) and on the outcome from a meta-analysis of five CAD datasets (187 451 cases and 793 315 controls). Subsequently, we carried out sensitivity and replication analyses.In univariate MR analysis, both exposures associated with CAD (βnon-HDL-C = 0.40, P = 2.8 × 10-48 and βapoB = 0.38, P = 1.3 × 10-44). Adding effects on non-HDL-C into a model that already included those on apoB significantly improved the genetically predicted CAD effects (P = 3.9 × 10-5), while adding apoB into the model including non-HDL-C did not (P = 0.69). Thirty-five per cent (82/235) of the variants used as genetic instruments had discordant effects on the exposures, associating with non-HDL-C/apoB ratio at P < 2.1 × 10-4 (0.05/235). Fifty-one variants associated at genome-wide significance. CONCLUSION Many sequence variants have discordant effects on non-HDL-C and apoB. These variants allowed us to show that the causal mechanism underlying the relationship between apolipoprotein B particles and CAD is more associated with non-HDL-C than apoB particle concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Helgadottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eyþór Björnsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | | | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Jens Jakob Thune
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Axelsson Raja
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ghouse
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Salling Olesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Christensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Jacobsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph Dowsett
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie Topholm Bruun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaspar Nielsen
- Department of Clicnical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Rafn Benediktsson
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital-Køge, Køge, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Department of Medicine, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 4, Reykjavik 107, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
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Haddad F, Ataam JA, Amsallem M, Cauwenberghs N, Kuznetsova T, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Zamanian RT, Karakikes I, Horne BD, Muhlestein JB, Kwee L, Shah S, Maecker H, Knight S, Knowlton K. Insulin Growth Factor Phenotypes in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, an INSPIRE Registry and CATHGEN Study: IGF axis in HFpEF. J Card Fail 2021; 28:935-946. [PMID: 34979242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin like growth factor (IGF) axis emerged as an important pathway in heart failure with preserved ejection (HFpEF). We aimed to identify IGF phenotypes associated with HFpEF in the context high-dimensional proteomic profiling. METHODS From the Intermountain INSPIRE Registry, we identified 96 patients with HFpEF and matched controls. We performed targeted proteomics including IGF-1,2, IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) 1-7 and 111 other proteins (EMD Millipore and ELISA). We used partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to identify a set of proteins associated with prevalent HFpEF, pulmonary hypertension (PH) and 5-year-all-cause mortality. K-mean clustering was used to identify IGF phenotypes. RESULTS Patients with HFpEF had a high prevalence of systemic hypertension (95%) and coronary artery disease (74%). Using PLS-DA, we identified a set of biomarkers including IGF1,2 and IGFBP-1,2,7 that provided a strong discrimination of HFPEF, PH and mortality with an AUC of 0.91, 0.77 and 0.83, respectively. Using K mean clustering, we identified three IGF phenotypes that were independently associated with all-cause 5-year mortality after adjustment for age, NT-proBNP and kidney disease (p=0.004). Multivariable analysis validated the prognostic value of IGFBP-1 and 2 in the CATHGEN biorepository. CONCLUSION IGF phenotypes were associated with PH and mortality in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Haddad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Jennifer Arthur Ataam
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Myriam Amsallem
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Vera Moulton Wall Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Cauwenberghs
- Research Unit of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Research Unit of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yael Rosenberg-Hasson
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roham T Zamanian
- Vera Moulton Wall Center at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin D Horne
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Intermountain Medical Center, Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Lydia Kwee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Svati Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Holden Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stacey Knight
- Intermountain Medical Center, Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kirk Knowlton
