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Wiśniewski K, Gajos A, Zaczkowski K, Szulia A, Grzegorczyk M, Dąbkowska A, Wójcik R, Bobeff EJ, Kwiecień K, Brandel MG, Fahlström A, Bogucki A, Ciszek B, Jaskólski DJ. Overlapping stimulation of subthalamic nucleus and dentato-rubro-thalamic tract in Parkinson's disease after deep brain stimulation. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:106. [PMID: 38403814 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-06006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) reduces tremor, rigidity, and akinesia. According to the literature, the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRTt) is verified target for DBS in essential tremor; however, its role in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is only vaguely described. The aim of our study was to identify the relationship between symptom alleviation in PD patients and the distance of the DBS electrode electric field (EF) to the DRTt. METHODS A single-center retrospective analysis of patients (N = 30) with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) who underwent DBS between November 2018 and January 2020 was performed. DRTt and STN were visualized using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and tractography protocol of magnetic resonance (MR). The EF was calculated and compared with STN and course of DRTt. Evaluation of patients before and after surgery was performed with use of UPDRS-III scale. The association between distance from EF to DRTt and clinical outcomes was examined. To confirm the anatomical variation between DRTt and STN observed in tractography, white matter dissection was performed with the Klingler technique on ten human brains. RESULTS Patients with EF overlapping STN and DRTt benefited from significant motor symptoms improvement. Anatomical findings confirmed the presence of population differences in variability of the DRTt course and were consistent with the DRTt visualized by MR. CONCLUSIONS DRTt proximity to STN, the main target in PD DBS surgery, confirmed by DWI with tractography protocol of MR combined with proper predefined stimulation parameters may improve efficacy of DBS-STN.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wiśniewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Łódź, Barlicki University Hospital, Łódź, Poland.
| | - A Gajos
- Department of Extrapyramidal Diseases, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - K Zaczkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Łódź, Barlicki University Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Szulia
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Łódź, Barlicki University Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - M Grzegorczyk
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Dąbkowska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Wójcik
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Łódź, Barlicki University Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - E J Bobeff
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Łódź, Barlicki University Hospital, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - K Kwiecień
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Łódź, Barlicki University Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - M G Brandel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - A Fahlström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Bogucki
- Department of Extrapyramidal Diseases, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - B Ciszek
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D J Jaskólski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Łódź, Barlicki University Hospital, Łódź, Poland
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Knap K, Reczyńska-Kolman K, Kwiecień K, Niewolik D, Płonka J, Ochońska D, Jeleń P, Mielczarek P, Kazek-Kęsik A, Jaszcz K, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Pamuła E. Poly(sebacic acid) microparticles loaded with azithromycin as potential pulmonary drug delivery system: Physicochemical properties, antibacterial behavior, and cytocompatibility studies. Biomater Adv 2023; 153:213540. [PMID: 37429048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent bacterial infections are a common cause of death for patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Herein, we present the development of the degradable poly(sebacic acid) (PSA) microparticles loaded with different concentrations of azithromycin (AZ) as a potential powder formulation to deliver AZ locally to the lungs. We characterized microparticle size, morphology, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, interaction PSA with AZ and degradation profile in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The antibacterial properties were evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer method against Staphylococcus aureus. Potential cytotoxicity was evaluated in BEAS-2B and A549 lung epithelial cells by the resazurin reduction assay and live/dead staining. The results show that microparticles are spherical and their size, being in the range of 1-5 μm, should be optimal for pulmonary delivery. The AZ encapsulation efficiency is nearly 100 % for all types of microparticles. The microparticles degradation rate is relatively fast - after 24 h their mass decreased by around 50 %. The antibacterial test showed that released AZ was able to successfully inhibit bacteria growth. The cytotoxicity test showed that the safe concentration of both unloaded and AZ-loaded microparticles was equal to 50 μg/ml. Thus, appropriate physicochemical properties, controlled degradation and drug release, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial behavior showed that our microparticles may be promising for the local treatment of lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Knap
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Reczyńska-Kolman
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad Kwiecień
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Daria Niewolik
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, ul. M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Płonka
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, ul. Krzywoustego 6, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Dorota Ochońska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, ul. Św. Anny 12, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Jeleń
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Silicate Chemistry and Macromolecular Compounds, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Mielczarek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Kazek-Kęsik
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, ul. Krzywoustego 6, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaszcz
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, ul. M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, ul. Św. Anny 12, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
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Ścibik Ł, Ochońska D, Gołda-Cępa M, Kwiecień K, Pamuła E, Kotarba A, Brzychczy-Włoch M. Sonochemical Deposition of Gentamicin Nanoparticles at the PCV Tracheostomy Tube Surface Limiting Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16103765. [PMID: 37241392 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of nanotechnology in the production of medical equipment has opened new possibilities to fight bacterial biofilm developing on their surfaces, which can cause infectious complications. In this study, we decided to use gentamicin nanoparticles. An ultrasonic technique was used for their synthesis and immediate deposition onto the surface of tracheostomy tubes, and their effect on bacterial biofilm formation was evaluated. METHODS Polyvinyl chloride was functionalized using oxygen plasma followed by sonochemical formation and the embedment of gentamicin nanoparticles. The resulting surfaces were characterized with the use of AFM, WCA, NTA, FTIR and evaluated for cytotoxicity with the use of A549 cell line and for bacterial adhesion using reference strains of S. aureus (ATCC® 25923™) and E. coli (ATCC® 25922™). RESULTS The use of gentamicin nanoparticles significantly reduced the adhesion of bacterial colonies on the surface of the tracheostomy tube for S. aureus from 6 × 105 CFU/mL to 5 × 103 CFU/mL and for E. coli from 1.655 × 105 CFU/mL to 2 × 101 CFU/mL, and the functionalized surfaces did not show a cytotoxic effect on A549 cells (ATTC CCL 185). CONCLUSIONS The use of gentamicin nanoparticles on the polyvinyl chloride surface may be an additional supporting method for patients after tracheostomy in order to prevent the colonization of the biomaterial by potentially pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Ścibik
