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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, Vinall L, Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Ito A, Ropandi A, Kono K, Hiejima Y, Nitta KH. Additive Effects of Solid Paraffins on Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051320. [PMID: 36904562 PMCID: PMC10007512 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, two types of solid paraffins (i.e., linear and branched) were added to high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to investigate their effects on the dynamic viscoelasticity and tensile properties of HDPE. The linear and branched paraffins exhibited high and low crystallizability, respectively. The spherulitic structure and crystalline lattice of HDPE are almost independent of the addition of these solid paraffins. The linear paraffin in the HDPE blends exhibited a melting point at 70 °C in addition to the melting point of HDPE, whereas the branched paraffins showed no melting point in the HDPE blend. Furthermore, the dynamic mechanical spectra of the HDPE/paraffin blends exhibited a novel relaxation between -50 °C and 0 °C, which was absent in HDPE. Adding linear paraffin toughened the stress-strain behavior of HDPE by forming crystallized domains in the HDPE matrix. In contrast, branched paraffins with lower crystallizability compared to linear paraffin softened the stress-strain behavior of HDPE by incorporating them into its amorphous layer. The mechanical properties of polyethylene-based polymeric materials were found to be controlled by selectively adding solid paraffins with different structural architectures and crystallinities.
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Turri M, Pavanello C, Ossoli A, Strazzella A, Simonelli S, Laurenzi T, Kono K, Yamada K, Kiyosawa N, Eberini I, Calabresi L. Activation of naturally occurring lecithin:Cholesterol acyltransferase mutants by a novel activator compound. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Petersen SH, Kua LF, Nakajima S, Yong WP, Kono K. Chemoradiation induces upregulation of immunogenic cell death-related molecules together with increased expression of PD-L1 and galectin-9 in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12264. [PMID: 34112882 PMCID: PMC8192931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery alone or combined with chemo- and/or radiation therapy remains the primary treatment for gastric cancer (GC) to date and immunotherapeutic tools such as monoclonal antibodies are only slowly being implemented. This is partly due to the fact that the immune microenvironment in GC during chemoradiation and other treatment modalities is still poorly understood. 7 gastric cancer (GC) cell lines were tested for their response to chemoradiation using 5-FU in combination with X-ray irradiation. We conducted flow cytometric analysis to determine the cells’ ability to undergo immunogenic cell death (ICD) and their expression of the two immunosuppressive proteins programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and galectin-9 (Gal-9). We evaluated the overall immunogenicity of two cell lines (MKN7, MKN74) in co-culture experiments with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs). Chemoradiation induces distinct responses in different GC cell lines. We observe ICD in vitro in all tested GC cell lines in the form of calreticulin (CRT) translocation to the plasma membrane. As a resistance mechanism, these cells also upregulated Gal-9 and PD-L1. Mo-DC maturation experiments showed that GCs provoked the maturation of Mo-DCs after chemoradiation in vitro. The addition of α-PD-L1 blocking antibody further enhanced the immunogenicity of these cells while improving DC viability. Blocking Tim-3, as the main receptor for Gal-9, had no such effect. Our findings suggest that the benefits of chemoradiation can substantially depend on tumor subtype and these benefits can be offset by induced immune evasion in GC. Combination treatment using checkpoint inhibitors could potentially lead to enhanced immune responses and yield better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Petersen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - L F Kua
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - S Nakajima
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Progressive DOHaD Research, Faculty of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima city, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - W P Yong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - K Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
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Kuzmin A, Kobayashi M, Hanada K, Idei H, Onchi T, Mori S, Yoneda N, Shikama T, Hasuo M, Ido T, Nagashima Y, Ikezoe R, Hasegawa M, Kuroda K, Kono K, Matsuo S, Nagata T, Shimabukuro S, Higashijima A, Niiya I, Zushi H. Investigation of radial distribution of atomic hydrogen flux to the plasma facing components in steady state discharges in QUEST tokamak. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kase K, Saito M, Yamada L, Nakajima S, Ashizawa M, Kanke Y, Hanayama H, Onozawa H, Okayama H, Endo H, Fujita S, Sakamoto W, Saze Z, Momma T, Mimura K, Ohki S, Kono K. 152P ARID1A deficiency in EBV-positive gastric cancer is partially regulated by EBV-encoded miRNAs, but not by DNA promotor hypermethylation. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Yamada L, Saito M, Kase K, Nakajima S, Endo E, Ujiie D, Min A, Ashizawa M, Matsumoto T, Kanke Y, Nakano H, Ito M, Onozawa H, Okayama H, Fujita S, Sakamoto W, Saze Z, Momma T, Mimura K, Kono K. 75P The evaluation of selective sensitivity of EZH2 inhibitors based on synthetic lethality in ARID1A-deficient gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Asae Ito
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma Campus, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kaori Hioki
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma Campus, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Koichi Kono
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma Campus, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hiejima
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma Campus, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Koh-hei Nitta
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma Campus, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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Shibata M, Nakajima T, Mimura K, Shimura T, Kono K, Takenoshita S. MDSC (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) is an important immunosuppressing factor and functionally related with VEGF and IL-17 in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz447.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kono K, Matsuda K, Machii R, Saika K, Takahashi H, Nakayama T. The status of compliance with guidelines of cancer screening in Japan. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) establishes screening recommendations specifying screening methods, age, and interval for gastric, colon, lung, breast, and cervical cancers. Screening programs are provided via local healthcare departments (LHD), who are responsible for managing programs and reporting the screening status through a survey annually.
Methods
We analyzed screening status provided by LHDs in fiscal 2017 in regards to appropriate screening age and interval. Briefly, current recommended screening age by MHLW is followed: colon, lung, breast cancer screening are age 40 years and older, and cervical cancer for aged 20 and older, and gastric cancer for aged 50 and older. Screening intervals are gastric, breast, and cervical cancer screening are two years, and colon and lung cancer screening are one year.
Results
The survey was completed by 1736 LHD (response rate: 99.9%). Regarding age-appropriate compliance, in cervical cancer, 96.4% of LHDs reported following recommended target age, while compliance was lower for lung, colon, breast, and gastric cancers at 79.4%, 75.7%, 60.2% and 4.2%, respectively. High compliance with recommendations for screening interval was identified for colon (99.7%) and lung (98.7%) cancers; this was substantially less for breast, cervical, and gastric cancer screening at 39.8%, 34.1%, and 4.6%, respectively.