- Intermountain Medical Center, Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Anderson JL, May H, Knight S, Bair T, Le V, Muhlestein J, Knowlton K, Horne B. DOES ABO BLOOD GROUP INFLUENCE RISK OR SEVERITY OF COVID-19? J Am Coll Cardiol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8091291 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(21)04441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bunch TJ, May H, Bair T, Steinberg BA, Muhlestein JB, Anderson JL, Knowlton K. ECONOMICS OF SOTALOL IN-PATIENT DOSING APPROACHES IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)30989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Muhlestein JB, Kammerer J, Bair T, Knowlton K, Le VT, Anderson JL, Lappe D, May HT. INCIDENCE OF, AND OVERALL CLINICAL BURDEN ASSOCIATED WITH, HYPERKALEMIA IN A LARGE INTEGRATED HEALTHCARE SYSTEM. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)32537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Anderson JL, Le VT, May H, Johnson K, Cripps S, Schwab L, Braun S, Moreno FL, Lappe D, Knowlton K, Muhlestein JB. QUANTIFYING THE CHALLENGE OF UNTREATED SEVERE HYPERLIPIDEMIA: THE CORCAL VANGUARD TRIAL. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)32611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Muhlestein JB, Kammerer J, Bair T, Knowlton K, Le VT, Anderson JL, Lappe D, May H. EFFECT OF BASELINE LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION ON FUTURE CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN A REAL-WORLD POPULATION OF PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE: HOW EXACTLY DOES HFREF COMPARE WITH HFPEF? J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)31526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Muhlestein JB, Horne BD, Allred NA, Riessen ER, McCubrey R, May H, Harrison CJ, Knowlton K, Anderson JL. IMPACT OF ACHIEVED AVERAGE SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE LEVELS ON FUTURE MORTALITY AMONG A REAL-WORLD POPULATION OF PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)32675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Anderson JL, Horne BD, Doty JR, Jones KW, Bair T, May H, Muhlestein JB, Knowlton K. OUTCOMES AFTER SURGICAL EXCISION OF THE LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE WITH OR WITHOUT ANTICOAGULATION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)31036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Anderson JL, Horne BD, Le VT, Bair T, Min D, Biswas S, Minder CM, Dhar R, Mason S, Muhlestein JB, Knowlton K. SPECTRUM OF NUCLEAR PERFUSION STUDY ABNORMALITIES IN TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)31455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Knight S, Bride D, Mason S, Le VT, Min D, Meredith KG, Biswas S, Anderson J, Muhlestein J, Bunch T, Knowlton K. THE IMPACT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AT TIME OF CARDIAC PET STRESS TESTING ON RESULTS, CORONARY OUTCOMES, AND MACE. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)32084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Meredith KG, Knight S, McCubrey R, Mason S, Min D, Biswas S, Anderson J, Muhlestein J, Knowlton K. PET/CT DERIVED ISCHEMIC BURDEN OF 10% PREDICTS OPTIMAL TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR SYMPTOMATIC CAD. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)30612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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May HT, Knowlton K, Anderson J, Lappe D, Bair T, Muhlestein J. IN PATIENTS WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, HIGH STATIN ADHERENCE OVER 5 YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES: RESULTS FROM THE IMPRES STUDY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)30706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tremblay-Gravel M, Kobayashi Y, Boralkar K, Li X, Bouajila S, Nishi T, Amsallem M, Moneghetti K, Selej M, Ozen M, Demirci U, Ashley EA, Wheeler M, Knowlton K, Kouznetsova T, Haddad F. INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC VALUES OF CLINICAL RISK SCORES, RIGHT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC PRESSURE, AND N-TERMINAL PRO-B-TYPE PEPTIDE IN HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION: INSIGHTS FROM SUPERVISED AND UNSUPERVISED MODELS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)31326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Anderson JL, Jacobs V, Christensen GB, Escobar H, Horne B, Knight S, Afshar K, Hebl VB, Knowlton K, Muhlestein J, Carlquist J, Nadauld LD. DISCOVERY OF NOVEL TITIN (TTN) GENE TRUNCATING MUTATIONS AMONG A CONSECUTIVE COHORT OF PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH IDIOPATHIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY (IDC). J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)31267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Knowlton K, von Keyserlingk M. 510 To treat or not to treat: Public attitudes on the therapeutic use of antibiotics in the dairy industry. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Knowlton
- Virginia Tech,Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - M von Keyserlingk
- Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia,Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Muhlestein JB, Doty JR, Lappe D, Knowlton K, May H, Barker T, Carlquist J, Konery K, Inglet S, Chisum B, Le VT, Galenko O, Anderson J. ACUTE EFFECTS OF CARDIAC SURGERY ON 25 (OH) VITAMIN D (VITD) LEVELS AND RESPONSE TO VITD SUPPLEMENTATION: PRIMARY RESULTS OF THE ASSESS-D STUDY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)31935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Min DB, Mason S, Knight S, Ethington JD, Le VT, Meredith K, Dhar R, Anderson J, Muhlestein J, Lappe D, Knowlton K. CARDIAC STRESS TESTING GUIDES SUBSEQUENT PATIENT MANAGEMENT: RATES OF CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY BASED ON MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING RESULTS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)32038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Le VT, Knight S, Min D, Jensen K, Lappe D, Dhar R, Meredith KG, Mason S, Anderson J, Muhlestein J, Knowlton K. ABSENCE OF VISUAL CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM ON LOW DOSE ATTENUATION CT DURING PET/CT PREDICTS VERY LOW INCIDENCE OF REVASCULARIZATION AND MACE. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)32218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Boralkar K, Kobayashi Y, Pargaonkar V, Moneghetti K, Tuzovic M, Krishnan G, Amsallem M, Kouznetsova T, Horne B, Knowlton K, Heidenreich P, Haddad F. THE COMPLEMENTARY VALUE OF THE GET WITH THE GUIDELINES: HEART FAILURE RISK SCORE AND LABORATORY MARKERS AT DISCHARGE IN PREDICTING MORTALITY IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED WITH HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)31380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Min DB, Mason S, Knight S, Ethington JD, Le VT, Meredith K, Dhar R, Anderson J, Muhlestein J, Lappe D, Knowlton K. TRANSITIONING FROM CARDIAC SPECT TO PET MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING RESULTED IN INCREASED ASCERTAINMENT OF INDIVIDUALS REQUIRING REVASCULARIZATION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)32039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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May HT, Horne B, Knight S, Knowlton K, Bair T, Lappe D, Le V, Muhlestein JB. THE ASSOCIATION OF DEPRESSION AT ANY TIME TO THE RISK OF DEATH FOLLOWING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE DIAGNOSIS: THE INTERMOUNTAIN INSPIRE REGISTRY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)33446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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May HT, Lappe D, Knowlton K, Muhlestein JB, Horne B. PREDICTING 3-YEAR RISK OF INCIDENT CHRONIC DISEASE IN DISEASE-FREE PRIMARY CARE PATIENTS: THE INTERMOUNTAIN CHRONIC DISEASE MODEL (ICHRON). J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)35884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lavasani F, May H, Kwan AC, Cater G, Rosen BD, Bluemke D, Lappe D, Anderson J, Knowlton K, Lima J, Muhlestein J. PREDICTION OF FUTURE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK BY ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS CT CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY-DETERMINED QUANTITATIVE PLAQUE COMPOSITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIABETES ENROLLED IN THE FACTOR-64 STUDY: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CALCIFIED CORONARY PLAQUE. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)34981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Horne BD, Bunch TJ, May H, Knowlton K, Muhlestein JB, Graves KG, Jacobs V, Lappe D. IMPROVEMENT OF CHA2DS2-VASC RISK STRATIFICATION OF STROKE AND MORTALITY USING THE INTERMOUNTAIN RISK SCORE AMONG ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)33862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Galenko O, Taylor M, Trang J, Knight S, Jacobs V, Cutler MJ, Muhlestein JB, Carlquist J, Knowlton K, Bunch TJ. CIRCULATING MICRORNA PATTERNS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POST-ABLATION RECURRENCE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)33864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kulesza SB, Maguire RO, Xia K, Cushman J, Knowlton K, Ray P. Manure Injection Affects the Fate of Pirlimycin in Surface Runoff and Soil. J Environ Qual 2016; 45:1466. [PMID: 27380099 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.06.0266er] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Oba T, Yasukawa H, Sasaki KI, Futamata N, Mawatari K, Kyougoku S, Nagata T, Hoshijima M, Knowlton K, Imaizumi T. Cardiac-Specific Deletion of SOCS3 Prevented Myocardial Apoptosis After Acute Myocardial Infarction Through Inhibiting Mitochondrial Damage. J Card Fail 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kinney P, Bell M, Hogrefe C, Knowlton K, Rosenthal J, Rosenzweig C. Climate Change, Air Quality, and Health: Assessing Potential Impacts Over the Eastern US. Epidemiology 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000276727.37336.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Kirsner
