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Lin J, Temperley HC, Larkins K, Waters C, Chong KL, Maida J, Proud D, Burgess A, Heriot A, Smart P, Mohan H. Evaluating the Educational Value of Cancer Registries - a Systematic Review and Thematic Analysis. J Cancer Educ 2024; 39:194-203. [PMID: 38146032 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-023-02394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer registries encompass a broad array of functions that underpin cancer control efforts. Despite education being fundamental to improving patient outcomes, little is known regarding the educational value of cancer registries. This review will evaluate the educational value of cancer registries for key stakeholders as reported within published literature and identify opportunities for enhancing their educational value. Four databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched using a predefined search strategy in keeping with the PRISMA statement. Data was extracted and synthesised in narrative format. Themes and frequency of discussion of educational content were explored using thematic content analysis. From 952 titles, ten eligible studies were identified, highlighting six stakeholder groups. Educational outcomes were identified relating to clinicians (6/10), researchers (5/10), patients (4/10), public health organisations (3/10), medical students (1/10) and the public (1/10). Cancer registries were found to educationally benefit key stakeholders despite educational value not being a key focus of any study. Deliberate efforts to harness the educational value of cancer registries should be considered to enable data-driven quality improvement, with the vast amount of data promising ample educational benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hugo C Temperley
- Department of Cancer Surgery, St. John of God Midland Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Kirsten Larkins
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caitlin Waters
- Department of Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Kit Loong Chong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack Maida
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Proud
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adele Burgess
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Heriot
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Smart
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Mohan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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AlDahoul N, Momo MA, Chong KL, Ahmed AN, Huang YF, Sherif M, El-Shafie A. Streamflow classification by employing various machine learning models for peninsular Malaysia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14574. [PMID: 37666880 PMCID: PMC10477249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to excessive streamflow (SF), Peninsular Malaysia has historically experienced floods and droughts. Forecasting streamflow to mitigate municipal and environmental damage is therefore crucial. Streamflow prediction has been extensively demonstrated in the literature to estimate the continuous values of streamflow level. Prediction of continuous values of streamflow is not necessary in several applications and at the same time it is very challenging task because of uncertainty. A streamflow category prediction is more advantageous for addressing the uncertainty in numerical point forecasting, considering that its predictions are linked to a propensity to belong to the pre-defined classes. Here, we formulate streamflow prediction as a time series classification with discrete ranges of values, each representing a class to classify streamflow into five or ten, respectively, using machine learning approaches in various rivers in Malaysia. The findings reveal that several models, specifically LSTM, outperform others in predicting the following n-time steps of streamflow because LSTM is able to learn the mapping between streamflow time series of 2 or 3 days ahead more than support vector machine (SVM) and gradient boosting (GB). LSTM produces higher F1 score in various rivers (by 5% in Johor, 2% in Kelantan and Melaka and Selangor, 4% in Perlis) in 2 days ahead scenario. Furthermore, the ensemble stacking of the SVM and GB achieves high performance in terms of F1 score and quadratic weighted kappa. Ensemble stacking gives 3% higher F1 score in Perak river compared to SVM and gradient boosting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouar AlDahoul
- Computer Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mhd Adel Momo
- Fleet Management Systems & Technologies, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K L Chong
- Faculty of Engineering & Quantity Surveying, INTI International University (INTI-IU), Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ali Najah Ahmed
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yuk Feng Huang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sg. Long, Bandar Sg. Long, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohsen Sherif
- National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Civil and Environmental Eng. Dept, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed El-Shafie