Conclusions
In 2016, MLHW changed the starting screening age for gastric cancer from 40 to 50 years old, likely resulting in the lowest compliance in our analysis. Though it may take time for screening facilities to come into compliance with newer recommendations. Many LHDs provide screening without adhering to recommended starting ages, with a general tendency to provide screening at younger than recommended ages. This is a barrier to maximizing effectiveness and minimize harms of screening and warrants closer monitoring to promote efficiency in cancer screening programs.
Key messages
There is relatively low compliance with cancer screening guidelines in Japan. Establishing an environment of appropriate monitoring and support to achieve the goal of cancer screening is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kono
- Screening Assessment and Management, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Science Specialty, Keio University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Matsuda
- Medical Support and Partnership, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Machii
- Medical Support and Partnership, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Saika
- Medical Support and Partnership, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Screening Assessment and Management, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Support and Partnership, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Nakayama
- Screening Assessment and Management, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Okamoto K, Fujii H, Goto S, Watanabe K, Kono K, Nishi S. SUN-272 Changes in whole PTH/intact PTH ratio in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Moroshkin P, Leiderer P, Kono K, Inui S, Tsubota M. Dynamics of the Vortex-Particle Complexes Bound to the Free Surface of Superfluid Helium. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:174502. [PMID: 31107083 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.174502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental and theoretical study of the 2D dynamics of electrically charged nanoparticles trapped under a free surface of superfluid helium in a static vertical electric field. We focus on the dynamics of particles driven by the interaction with quantized vortices terminating at the free surface. We identify two types of particle trajectories and the associated vortex structures: vertical linear vortices pinned at the bottom of the container and half-ring vortices traveling along the free surface of the liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moroshkin
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198 Saitama, Japan
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, 904-0495 Okinawa, Japan
| | - P Leiderer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - K Kono
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198 Saitama, Japan
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - S Inui
- Department of Physics, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, 558-8585 Osaka, Japan
| | - M Tsubota
- Department of Physics, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, 558-8585 Osaka, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, The Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, 558-8585 Osaka, Japan
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Kono K, Okada Y, Onimaru H, Yokota S, Arima Y, Fukushi I, Koizumi K, Hasebe Y, Yoshizawa M, Kise H, Hoshiai M, Sugita K, Toda T. P1859Functional and anatomical connectivity from the dorsomedial hypothalamus to the ventral medullary cardiovascular regions: possible neural substrate mediating stress-induced sympathoexcitation. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Kono
- University of Yamanashi, Pediatrics, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Y Okada
- National Hospital Organization Murayama Medical Center, Clinical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Onimaru
- Showa University, Department of Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Yokota
- Shimane University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Morphological Neuroscience, Shimane, Japan
| | - Y Arima
- Shimane University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Morphological Neuroscience, Shimane, Japan
| | - I Fukushi
- National Hospital Organization Murayama Medical Center, Clinical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Koizumi
- University of Yamanashi, Pediatrics, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Y Hasebe
- University of Yamanashi, Pediatrics, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - M Yoshizawa
- University of Yamanashi, Pediatrics, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - H Kise
- University of Yamanashi, Pediatrics, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - M Hoshiai
- University of Yamanashi, Pediatrics, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - K Sugita
- University of Yamanashi, Pediatrics, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - T Toda
- University of Yamanashi, Pediatrics, Yamanashi, Japan
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Hayano S, Fukui Y, Kawanabe N, Kono K, Nakamura M, Ishihara Y, Kamioka H. Role of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve in Rodent Lower Incisor Stem Cells. J Dent Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034518758244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In developing teeth, the sequential and reciprocal interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal tissues promote stem/progenitor cell differentiation. However, the origin of the stem/progenitor cells has been the subject of considerable debate. According to recent studies, mesenchymal stem cells originate from periarterial cells and are regulated by neurons in various organs. The present study examined the role of innervation in tooth development and rodent incisor stem/progenitor cell homeostasis. Rodent incisors continuously grow throughout their lives, and the lower incisors are innervated by the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). In this study, we resected the IAN in adult rats, and the intact contralateral side served as a nonsurgical control. Sham control rats received the same treatment as the resected rats, except for the resection process. The extent of incisor eruption was measured, and both mesenchymal and epithelial stem/progenitor cells were visualized and compared between the IAN-resected and sham-operated groups. One week after surgery, the IAN-resected incisors exhibited a chalky consistency, and the eruption rate was decreased. Micro–computed tomography and histological analyses performed 4 wk after surgery revealed osteodentin formation, disorganized ameloblast layers, and reduced enamel thickness in the IAN-resected incisors. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a reduction in the CD90- and LRIG1-positive mesenchymal cell ratio in the IAN-resected incisors. However, the p40-positive epithelial stem/progenitor cell ratio was comparable between the 2 groups. Thus, mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell homeostasis is more related to IAN innervation than to epithelial stem/progenitor cells. Furthermore, sensory nerve innervation influences subsequent incisor growth and formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hayano
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y. Fukui
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - N. Kawanabe
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - K. Kono
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - M. Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y. Ishihara
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - H. Kamioka
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Abstract
Aims In Asia and the Middle-East, people often flex their knees deeply
in order to perform activities of daily living. The purpose of this
study was to investigate the 3D kinematics of normal knees during
high-flexion activities. Our hypothesis was that the femorotibial
rotation, varus-valgus angle, translations, and kinematic pathway
of normal knees during high-flexion activities, varied according
to activity. Materials and Methods We investigated the in vivo kinematics of eight
normal knees in four male volunteers (mean age 41.8 years; 37 to
53) using 2D and 3D registration technique, and modelled the knees
with a computer aided design program. Each subject squatted, kneeled,
and sat cross-legged. We evaluated the femoral rotation and varus-valgus
angle relative to the tibia and anteroposterior translation of the
medial and lateral side, using the transepicodylar axis as our femoral
reference relative to the perpendicular projection on to the tibial
plateau. This method evaluates the femur medially from what has
elsewhere been described as the extension facet centre, and differs
from the method classically applied. Results During squatting and kneeling, the knees displayed femoral external
rotation. When sitting cross-legged, femurs displayed internal rotation
from 10° to 100°. From 100°, femoral external rotation was observed.