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago
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Hogrefe C, Lynn B, Civerolo K, Ku JY, Rosenthal J, Rosenzweig C, Goldberg R, Gaffin S, Knowlton K, Kinney PL. Simulating changes in regional air pollution over the eastern United States due to changes in global and regional climate and emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Hogrefe
- Atmospheric Sciences Research Center; State University of New York at Albany; Albany New York USA
| | - B. Lynn
- Center for Climate Systems Research; Columbia Earth Institute of Columbia University, Columbia University; New York New York USA
| | - K. Civerolo
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Bureau of Air Quality Analysis and Research; Albany New York USA
| | - J.-Y. Ku
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; Bureau of Air Quality Analysis and Research; Albany New York USA
| | - J. Rosenthal
- Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York New York USA
| | - C. Rosenzweig
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; New York New York USA
| | - R. Goldberg
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; New York New York USA
| | - S. Gaffin
- Center for Climate Systems Research; Columbia Earth Institute of Columbia University, Columbia University; New York New York USA
| | - K. Knowlton
- Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York New York USA
| | - P. L. Kinney
- Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York New York USA
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Zhao X, Lamphear BJ, Xiong D, Knowlton K, Rhoads RE. Protection of cap-dependent protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro with an eIF4G-1 variant highly resistant to cleavage by Coxsackievirus 2A protease. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:4449-57. [PMID: 12475969 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212393200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The shutoff of host protein synthesis by certain picornaviruses is mediated, at least in part, by proteolytic cleavage of eIF4G-1. Previously, we developed a cleavage site variant of eIF4G-1, termed eIF4G-1(SM), that was 100-fold more resistant to in vitro cleavage by Coxsackievirus 2A protease (2A(Pro)) than wild-type eIF4G-1 (eIF4G-1(WT)), but it was still digested at high protease concentrations. Here we identified a secondary cleavage site upstream of the primary site. We changed Gly at the P1'-position of the secondary site to Ala to produce eIF4G-1(DM). eIF4G-1(DM) was 1,000-10,000-fold more resistant to cleavage in vitro than eIF4G-1(WT). Full functional activity of eIF4G-1(DM) was demonstrated in vitro by its ability to restore cap-dependent translation to a 2A(Pro)-pretreated rabbit reticulocyte system. An isoform containing the binding site for poly(A)-binding protein, eIF4G-1e(DM), was more active in this assay than an isoform lacking it, eIF4G-1a(DM), but only with polyadenylated mRNA. Functional activity was also demonstrated in vivo with stably transfected HeLa cells expressing eIF4G-1(DM) from a tetracycline-regulated promoter. Cap-dependent green fluorescent protein synthesis was drastically inhibited by 2A(Pro) expression, but synthesis was almost fully restored by induction of either eIF4G-1a(DM) or eIF4G-1e(DM). By contrast, encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site-dependent green fluorescent protein synthesis was stimulated by 2A(Pro); stimulation was suppressed by eIF4G-1e(DM) but not eIF4G-1a(DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA
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Abstract
Over the course of the 20th century, the United States became an urban nation: 80% of Americans now live in metropolitan areas. Supplying basic sanitary services-drinking water, sewers, and garbage removal-to these cities is a gargantuan task, yet most people have little understanding of urban infrastructure systems and their enormous regional ecologic impacts. Municipalization of sanitary services, especially since 1880, distanced people from their wastes and gave city dwellers a simplistic experience of one-way material flow through cities, without knowledge of the environmental costs. Most sanitary infrastructures were built primarily for durability and lack the elasticity to meet changing needs. The challenge now is to adapt sanitary systems for flexibility and simultaneously move from unchecked material consumption toward resource-based thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Knowlton