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya (UM), 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yeo AJ, Subramanian GN, Chong KL, Gatei M, Parton RG, Coman D, Lavin MF. An anaplerotic approach to correct the mitochondrial dysfunction in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). Mol Metab 2021; 54:101354. [PMID: 34637921 PMCID: PMC8599162 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ATM, the protein defective in the human genetic disorder, ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) plays a central role in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and in protecting the cell against oxidative stress. We showed that A-T cells are hypersensitive to metabolic stress which can be accounted for by a failure to exhibit efficient endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial signalling and Ca2+ transfer in response to nutrient deprivation resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. The objective of the current study is to use an anaplerotic approach using the fatty acid, heptanoate (C7), a metabolic product of the triglyceride, triheptanoin to correct the defect in ER-mitochondrial signalling and enhance cell survival of A-T cells in response to metabolic stress. Methods We treated control cells and A-T cells with the anaplerotic agent, heptanoate to determine their sensitivity to metabolic stress induced by inhibition of glycolysis with 2- deoxyglucose (2DG) using live-cell imaging to monitor cell survival for 72 h using the Incucyte system. We examined ER-mitochondrial signalling in A-T cells exposed to metabolic stress using a suite of techniques including immunofluorescence staining of Grp75, ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ channel, the VAPB-PTPIP51 ER-mitochondrial tether complexes as well as proximity ligation assays between Grp75-IP3R1 and VAPB1-PTPIP51 to establish a functional interaction between ER and mitochondria. Finally, we also performed metabolomic analysis using LC-MS/MS assay to determine altered levels of TCA intermediates A-T cells compared to healthy control cells. Results We demonstrate that heptanoate corrects all aspects of the defective ER-mitochondrial signalling observed in A-T cells. Heptanoate enhances ER-mitochondrial contacts; increases the flow of calcium from the ER to the mitochondrion; restores normal mitochondrial function and mitophagy and increases the resistance of ATM-deficient cells and cells from A-T patients to metabolic stress-induced killing. The defect in mitochondrial function in ATM-deficient cells was accompanied by more reliance on aerobic glycolysis as shown by increased lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), accumulation of lactate, and reduced levels of both acetyl CoA and ATP which are all restored by heptanoate. Conclusions We conclude that heptanoate corrects metabolic stress in A-T cells by restoring ER-mitochondria signalling and mitochondrial function and suggest that the parent compound, triheptanoin, has immense potential as a novel therapeutic agent for patients with A-T. The fatty acid heptanoate rescues cell killing after nutrient deprivation in A-T cells. Heptanoate enhances endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial contacts. Normal mitochondrial function and mitophagy are restored in A-T cells by heptanoate. Heptanoate shifts A-T cells to more reliance on oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Yeo
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - G N Subramanian
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K L Chong
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Gatei
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D Coman
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M F Lavin
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
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Abstract
Surgical management of scoliosis in Neurofibromatosis type I may be challenging at times especially when dealing with dystrophic curves. We highlight the importance of meticulous study of the radiological imaging and careful pre-operative planning in a patient with dystrophic scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - K S Lam
- AOSpine Centre, London Bridge Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Z Zuki
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
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Abd El-Aziz MM, El-Ashry MF, Chan WM, Chong KL, Barragan I, Antiñolo G, Pang CP, Bhattacharya SS. A novel genetic study of Chinese families with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Ann Hum Genet 2006; 71:281-94. [PMID: 17156103 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) is the commonest form of RP worldwide. To date 22 loci have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease; however none of these loci independently account for a significant proportion of recessive RP. Linkage studies of arRP in consanguineous families have been mainly based on homozygosity mapping, but this strategy cannot be applied in the case of non-consanguineous families. Therefore, we implemented a systematic approach for identifying the disease locus in three non-consanguineous Chinese families with arRP. Initially, linkage analysis using SNPs/microsatellite markers or mutation screening of known arRP genes excluded all loci/genes except RP25 on chromosome 6. Subsequently a whole genome scan for the three families using the 10K GeneChip Mapping Array was performed, in order to identify the possible disease locus. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on the utilisation of the 10K GeneChip to study linkage in non-consanguineous Chinese arRP. This analysis indicates that the studied families are probably linked to the RP25 locus, a well defined arRP locus in other populations. The identification of another ethnic group linked to RP25 is highly suggestive that this represents a major locus for arRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenteric angiography is commonly employed in the modern-day investigation of gastro-intestinal bleeding if the bleeding sites cannot be identified by endoscopic means. Angiography is optimally sensitive in the presence of active bleeding. However, vasospasm may occasionally account for a negative study shortly after bleeding. CASE OUTLINE A 70-year-old lady with inoperable carcinoma of the pancreas presented with gastro-intestinal bleeding. Although upper endoscopy visualised active bleeding from the tumour, which had invaded into the duodenum, haemostasis could not be achieved endoscopically. Therefore, mesenteric angiography was arranged. RESULTS The initial angiography failed to demonstrate the bleeding site, which only became obvious on a repeat study, when embolisation was performed to achieve haemostasis. DISCUSSION Vasospasm probably accounted for the initial negative study, as the second angiography was able to demonstrate contrast extravasation without the use of any anticoagulant or thrombolytic agent. It is not our routine to give pharmacological agents to provoke bleeding after a negative angiography, but for selected patients this manoeuvre may turn out to be more cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- FYJ Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - PBS Lai
- Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - KL Chong
- Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - WY Lau
- Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong
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Fraher LJ, Avram R, Watson PH, Hendy GN, Henderson JE, Chong KL, Goltzman D, Morley P, Willick GE, Whitfield JF, Hodsman AB. Comparison of the biochemical responses to human parathyroid hormone-(1-31)NH2 and hPTH-(1-34) in healthy humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:2739-43. [PMID: 10443671 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.84.8.5891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The 1-31 fragment of human PTH [hPTH-(1-31)NH2] has been shown, like hPTH-(1-34), to have anabolic effects on the skeletons of ovariectomized rats when given intermittently, but, unlike hPTH-(1-34), it does so without affecting serum calcium concentrations and does not activate the protein kinase C second messenger pathway in some target cells. To investigate the biochemical responses to hPTH-(1-31) in humans, we have directly compared it to hPTH-(1-34) during the course of slow infusions of each. Ten healthy adults, five men and five women, aged 26+/-5 yr (range, 22-37), each received 8-h continuous infusions of 8 pmol/kg.h hPTH-(1-34) and hPTH-(1-31) given in random order at least 2 weeks apart. During the infusions there were significant increases in both plasma and urinary cAMP (P < 0.05), but there were no differences in the responses between the two peptides (P = 0.362 for plasma; P = 0.987 for urine). There were also significant phosphaturic and natriuretic responses to the two peptides, which again were not different between peptides. During the infusion of hPTH-(1-34) serum ionized calcium (Ca2+) increased from 1.21+/-0.033 to 1.29+/-0.046 mmol/L (P < 0.01), and endogenous hPTH-(1-84) decreased from 29.6+/-9 to 15.0+/-5.7 pg/mL (P < 0.01), such that there was a negative correlation between them (r2 = 0.45). However, when hPTH-(1-31) was infused, neither serum Ca2+ (1.24+/-0.03 vs. 1.25+/-0.03) nor hPTH-(1-84) (26.8+/-5 vs. 30.7+/-12 pg/mL) was affected. Circulating concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased from 92+/-42 to 131+/-63 pmol/L (P < 0.05) during infusion of hPTH-(1-34) and from 92+/-27 to 110+/-42 pmol/L (P = NS) during hPTH-(1-31) infusion. There was also a significant increase in the urinary measure of type I collagen degradation of aminoterminal telopeptides from 78+/-45 to 101+/-51 nmol/mmol creatinine (P < 0.05) when hPTH-(1-34) was infused, but it was not affected (68+/-30 vs. 66+/-24 nmol/mmol creatinine) by hPTH-(1-31). Therefore, hPTH-(1-31) appears to be equivalent and equipotent to hPTH-(1-34) in the release of cAMP from target tissues and the renal handling of phosphate and sodium. However, at the doses employed, it does not increase serum calcium, is a weaker stimulator of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase, and does not induce rapid bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Fraher