No significant difference in varus-valgus angle was seen between
squatting and kneeling, whereas a varus position was observed from
140° when sitting cross-legged. The measure kinematic pathway using
our methodology found during squatting a medial pivoting pattern
from 0° to 40° and bicondylar rollback from 40° to 150°. During
kneeling, a medial pivot pattern was evident. When sitting cross-legged,
a lateral pivot pattern was seen from 0° to 100°, and a medial pivot
pattern beyond 100°. Conclusion The kinematics of normal knees during high flexion are variable
according to activity. Nevertheless, our study was limited to a
small number of male patients using a different technique to report
the kinematics than previous publications. Accordingly, caution
should be observed in generalizing our findings. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:50–5.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kono
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Department of Orthopaedic Biomaterial Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Tomita
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Futai
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Yamazaki
- Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Yoshikawa
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Sugamoto
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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17
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Abstract
We study the shift of the energy levels of electrons on a helium surface due to the coupling to the quantum field of surface vibrations. As in quantum electrodynamics, the coupling is known, and it is known to lead to an ultraviolet divergence of the level shifts. We show that there are diverging terms of different nature and use the Bethe-type approach to show that they cancel each other, to leading order. This resolves the long-standing theoretical controversy and explains the existing experiments. The results allow us to study the temperature dependence of the level shift. The predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data, with no adjustable parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Dykman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Kono
- RIKEN CEMS, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Konstantinov
- Quantum Dynamics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Tancha 1919-1, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - M J Lea
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
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18
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Sato H, Niimi A, Yasuhara T, Isono M, Permata T, Sekine R, Oike T, Nuryadi E, Kakoti S, Yoshimoto Y, Held K, Suzuki Y, Kono K, Miyagawa K, Nakano T, Shibata A. Molecular Mechanism of PD-L1 Upregulation in Cancer Cells after X-Ray Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Moroshkin P, Leiderer P, Möller TB, Kono K. Taylor cone and electrospraying at a free surface of superfluid helium charged from below. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:053110. [PMID: 28618604 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.053110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrically charged metallic micro- and nanoparticles are trapped under a free surface of superfluid He in a vertical static electric field. We observe a static deformation of the charged liquid surface in the form of a Taylor cone and the emission of a charged liquid helium jet (electrospray). Our numeric calculations reproduce the static shape of the cone.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moroshkin
- RIKEN, Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198 Saitama, Japan
| | - P Leiderer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Th B Möller
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - K Kono
- RIKEN, Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198 Saitama, Japan
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya St. 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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20
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Takawa M, Akasu T, Kumamoto K, Hayase S, Kase K, Kono K, Moriya Y. Outcomes of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer with lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis. Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Dote T, Kono K, Usuda K, Shimizu H, Kawasaki T, Dote E. Lethal inhalation exposure during maintenance operation of a hydrogen fluoride liquefying tank. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 19:51-4. [PMID: 15697174 DOI: 10.1191/0748233703th174oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Calcium sulfate adheres to the inside of liquefying pipes during the production of liquefied hydrogen fluoride. It is regularly washed away with water jets every six months. Two days before the operation, the pipes were experimentally washed down with water and the safety of the operation was confirmed with acidic washing fluid (pH 5). A 65-year-old man was severely sprayed on his face just after the start of the operation. He died half an hour later from acute respiratory failure. High serum concentrations of ionized fluoride indicated massive exposure to hydrofluoric acid (HFA). Pathological findings revealed severe bilateral pulmonary congestion and edema. It was hypothesized that calcium sulfate hardened with the water during the experimental washing and caused some blockages in the pipes. Consequently, choking of the pipes caused the HFA to collect and the washing fluid ran back. Weak HFA is not pungent to skin and mucous membranes. Therefore, it was suggested that a low concentration of HFA was inhaled directly into the peripheral respiratory tracts. No risk management against HFA exposure was in place during the operation. It is especially important to take thorough safety measures against inhalation of HFA. It is also essential that there are no stoppages of the pipes before the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaro Dote
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan.
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22
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Usuda K, Ueno T, Ito Y, Dote T, Yokoyama H, Kono K, Tamaki J. Risk Assessment Study of Fluoride Salts: Probability-Impact Matrix of Renal and Hepatic Toxicity Markers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:154-60. [PMID: 26892107 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present risk assessment study of fluoride salts was conducted by oral administration of three different doses of sodium and potassium fluorides (NaF, KF) and zinc fluoride tetrahydrate (ZnF2 •4H2O) to male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into control and nine experimental groups, to which oral injections of 0.5 mL distilled water and 0.5 mL of fluoride solutions, respectively, were given. The dosage of fluoride compounds was adjusted to contain 2.1 mg (low-dose group, LG), 4.3 mg (mid-dose group, MG), and 5.4 mg fluoride per 200 g rat body weight (high-dose group, HG) corresponding to 5, 10, and 12.5 % of LD50 values for NaF. The 24-h urine volume, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were measured as markers of possible acute renal impact. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined in serum samples as markers of acute hepatic impact. The levels of serum and urinary fluoride were determined to evaluate fluoride bioavailability. The results reveal that higher doses of NaF, KF, and ZnF2 induced renal damage as indicated by higher urinary NAG (p < 0.05 with ≥90th percentile of control). High doses of ZnF2 also induced a significant Ccr decrease (p < 0.05 with ≤10th percentile of control). Low doses of NaF and mid-doses of ZnF2 induced polyuria (p < 0.05 with ≥90th percentile of control) while medium doses of NaF and low doses of KF also induced liver damage, as indicated by a high level of AST (p < 0.05 with ≥90th percentile of control). These findings suggest that oral administration of fluoride is a potential, dose-dependent risk factor of renal tubular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Usuda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Ueno
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Division of Medicine for Function and Morphology of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ito
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Division of Medicine for Function and Morphology of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Tomotaro Dote
- Faculty of Nursing, Osaka Medical College, 7-6, Hatchonishimachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-0095, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yokoyama
- Faculty of Nursing, Osaka Medical College, 7-6, Hatchonishimachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-0095, Japan
| | - Koichi Kono