- Mailman School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Mancini M, Sedghinasab M, Knowlton K, Tam A, Hockenbery D, Anderson BO. Flow cytometric measurement of mitochondrial mass and function: a novel method for assessing chemoresistance. Ann Surg Oncol 1998; 5:287-95. [PMID: 9607633 DOI: 10.1007/bf02303787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapeutic agents induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Drugs failing to induce apoptosis are likely to have decreased clinical efficacy. We hypothesize that (1) chemotherapeutic agents induce mitochondrial changes and apoptosis through mechanisms associated with reactive oxidant species production; (2) the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 prevents drug-induced mitochondrial changes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis; and (3) the assay of drug-induced mitochondrial changes can reflect drug-specific chemoresistance in a given cancer cell line. METHODS A stable Bcl-2 transfectant of the Bcl-2 negative breast cancer cell line SKBr3 was created (SKBr3/Bcl2-2). Both SKBr3 and SKBr3/Bcl2-2 cells were treated with Herbimycin A (300 ng/mL) or vehicle (1% DMSO). Cell cycle changes were assessed by BRDU staining. Apoptosis was determined by electron microscopy, TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) staining, and diphenylamine assay of DNA fragmentation. Changes in mitochondrial mass and transmembrane potential (deltapsi(m)) were assessed by flow cytometric assessment of JC-1 fluorescence. Reactive oxygen species production was measured by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH) fluorescence. RESULTS Both SKBr3 and SKBr3/Bcl2-2 cells show cell cycle arrest after Herbimycin treatment. However, SKBr3 cells, but not SKBr3/Bcl2-2 cells, undergo apoptosis. Herbimycin-treated SKBr3 cells show increased mitochondrial mass (JC-1 green fluorescence), with no corresponding increase in deltapsi(m) (JC-1 red fluorescence). By contrast, Herbimycin-treated SKBr3/Bcl2-2 cells show no change in mitochondrial mass or deltapsi(m). Similarly, drug-treated SKBr3 cells, but not SKBr3/Bcl2-2 cells, demonstrate increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production concomitant with the development of apoptosis. CONCLUSION SKBr3 cells undergoing apoptosis demonstrate mitochondrial changes associated with ROS production. Bcl-2 transfection prevents these changes because it prevents apoptosis and induces chemoresistance to Herbimycin in SKBr3. Flow cytometric measurement of drug induced mitochondrial changes and ROS production may facilitate in vitro assessment of chemosensitivity or chemoresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mancini
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the Bcl-2 protein promotes tumor cell survival by blocking programmed cell death (apoptosis), Bcl-2 expression has been associated with favorable prognostic indicators in breast cancer. We hypothesize that despite its antiapoptotic effects, Bcl-2 slows tumor cell proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bcl-2-negative breast cancer cells (SKBr3) were transfected with the bcl-2 gene (Bcl2-1 clone, low expression; Bcl2-2 clone, high expression) or plasmid control (Neo). Cell cycle distribution and kinetics were analyzed using bivariate flow cytometry (PI staining and pulse BrdU uptake). Cells were treated for 72 h with doxorubicin (100 ng/ml) or vehicle (0.01% DMSO) and assayed for cytosolic DNA with diphenylamine to measure apoptosis. RESULTS Cell counting showed increased doubling time in the Bcl-2-expressing clones Bcl2-1 and Bcl2-2 (Bcl-2(+)) relative to the Bcl-2-nonexpressing lines SKBr3 and Neo (Bcl-2(-)). Cell cycle analysis showed a decreased S phase fraction in Bcl-2(+) cells. Pulse BrdU uptake showed an increased G1/G0 fraction in Bcl-2(+) cells. Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis occurred in Bcl-2(-) but not in Bcl-2(+) cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Despite antiapoptotic effects favoring tumor survival, Bcl-2 prolongs cell cycle. Decreased tumor proliferation may account for the association of Bcl-2 expression with a favorable outcome in breast cancer, even though Bcl-2 may mediate chemoresistance in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Knowlton
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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Sheng Z, Knowlton K, Chen J, Hoshijima M, Brown JH, Chien KR. Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1) inhibition of cardiac myocyte apoptosis via a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. Divergence from downstream CT-1 signals for myocardial cell hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:5783-91. [PMID: 9038192 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.9.5783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myocyte survival is of central importance in the maintenance of the function of heart, as well as in the development of a variety of cardiac diseases. To understand the molecular mechanisms that govern this function, we characterized apoptosis in cardiac muscle cells following serum deprivation. Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1), a potent cardiac survival factor (Sheng, Z., Pennica, D., Wood, W. I., and Chien, K. R. (1996) Development (Camb.) 122, 419-428), is capable of inhibiting apoptosis in cardiac myocytes. To explore the potential downstream pathways that might be responsible for this effect, we documented that CT-1 activated both signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)- and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-dependent pathways. The transfection of a MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) dominant negative mutant cDNA into myocardial cells blocked the antiapoptotic effects of CT-1, indicating a requirement of the MAP kinase pathway for the survival effect of CT-1. A MEK-specific inhibitor (PD098059) (Dudley, D. T., Pang, L., Decker, S.