- Department of Medicine, The Lawson Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Center, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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Lim KH, Chong KL. Multiple organ failure and septic shock in disseminated tuberculosis. Singapore Med J 1999; 40:176-8. [PMID: 10402899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis should be entertained in all patients with unexplained fever associated with hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly with or without anomalies in liver function tests and haemogram. It should be considered as a possible cause of septic shock especially in patients with typical risk factors such as advanced age, diabetes, alcoholism or immunosuppression. Prompt therapy could be life saving in an otherwise potentially fatal condition. It is therefore appropriate to initiate anti-tuberculosis treatment as soon as such a diagnosis is suspected and not await final confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lim
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
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Squire J, Meurs EF, Chong KL, McMillan NA, Hovanessian AG, Williams BR. Localization of the human interferon-induced, ds-RNA activated p68 kinase gene (PRKR) to chromosome 2p21-p22. Genomics 1993; 16:768-70. [PMID: 7686884 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1993.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The interferon-induced dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PRKR) belongs to a subclass of serine/threonine kinases, involved in the regulation of protein synthesis by phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of initiation factor eIF2. Somatic cell hybrids segregating human chromosomes were used to assign this kinase to human chromosome 2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed this assignment and further localized the gene (PRKR) to the boundary region of bands p21 and 22.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Squire
- Department of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chong KL, Feng L, Schappert K, Meurs E, Donahue TF, Friesen JD, Hovanessian AG, Williams BR. Human p68 kinase exhibits growth suppression in yeast and homology to the translational regulator GCN2. EMBO J 1992; 11:1553-62. [PMID: 1348691 PMCID: PMC556604 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human p68 kinase is an interferon-regulated enzyme that inhibits protein synthesis when activated by double-stranded RNA. We show here that when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the p68 kinase produced a growth suppressing phenotype resulting from an inhibition of polypeptide chain initiation consistent with functional protein kinase activity. This slow growth phenotype was reverted in yeast by two different mechanisms: expression of the p68 kinase N-terminus, shown to bind double-stranded RNA in vitro and expression of a mutant form of the alpha-subunit of yeast initiation factor 2, altered at a single phosphorylatable site. These results provide the first direct in vivo evidence that the p68 kinase interacts with the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2. Sequence similarity with a yeast translational regulator, GCN2, further suggests that this enzyme may be a functional homolog in higher eukaryotes, where its normal function is to regulate protein synthesis through initiation factor 2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chong
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
We have examined characteristics of the binding of eukaryotic cells to chlamydial elementary body (EB)-specific proteins. A wide variety of eukaryotic cell lines bound to representatives of both Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and trachoma biovars and a C. psittaci strain meningopneumonitis (Mn) suggesting the presence of a common host cell receptor. Neither tunicamycin nor neuraminidase treatment of HeLa cells impaired binding to C. trachomatis EB, implying that host cell N-linked carbohydrate domains and sialic acid moieties, respectively, are not involved in attachment. However, trypsinized HeLa cells do not bind to EB, suggestive of a proteinaceous host cell receptor. The trypsin sensitivity of two EB-specific binding proteins Mr = 18,000 and 31,000) was also examined, and the finding that 125I-labeled HeLa cells bind both the 18,000 and 31,000-dalton proteins after chlamydial trypsinization corroborates our earlier observation that these EB binding proteins mediate attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Abstract
An ultrastructural investigation of the marginal zone (lamina I) of the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis was carried out in 7 adult cats at 30 h through 7 days after ablations of face area of the contralateral sensorimotor cortex. Corticofugal boutons were observed to undergo electron-dense degeneration in the marginal zone beginning 4 days after the cortical lesion. These boutons were small (1--2 micrometers), widely dispersed and made synaptic contacts onto small dendrites or dendritic spines. These new observations indicate that cortical inhibition and facilitation of ascending orofacial sensation may be mediated in part by a direct pathway to the marginal zone.
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Ong LS, Hamiadji T, Chong KL. The external ear--the electrical aspects in relation to acupuncture--a preliminary report. Med J Malaysia 1980; 35:53-7. [PMID: 7253999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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