- Kansai Technical Center for Occupational Medicine, 2-1-12, Tokiwacho, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 540-0028, Japan
| | - Junko Tamaki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
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23
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Koizumi C, Usuda K, Hayashi S, Dote T, Kono K. Urinary nickel: measurement of exposure by inductively coupled plasma argon emission spectrometry. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 20:103-8. [PMID: 15941006 DOI: 10.1191/0748233704th201oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nickel is a rare earth metal and is widely used in modern industry. Its overexposure in human beings can provoke significant effects including lung, cardiovascular and kidney diseases. As an index of occupational exposure, urine is widely used for the monitoring of nickel concentration because it is a minimally invasive method. Recent studies have used atomic absorption spectrometry to measure nickel concentration. In this study, we introduced novel inductively coupled plasma argon emission spectrometry (ICPAES) which enables us to measure multiple elements simultaneously with smaller volume and with lower detection limits compared to conventional atomic absorption emission spectrometry, and we established the new measuring method by determining the appropriate wavelengths for nickel concentration. Furthermore, using the established new measuring method, we investigated the correlation between a single oral administration of nickel and urine elimination in rats. As a result, different concentrations of nickel standard solutions were measured by ICPAES, and among five specific wavelengths of nickel, 221.647 and 231.604 nm were chosen because they had the highest inclines of both signal to background ratio and emission intensity in simple linear regression analysis. Next, by using healthy human urine samples that had not been exposed to nickel, 231.604 nm was determined to be the most appropriate wavelength because it did not present abnormal intensity due to obstacle wavelength. Male Wistar rats received an oral administration of nickel ranging from 0.025 to 250 mg/kg, which is equivalent to 0.0015-15% of LD50, and during the following 24 h, urine samples were collected and the nickel concentration was measured by ICPAES. With a single oral administration of nickel, there was an increase in urine nickel concentration in a dose-dependent manner and the appropriate equation was developed. Acute renal failure was not observed in this dosage of oral nickel administration by analysing NAG, b2-microglobulin, urine albumin and urine protein. It was concluded that the obtained nickel reference values using ICPAES would be useful for the early diagnosis of nickel intoxication and in the assessment of the exposure to nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Koizumi
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-city, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Dote T, Kono K, Usuda K, Shimizu H, Tanimoto Y, Dote E, Hayashi S. Systemic effects and skin injury after experimental dermal exposure to monochloroacetic acid. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 19:165-9. [PMID: 15747777 DOI: 10.1191/0748233703th191oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There have been many fatal occupational accidents of skin exposure to monochloroacetic acid (MCA). However, there have been no reports of dermatological findings and the lethal consequences have not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, harmful local and systemic effects were investigated after dermal exposure to MCA. A 0.5 mL aliquot of MCA solution (40% w/w) was applied to the abdominal skin of ten 10-week-old male SD rats under anesthesia. The exposure area (25 × 25 mm2) was 1.6% of the total surface area. The dose of MCA per area was 34.1 mg/cm2. Saline was similarly administered to 10 control rats. Histopathological findings after 10 min were observed by light microscopy. Blood samples were collected by exsanguinations from the carotid arteries after 4 h. Skin samples were collected 10 min after the initial exposure. Histological findings showed severe degeneration of collagen bundles in the epidermis and subcutaneous tissues. PCO2, HCO3−, TCO2, BE and glucose levels were decreased in the MCA group. AST, m-AST, ALT, BUN, Cr, NH3, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, RBC, Hb, Hct, total protein and albumin were increased in the MCA group. The burn was determined to be a third-degree burn on the basis of the histopathological findings. The severe toxicity was probably a consequence of the rapid permeability. Biochemical parameters were a consequence of hepatocellular injuries, renal dysfunction, dysglyconeogenesis and dysfunction of ammonia metabolism. MCA reportedly enters the TCA cycle and inhibits aconitase. MCA metabolites also inhibit pyruvate carboxylase in the gluconeogenesis pathway. Therefore, the important serum biochemical abnormalities such as hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis should be monitored to find the acute systemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaro Dote
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan.
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25
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Kato J, Dote T, Shimizu H, Shimbo Y, Fujihara M, Kono K. Lethal acute lung injury and hypoglycemia after subcutaneous administration of monochloroacetic acid. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 22:203-9. [PMID: 16898262 DOI: 10.1191/0748233706th261oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is suspected in the acute lethal toxicity induced by cutaneous exposure to monochloroacetic acid (MCA). Although it has been shown that hepato-renal dysfunction is involved, the mechanism and the target organs that directly affect mortality remain to be determined. We suspected respiratory failure as a main cause of death in some reported cases. We investigated dose-response effects, hypoglycemia, and lung injury in rats exposed to MCA. Serum glucose, blood gases, and parameters of alveolar injury in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analysed 2 and 4 h after subcutaneous administration of MCA (108, 135 or 163 mg/kg). Apparent pulmonary injury and hypoglycemia were not identified 2 h after administration, but lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total cells in BALF were dose-dependently increased; and severe hypoglycemia was identified 4 h after administration. Blood gas analysis showed remarkable alveolar gas dysfunction as exchange in the 163 mg/kg group. Thus, hypoglycemia and lung injury appear to cause death in response to MCA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kato
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
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26
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Mitsui G, Dote T, Adachi K, Dote E, Fujimoto K, Shimbo Y, Fujihara M, Shimizu H, Usuda K, Kono K. Harmful effects and acute lethal toxicity of intravenous administration of low concentrations of hydrofluoric acid in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 23:5-12. [PMID: 17722734 DOI: 10.1177/0748233707076420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The acute toxicity of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) was investigated in a 24-h lethal dose study of intravenous infusion in rats. The lethal dose lowest (LDLo) and LD50 were 13.1 and 17.4mg/kg, respectively. Harmful systemic effects were also studied 1 h after acute sublethal exposure to HFA. The maximum dose was set at 9.6mg/kg (LD 5). Rats were injected with HFA (1.6, 3.2, 6.4 or 9.6mg/kg), saline, sodium fluoride (NaF) or HCl solution. NaF and HCl solution concentrations corresponded to the F— and H+ concentrations of 9.6mg/kg HFA. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Cr were significantly increased in response to HFA concentrations greater than 3.2mg/kg. Acute glomerular dysfunction also occurred at HFA concentrations greater than 3.2mg/kg. HCO 3 — and base excess (BE) were significantly decreased in the 6.4 and 9.6mg/kg groups. Ca2+ was significantly decreased, and K + was increased in the 9.6mg/kg group. BUN was significantly increased in the NaF and HFA groups and was increased in the HFA group compared with that in the NaF group. Cr was significantly increased in the HFA group only. HCO3 — and BE were significantly decreased in the NaF and HFA groups and were increased in the HFA group compared with values in the NaF group. Ca2+ was significantly decreased in the NaF and HFA groups, and K+ was significantly increased in the NaF and HFA groups. F— exposure directly affected serum electrolytes. Mortality was thought to be due to cardiac arrhythmia resulting from hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia. Metabolic acidosis and renal failure were more severe in response to HFA exposure than in response to NaF exposure because of more free F—, which has strong cytotoxicity, in the HFA group than in the NaF group. Lethal effects of HFA are promoted by exposure routes such as inhalation that cause rapid absorption into the body. Even low exposure to HFA can cause acute renal dysfunction, electrolyte abnormalities and metabolic acidosis. These complications result in a poor prognosis. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2007; 23: 5—12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Mitsui