-J., Bridges, A. J., and Saltiel, A. R. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 7686-7689) is capable of blocking the activation of MAP kinase, as well as the survival effect of CT-1. In contrast, this inhibitor did not block the activation of STAT3, nor did it have any effect on the hypertrophic response elicited following stimulation of CT-1. Therefore, CT-1 promotes cardiac myocyte survival via the activation of an antiapoptotic signaling pathway that requires MAP kinases, whereas the hypertrophy induced by CT-1 may be mediated by alternative pathways, e.g. Janus kinase/STAT or MEK kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sheng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Vincent GM, Fox J, Knowlton K, Dixon JA. Catheter-directed neodymium:YAG laser injury of the left ventricle for arrhythmia ablation: dosimetry and hemodynamic, hematologic, and electrophysiologic effects. Lasers Surg Med 1989; 9:446-53. [PMID: 2811567 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.1900090504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated catheter-directed laser injury of the left ventricular myocardium in a canine model as a potential method for treatment of resistant ventricular tachycardia. The relationship between laser energy delivered, the laser delivery characteristics, and the lesion size was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The effect of laser injury on several hematologic and hemodynamic parameters was studied. Programmed electrical stimulation studies were performed to assess the proarrhythmia potential of laser injury of the myocardium. The results showed the depth and diameter of myocardial injury to be directly related to total laser energy applied. Both depth and diameter of injury were increased by multiple applications of laser energy to the same myocardial location. One-half to full thickness left ventricular injury was produced without perforation or embolization. Endocardial vaporization occurred only with laser powers higher than necessary to produce full-thickness injury. There was no sustained effect on the hemodynamic or hematologic variables studied, nor were proarrhythmia effects identified. The laser injury produced in these studies was of smaller magnitude than might be necessary for clinical arrhythmia ablation, and the lack of sustained hemodynamic effects and pro-arrhythmia potential needs to be verified in subsequent studies with larger laser lesions. The results support continued evaluation of catheter-directed laser injury of the myocardium as a potential method for elimination of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Vincent
- Laser Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
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Abstract
As previously demonstrated by Badler and O'Rourke, a variety of 3-D objects can be defined conveniently as collections of spheres-having various sizes and positions in 3-D space and possibly intersecting. This paper is an elaboration on the technique, describing methods of constructing and manipulating such objects and, most particularly, a method of achieving realism in rendering the picture-even though, for reasons of efficiency, computation is performed as if everything were 2-dimensional, with depth ordering.Pictorial realism results from three features of the overall method:
roundedness
of the basic picture plane images of individual spheres, pictorial
merging
of 3-dimensionally intersecting spheres (which are very likely intended as parts of the same object), and pictorial
separation
of spheres whose images overlap but which lie at significantly different depths in 3-space. Separation is achieved by a black line and resembles the lines traditionally found in cartoon cel animation; merging is accomplished by arranging, in effect, for every sphere image to be transparent to the brighter parts of images of other spheres of the same color.The system lends itself well to construction and manipulation of objects defined by geometry and mathematical transformations; it also serves well in construction and depiction of organic forms which arise and/or are modified by random growth and rules of contingency. Several examples of pictorial results are presented.
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Anderson E, Knowlton K, Spence WT, McCann SM, Laqueur GL, Rioch DM, Haymaker W. The influence of the central nervous system on metabolism and endocrine activity as based on transection of the brain stem in dogs. Nitrogen and electrolyte balance, adrenalin steroid excretion, carbohydrate metabolism, and creatine and creatinine excretion. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 1955; 12:53-94. [PMID: 13301584 DOI: 10.1007/bf01227110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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