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
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27
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Shimizu H, Dote T, Usuda K, Toshina Y, Kato J, Sakai A, Furuya E, Kono K. Therapeutic effects of glucose infusion on monochloroacetic acid exposure in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 18:389-95. [PMID: 15119527 DOI: 10.1191/0748233702th163oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effects of glucose infusion on monochloroacetate (MCA) exposure were examined in male rats with a view toward effective clinical treatment for MCA intoxication. Rats were injected with 80 mg/kg sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) (single lethal dose) and then infused with saline (control group) or 5% or 10% glucose solution at 2 mL/hour for ten hours. No animal in the control group survived the total 14-day follow-up period. The survival rate in 5% glucose group was 57% at ten hours; it decreased to 14% at 14 days. The survival rate in 10% glucose group was 79% at ten hours, and all rats that survived the first ten hours also survived the 14 days. Kaplan -Meier analysis showed the survival rate in 10% glucose group to be improved upon in both the 5% glucose group and the control group. Blood glucose and lactate levels were measured every hour during infusion. Blood glucose levels decreased in the control group but remained in the glucose-infused groups. Although the blood lactate level increased in each group, there was an excellent inverse linear relation between blood glucose levels and blood lactate levels. Thus, continuous parenteral infusion of glucose solution at an early stage after exposure may be an effective clinical therapy for the prevention of hypoglycaemia and metabolic lactic acidosis caused by MCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Shimizu
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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28
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Kono K, Yamada W, Ota M, Yano T. Effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction on prevention of deterioration of bone quality. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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29
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Tsuji H, Usuda K, Takahashi Y, Kono K, Tamaki J. Challenges and solutions in immigrant occupational health in the United States: a literature review and comparative analysis. Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi 2016; 58:63-71. [PMID: 26983493 DOI: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.e15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because of the declining birthrate in Japan, an increasing number of companies are hiring immigrants to fill the labor shortage. Although research on migrant occupational health has progressed in the United States, this topic has received little attention in Japan. The aim of this study was to elucidate the current situation, challenges, and solutions surrounding the occupational health of immigrant workers in the United States. METHODS Data and selected studies were reviewed and analyzed. The results are discussed, and a few anecdotal experiences in the United States are introduced and compared. RESULTS Possible causes of disparities in immigrant occupational health fell into the following seven categories. (Keywords for each category are shown in parentheses.) (1) Occupation (hazardous job, injury, missed workday, blue-collar worker, low birth weight); (2) Education (academic record, health literacy, training); (3) Culture (culture-specific, community-based); (4) Environment (poor hygiene, regional disparities, environmental change); (5) Access (language, statistics, workers' compensation, health insurance, voluntary restraint); (6) Infection (tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, follow-up); and (7) Discrimination (race, assault, harassment). Lack of data on immigrant workers was found to be a common problem. Some businesses and community groups achieved positive results by simultaneously dealing with multiple aforementioned categories. DISCUSSION In the United States, the occupational health of immigrant workers has been studied mainly in terms of health disparities. Possible causes of disparities in immigrant occupational health fell into seven categories. Solutions centered on the keywords in each category were inferred. Some businesses and community groups achieved positive results by simultaneously dealing with multiple aforementioned categories. Occupational health professionals have to take each of seven categories into account to improve immigrant occupational health. Even the United States-a developed country facing many migrant occupational health problems-needs further research and better data. To address this issue in Japan, we too need more data and further research on immigrants, along with efforts by businesses and community groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsuji
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College
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30
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Moroshkin P, Batulin R, Leiderer P, Kono K. Metallic nanowires and mesoscopic networks on a free surface of superfluid helium and charge-shuttling across the liquid–gas interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:26444-26455. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04607j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles trapped at a free surface of superfluid helium coalesce into a centimeter-sized networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Moroshkin
- RIKEN
- Center for Emergent Matter Science
- Wako
- Japan
| | - R. Batulin
- RIKEN
- Center for Emergent Matter Science
- Wako
- Japan
- Institute of Physics
| | - P. Leiderer
- Department of Physics
- University of Konstanz
- 78464 Konstanz
- Germany
| | - K. Kono
- RIKEN
- Center for Emergent Matter Science
- Wako
- Japan
- Institute of Physics
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31
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Takawa M, Akasu T, Kumamoto K, Moriya Y, Ohki S, Kono K, Takenoshita S. 187P Long-term outcome of inguinal lymph node metastasis from rectal adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv523.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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32
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Kondo Y, Amaha S, Ono K, Kono K, Tarucha S. Critical Behavior of Alternately Pumped Nuclear Spins in Quantum Dots. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:186803. [PMID: 26565487 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.186803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spins in a spin-blocked quantum dot can be pumped and eventually polarized in either of two opposite directions that are selected by applying two different source-drain voltages. Applying a square pulse train as the source-drain voltage can continuously switch the pumping direction alternately. We propose and demonstrate a critical behavior in the polarization after alternate pumping, where the final polarization is sensitive to the initial polarization and pulse conditions. This sensitivity leads to stochastic behavior in the final polarization under nominally the same pumping conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kondo
- Center of Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - S Amaha
- Center of Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Ono
- Center of Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Low Temperature Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Kono
- Center of Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Low Temperature Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Tarucha
- Center of Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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33
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Usuda K, Kono R, Ueno T, Ito Y, Dote T, Yokoyama H, Kono K, Tamaki J. Comparison of the Biological Impacts of the Fluoride Compounds by Graphical Risk Visualization Map Technique. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 167:84-90. [PMID: 25749926 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various fluoride compounds are widely used in industry. The present risk assessment study was conducted using a series of inorganic binary fluorides of the type XFn, where X(n) = Na(+), K(+), Li(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Sr(2+), Ba(2+), Al(3+), Nd(3+), La(3+), Ce(3+), Sm(3+), Gd(3+), Y(3+), Yb(2+), and Zn(2+). The aqueous solutions of these salts were orally administrated to 16 experimental groups (one for each of the salts tested). The levels of fluoride, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in cumulative 24-h urine samples and creatinine clearance were measured to assess possible acute renal damages. The levels of fluoride, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were also determined in serum samples to assess possible acute hepatic damages. The results reveal that sodium fluoride (NaF), potassium fluoride (KF), and zinc fluoride tetrahydrate (ZnF2 (.)4H2O) can carry the fluoride ion into the bloodstream and that it is excreted via urine more readily than the other compounds tested. These fluorides were assigned the highest risk impact factor. Most of the rare earth fluorides are insoluble in water while those groups 2 and 13 of the periodic table are slightly soluble, so that they do not have a significant negative risk. These findings suggest that the biological impact of fluoride depends on the accompanying counter ion and its solubility. The risk map obtained in the present study shows that the graphical visualization map technique employed is a valuable new tool to assess the toxicological risk of chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Usuda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan,
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Kono K, Nishida Y, Yabe H, Moriyama Y. Sarcopenia as a risk factor for falls in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: a cohort study. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Janiga G, Berg P, Sugiyama S, Kono K, Steinman DA. The Computational Fluid Dynamics Rupture Challenge 2013—Phase I: prediction of rupture status in intracranial aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:530-6. [PMID: 25500315 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Rupture risk assessment for intracranial aneurysms remains challenging, and risk factors, including wall shear stress, are discussed controversially. The primary purpose of the presented challenge was to determine how consistently aneurysm rupture status and rupture site could be identified on the basis of computational fluid dynamics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two geometrically similar MCA aneurysms were selected, 1 ruptured, 1 unruptured. Participating computational fluid dynamics groups were blinded as to which case was ruptured. Participants were provided with digitally segmented lumen geometries and, for this phase of the challenge, were free to choose their own flow rates, blood rheologies, and so forth. Participants were asked to report which case had ruptured and the likely site of rupture. In parallel, lumen geometries were provided to a group of neurosurgeons for their predictions of rupture status and site. RESULTS Of 26 participating computational fluid dynamics groups, 21 (81%) correctly identified the ruptured case. Although the known rupture site was associated with low and oscillatory wall shear stress, most groups identified other sites, some of which also experienced low and oscillatory shear. Of the 43 participating neurosurgeons, 39 (91%) identified the ruptured case. None correctly identified the rupture site. CONCLUSIONS Geometric or hemodynamic considerations favor identification of rupture status; however, retrospective identification of the rupture site remains a challenge for both engineers and clinicians. A more precise understanding of the hemodynamic factors involved in aneurysm wall pathology is likely required for computational fluid dynamics to add value to current clinical decision-making regarding rupture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Janiga
- From the Department of Fluid Dynamics and Technical Flows (G.J., P.B.), University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - P Berg
- From the Department of Fluid Dynamics and Technical Flows (G.J., P.B.), University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S Sugiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery (S.S.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - K Kono
- Department of Neurosurgery (K.K.), Wakayama Rosai Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - D A Steinman
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (D.A.S.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chong CS, Ng CWQ, Shabbir A, Kono K, So JBY. Computed tomography of the thorax for gastric cancer staging: is it necessary? Scand J Surg 2015; 104:244-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1457496915571400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The utility of computed tomography scans of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis for gastric cancer staging has been recommended in many countries. However, the validity of the use of computed tomography thorax in gastric cancer staging has not been challenged. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on our gastric cancer registry from 1998 till 2012 in the National University Hospital, Singapore. We performed computed tomography thorax only in selected cases. We defined isolated lung metastasis as the presence of suspicious findings on computed tomography thorax in the absence of metastasis elsewhere. Results: A total of 808 gastric cancer cases were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 66 years (standard deviation 13.53), and 67% were male. In all, 238 patients (30%) had metastatic disease at presentation, and 1 (0.42%) had isolated lung metastasis. The most common site of metastasis was intra-abdominal (73.8%). Among the patients who underwent surgery, the overall distant recurrence rate was 30%, of which only 83 (30%) patients had lung metastasis and all had concurrent metastasis in an intra-abdominal site. Conclusion: The rarity of isolated lung metastasis in gastric cancer suggests the limited value of computed tomography thorax as a routine staging tool for gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Chong
- University Surgical Cluster, National University Hospital and National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Celene Wei-Qi Ng
- University Surgical Cluster, National University Hospital and National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - A. Shabbir
- University Surgical Cluster, National University Hospital and National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - K. Kono
- University Surgical Cluster, National University Hospital and National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J. B. Y. So
- University Surgical Cluster, National University Hospital and National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Sun W, Aodeng S, Tanimoto Y, Watanabe M, Han J, Wang B, Yu L, Kono K. Quality of life (QOL) of the community-dwelling elderly and associated factors: a population-based study in urban areas of China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 60:311-6. [PMID: 25547994 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE China has the most elderly people. Maintaining and improving the QOL of the elderly has emerged as a particularly important issue. This population-based study aimed to examine the QOL of the urban elderly and to clarify the associated factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in Liaoning Province. The elderly people without senile dementia composed our study population and were interviewed from March to November, 2012 with questionnaires pertaining to QOL (SF-36), cognitive ability, demographic characteristics, health status, behavioral factors, and social-psychological factors. 4067 effective responses were received (effective response rate: 86.0%). After further cognitive screening, 3714 participants were included as the subjects. RESULTS The mean scores of physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) were 53.7±21.5 (mean±SD) and 58.9±18.9, respectively. With adjustment for age and sex, general linear model analysis showed that, in standardized estimate (β) sequence, PCS was significantly associated with chronic disease, taking a walk, visual ability, sleeping quality, marital status, alcohol consumption, hearing ability, smoking, neighborhood relationships, filial piety, ethnicity, and regular diet, and MCS was associated with chronic disease, sleeping quality, taking a walk, visual ability, marital status, ethnicity, filial piety, regular diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, and hearing ability. CONCLUSIONS The community-dwelling elderly in urban areas had a low level of QOL. To improve QOL, the maintenance of health conditions was crucial. Efforts to encourage the elderly to perform feasible exercise and develop good lifestyles should be focused on. Also, children's filial duty to their parents should be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110013, PR China.
| | - Surita Aodeng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110013, PR China
| | - Yoshimi Tanimoto
- Department of Hygiene & Public Health, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Misuzu Watanabe
- Department of Hygiene & Public Health, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Jinsong Han
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110013, PR China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110013, PR China
| | - Lianzheng Yu
- Department of Noncommunicable Chronic Disease Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 242 Shayang Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110005, PR China
| | - Koichi Kono
- Department of Hygiene & Public Health, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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Kono K, Matsuya K, Sekine M, Shiozawa N, Ota M, Yano T. Effect of riboflavin on the maintenance of bone quality in female long-distance runners. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2014.10.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Suzuki Y, Yoshimoto Y, Oike T, Okonogi N, Ando K, Sato H, Noda S, Isono M, Mimura K, Kono K, Nakano T. Carbon-Ion Beam and X-Ray Irradiation Increase a Release of an Immune Mediator Protein High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) in Various Human Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Usuda K, Kono R, Ueno T, Ito Y, Dote T, Yokoyama H, Kono K, Tamaki J. Risk assessment visualization of rubidium compounds: comparison of renal and hepatic toxicities, in vivo. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:263-8. [PMID: 24728875 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rubidium has been considered to be nontoxic. Its use includes thin film on glass deposition and as medical contrast medium. Recent technology innovations also involve the use of rubidium, but there is limited information about the biological effects of its various compounds. In the present risk assessment study, a series of rubidium compounds with different counter anions-acetate, bromide, carbonate, chloride, and fluoride-were orally administrated in a single dose to several groups of rats. Cumulative 24-h urine samples were obtained, and the levels of rubidium, fluoride, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and creatinine were measured to evaluate possible acute renal effects. Daily samples of serum were also obtained to determine the levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases to assess possible acute hepatic effects. Urinary rubidium excretion recovery of 8.0-10.5% shows that urine can be a useful diagnostic tool for rubidium exposure. The present results reveal that rubidium shows different biological effects depending on the counter anion. A pattern of large significant NAG leakage and elevation of ALT observed in rats treated with anhydrous rubidium fluoride indicates renal and hepatic toxicities that can be attributed to fluoride. The techniques reported in this study will be of help to assess the potential risks of toxicity of rubidium compounds with a variety of anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Usuda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan,
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Poesen R, Viaene L, Bammens B, Claes K, Evenepoel P, Meijers B, Bozic M, De Pablo C, Alvarez A, Sanchez-Nino MD, Ortiz A, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM, Speer T, Zewinger S, Holy EW, Stahli BE, Triem S, Cvija H, Rohrer L, Seiler S, Heine GH, Jankowski V, Jankowski J, Camici G, Akhmedov A, Luscher TF, Tanner FC, Fliser D, Isoyama N, Leurs P, Qureshi AR, Anderstam B, Heimburger O, Barany P, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Bolasco P, Palleschi S, Rossi B, Atti M, Amore A, Coppo R, Loiacono E, Ghezzi PM, Palladino G, Caiazzo M, Di Napoli A, Tazza L, Franco F, Chicca S, Bossola M, Di Lallo D, Michelozzi P, Davoli M, Lucisano S, Arena A, Lupica R, Cernaro V, Trimboli D, Aloisi C, Montalto G, Santoro D, Buemi M, Burtey S, Poitevin S, Darbousset R, Gondouin B, Dubois C, Erkmen Uyar M, Bal Z, Bayraktar N, Gurlek Demirci B, Sayin B, Sezer S, Rogacev K, Zawada A, Emrich I, Seiler S, Bohm M, Fliser D, Woollard K, Heine G, Gbandjaba NY, Ghalim N, Saile R, Khalil A, Fujii H, Yamashita Y, Yonekura Y, Nakai K, Kono K, Goto S, Sugano M, Goto S, Ito Y, Nishi S, Leurs P, Meuwese C, Carrero JJ, Qureshi AR, Anderstam B, Barany P, Heimburger O, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Riccio E, Sabbatini M, Bellizzi V, Pisani A, Svedberg O, Stenvinkel P, Qureshi AR, Barany P, Heimburger O, Leurs P, Isoyama N, Lindholm B, Anderstam B, Barreto-Silva MI, Lemos C, Costa-Silva F, Mendes R, Bregman R, Barreto - Silva MI, Lemos C, Vargas S, Barja-Fidalgo TC, Bregman R, Sidoti A, Lusini ML, Biagioli M, Sereni L, Ghezzi PM, Caiazzo M, Palladino G, Kara E, Ahbap E, Basturk T, Koc Y, Sakaci T, Sahutoglu T, Sevinc M, Akgol C, Unsal A, Snaedal S, Qureshi AR, Carrero JJ, Heimburger O, Stenvinkel P, Barany P, Paliouras C, Haviatsos T, Lamprianou F, Papagiannis N, Ntetskas G, Roufas K, Karvouniaris N, Anastasakis E, Moschos N, Alivanis P, Santoro D, Ingegneri MT, Vita G, Pisacane A, Bellinghieri G, Savica V, Buemi M, Lucisano S, Kim HK, Kim SC, Kim MG, Jo SK, Cho WY, Altunoglu A, Yavuz D, Canoz MB, Yavuz R, Karakas LA, Bayraktar N, Colak T, Sezer S, Ozdemir FN, Haberal M, Akbasli AC, Keven K, Erbay B, Nebio lu S, Loboda O, Dudar I, Krot V, Alekseeva V, Grabulosa CC, De Carvalho JTG, Manfredi SR, Canziani ME, Quinto BMR, Peres AT, Batista MC, Cendoroglo M, Dalboni MA, Zingerman B, Azoulay O, Gamzo Z, Rozen-Zvi B, Stefan G, Capusa C, Stancu S, Ilyes A, Viasu L, Mircescu G, Yilmaz MI, Solak Y, Saglam M, Cayci T, Acikel C, Unal HU, Eyileten T, Oguz Y, Sari S, Carrero JJ, Stenvinkel P, Covic A, Kanbay M, Kim YN, Park K, Gwoo S, Shin HS, Jung YS, Rim H, Rhew HY, Gok M, Kurt Y, Unal HU, CetInkaya H, Karaman M, EyIeten T, Vural A, Yilmaz MI, Oguz Y, Flisi Ski M, Brymora A, StrozEcki P, Stefa Ska A, Manitius J, Donderski R, Mi Kowiec-Wi Niewska I, Kretowicz M, Johnson R, Kami Ska A, Junik R, Siodmiak J, Stefa Ska A, Odrowaz-Sypniewska G, Manitius J, Tasic D, Radenkovic S, Kocic G, Wyskida K, Spiechowicz-Zato U, Rotkegel S, Ciepal J, Klein D, Bozentowicz-Wikarek M, Brzozowska A, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Chudek J, Dimitrijevic Z, Cvetkovic T, Mitic B, Paunovic K, Paunovic G, Stojanovic M, Velickovic-Radovanovic R, Gliga ML, Gliga PM, Stoica C, Tarta D, Dogaru G. CKD NUTRITION, INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
To prove clinical benefits of cancer vaccine is currently difficult, except for one phase III trial has documented improved overall survival with the vaccine, Sipuleucel-T, although induction of anti-tumor immune responses through cancer vaccine is theoretically promising and would be straightforward. In contrast, immune checkpoint blockade with anti-CTLA4 mAb and anti-PD-1 mAb has demonstrated clear evidence of objective responses including improved overall survival and tumor shrinkage, driving renewed enthusiasm for cancer immunotherapy in multiple cancer types. In addition, there is a promising novel cancer immunotherapy, CAR therapy—a personalized treatment that involves genetically modifying a patient’s T-cells to make them target tumor cells. We are now facing new era of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kono
- Department of Surgery , National University of Singapore, Singapore ; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore , National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Komiyama M, Ura S, Wada H, Yamakage HY, Asahara N, Shimada S, Shimatsu A, Koyama H, Kono K, Takahashi Y, Hasegawa K. PM331 Influence of post-smoking cessation weight gain on atherogenic α1-antitrypsin-low density-lipoprotein. Glob Heart 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Sugiura Y, Tanimoto Y, Watanabe M, Tsuda Y, Kimura M, Kusabiraki T, Kono K. Handgrip strength as a predictor of higher-level competence decline among community-dwelling Japanese elderly in an urban area during a 4-year follow-up. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2013; 57:319-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Huang SM, Badrutdinov AO, Kono K, Ono K. A possible solution for charge sensing in vertical double quantum dots. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:345301. [PMID: 23883871 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/34/345301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a peculiar charge stability diagram of a vertical double quantum dot, where the conventional Coulomb diamond edges have a sawtooth-like shape. This feature could be understood if we assume the formation of a third quantum dot in the semiconductor volume which is supposed to be a part of the source in the standard quantum dot measurement circuit. The size of this additional dot is larger compared to the size of the original ones, thus the charging energy is smaller, but it still exceeds the thermal energy and affects the electron transport through the structure. Since the big dot is coupled to small ones, the observed effect could be utilized for charge detection, which has always been a problem in the case of vertical quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Huang
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Komiyama M, Wada H, Ura S, Yamakage H, Satoh-Asahara N, Shimatsu A, Koyama H, Kono K, Takahashi Y, Hasegawa K. Analysis of factors that determine weight gain during smoking cessation therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72010. [PMID: 23991026 PMCID: PMC3749100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smokers are generally known to gain weight after quitting smoking, and such weight gain is thought to contribute to the worsening of glucose tolerance. While smoking cessation therapy such as nicotine replacement is useful to minimize post-cessation weight gain, substantial gain occurs even during the therapy. The purpose of the present study was to identify factors associated with weight gain during smoking cessation therapy. We evaluated 186 patients(132 males and 54 females)who visited our outpatient clinic for smoking cessation, and successfully achieved smoking abstinence. We performed gender-adjusted regression analysis for the rate of BMI increase from the beginning of cessation to 3 months after initiation. Furthermore, we performed multivariate analysis to investigate factors that determine the BMI increase after smoking cessation. The mean BMI significantly (p<0.0001) increased from 23.5 ± 3.6 kg/m(2) at the initial consultation to 23.9 ± 3.8 kg/m(2) at 3 months after the start of therapy. There was no significant difference in the extent of BMI increase between nicotine patch and varenicline therapy groups. Factors significantly correlated with the %BMI increase at 3 months after the start of therapy were triglyceride (p = 0.0006, βa = 0.260), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.0386, βa = -0.168), daily cigarette consumption (p = 0.0385, βa = 0.154), and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score (p = 0.0060, βa = 0.203). Stepwise multivariate analysis demonstrated that triglyceride and the FTND score were the factors determining the post-cessation BMI increase and that the FTND score was the strongest one. The present study demonstrated that smokers with a high FTND score are more likely to gain weight during smoking cessation therapy. Thus, smokers with a high nicotine dependency may require intervention against weight gain in the cessation clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Komiyama
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wada
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ura
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamakage
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Shimatsu
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Kono
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Takahashi
- Health Care Center, Nara Women’s University, Nara, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Mohiuddin, Keka IS, Evans TJ, Hirota K, Shimizu H, Kono K, Takeda S, Hirano S. A novel genotoxicity assay of carbon nanotubes using functional macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO)-expressing chicken B lymphocytes. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:145-60. [PMID: 23963510 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising nanomaterials, their potential carcinogenicity is a major concern. We previously established a genetic method of analyzing genotoxicity of chemical compounds, where we evaluated their cytotoxic effect on the DT40 lymphoid cell line comparing DNA-repair-deficient isogenic clones with parental wild-type cells. However, application of our DT40 system for the cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of nanomaterials seemed to be difficult, because DT40 cells only poorly internalized nanoparticles. To solve this problem, we have constructed a chimeric gene encoding a trans-membrane receptor consisting of the 5' region of the transferrin receptor (TR) gene (to facilitate internalization of nanoparticles) and the 3' region of the macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) gene (which is a receptor for environmental particles). We expressed the resulting MARCO-TR chimeric receptor on DNA-repair-proficient wild-type cells and mutants deficient in base excision repair (FEN1 (-/-)) and translesion DNA synthesis (REV3 (-/-)). We demonstrated that the chimera mediates uptake of particles such as fluorescence-tagged polystyrene particles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), with very poor uptake of those particles by DT40 cells not expressing the chimera. MWCNTs were cytotoxic and this effect was greater in FEN1 (-/-)and REV3 (-/-) cells than in wild-type cells. Furthermore, MWCNTs induced greater oxidative damage (measured as 8-OH-dG formation) and a larger number of mitotic chromosomal aberrations in repair-deficient cells compared to repair-proficient cells. Taken together, our novel assay system using the chimeric receptor-expressing DT40 cells provides a sensitive method to screen for genotoxicity of CNTs and possibly other nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohiuddin
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Aoyama N, Kurosawa T, Fukuda N, Moriguchi M, Kono K, Nishii M, Nishinari M, Soma K. Therapeutic strategy for extracorporeal life support in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicating cardiopulmonary arrest. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht311.5913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is an important concept in many branches of physics. In helium-3 ((3)He), the breaking of symmetry leads to the orbital chirality in the superfluid phase known as (3)He-A. Chirality is a fundamental property of (3)He-A, but its direct detection has been challenging. We report direct detection of chirality by transport measurements of electrons trapped below a free surface of (3)He-A. In particular, we observed the so-called intrinsic Magnus force experienced by a moving electron; the direction of the force directly reflected the chirality. We further showed that, at the superfluid transition, the system selected either right- or left-handed chirality. The observation of such selection directly demonstrates chiral symmetry breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ikegami
- Low Temperature Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy can induce immunogenic cell death, triggering danger signals such as high-mobility group box 1 protein, and resulting in T-cell immunity. This concept can potentially be harnessed for clinical therapy to enhance tumor-specific immunity. There is however limited information to translate this theory directly in a clinical setting. In this review, we will discuss and summarize molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying immunogenic tumor cell death induced by chemoradiotherapy, with emphasis on a clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kono
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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