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Department of Otolaryngology and Oncological Surgery of the Head and Neck, 5th Military Hospital with Polyclinic in Krakow, 1-3 Wrocławska Street, 30-901 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Ochońska
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Gołda-Cępa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad Kwiecień
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kotarba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
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Pudełko I, Moskwik A, Kwiecień K, Kriegseis S, Krok-Borkowicz M, Schickle K, Ochońska D, Dobrzyński P, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Gonzalez-Julian J, Pamuła E. Porous Zirconia Scaffolds Functionalized with Calcium Phosphate Layers and PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Hydrophobic Gentamicin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098400. [PMID: 37176107 PMCID: PMC10178882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Implant-related infections are a worldwide issue that is considered very challenging. Conventional therapies commonly end up failing; thus, new solutions are being investigated to overcome this problem. The in situ delivery of the drug at the implant site appears to be more sufficient compared to systemic antibiotic therapy. In this study, we manufactured porous zirconia scaffolds using the foam replication method. To improve their overall bioactivity, they were coated with a calcium phosphate (CaP) layer containing antibiotic-loaded degradable polymer nanoparticles (NPs) obtained by the double emulsion method to achieve the antibacterial effect additionally. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) were superior and were equal to 99.9 ± 0.1% and 9.1 ± 0.1%, respectively. Scaffolds were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, and their porosity was evaluated. The porosity of investigated samples was over 90% and resembled the microstructure of spongy bone. Furthermore, we investigated the cytocompatibility with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells and antimicrobial properties with Staphylococcus aureus. Scaffolds coated with a CaP layer were found non-toxic for MG-63 cells. Moreover, the presence of antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles had no significant influence on cell viability, and the obtained scaffolds inhibited bacteria growth. Provided processes of fabrication of highly porous zirconia scaffolds and surface functionalization allow minimizing the risk of implant-related infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Pudełko
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Moskwik
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad Kwiecień
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sven Kriegseis
- Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 33, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Krok-Borkowicz
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Schickle
- Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 33, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Dorota Ochońska
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Str., 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrzyński
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Curie-Sklodowskiej Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Str., 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Julian
- Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 33, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Knap K, Kwiecień K, Reczyńska-Kolman K, Pamuła E. Inhalable microparticles as drug delivery systems to the lungs in a dry powder formulations. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac099. [PMID: 36683752 PMCID: PMC9845529 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation-administrated drugs remain an interesting possibility of addressing pulmonary diseases. Direct drug delivery to the lungs allows one to obtain high concentration in the site of action with limited systemic distribution, leading to a more effective therapy with reduced required doses and side effects. On the other hand, there are several difficulties in obtaining a formulation that would meet all the criteria related to physicochemical, aerodynamic and biological properties, which is the reason why only very few of the investigated systems can reach the clinical trial phase and proceed to everyday use as a result. Therefore, we focused on powders consisting of polysaccharides, lipids, proteins or natural and synthetic polymers in the form of microparticles that are delivered by inhalation to the lungs as drug carriers. We summarized the most common trends in research today to provide the best dry powders in the right fraction for inhalation that would be able to release the drug before being removed by natural mechanisms. This review article addresses the most common manufacturing methods with novel modifications, pros and cons of different materials, drug loading capacities with release profiles, and biological properties such as cytocompatibility, bactericidal or anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katarzyna Reczyńska-Kolman
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Kwiecień K, Pudełko I, Knap K, Reczyńska-Kolman K, Krok-Borkowicz M, Ochońska D, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Pamuła E. Insight in Superiority of the Hydrophobized Gentamycin in Terms of Antibiotics Delivery to Bone Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012077. [PMID: 36292955 PMCID: PMC9603325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone infections are a serious problem to cure, as systemic administration of antibiotics is not very effective due to poor bone vascularization. Therefore, many drug delivery systems are investigated to solve this problem. One of the potential solutions is the delivery of antibiotics from poly(L-actide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles suspended in the gellan gum injectable hydrogel. However, the loading capacity and release kinetics of the system based on hydrophilic drugs (e.g., gentamycin) and hydrophobic polymers (e.g., PLGA) may not always be satisfying. To solve this problem, we decided to use hydrophobized gentamycin obtained by ion-pairing with dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT). Herein, we present a comparison of the PLGA nanoparticles loaded with hydrophobic or hydrophilic gentamycin and suspended in the hydrogel in terms of physicochemical properties, drug loading capacity, release profiles, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial properties. The results showed that hydrophobic gentamycin may be combined in different formulations with the hydrophilic one and is superior in terms of encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, release, and antibacterial efficacy with no negative effect on the NPs morphology or hydrogel features. However, the cytocompatibility of hydrophobic gentamycin might be lower, consequently more extensive study on its biological properties should be provided to evaluate a safe dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kwiecień
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Iwona Pudełko
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Knap
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Reczyńska-Kolman
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krok-Borkowicz
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Ochońska
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (E.P.)
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Reczyńska-Kolman K, Hartman K, Kwiecień K, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Pamuła E. Composites Based on Gellan Gum, Alginate and Nisin-Enriched Lipid Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Infected Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010321. [PMID: 35008746 PMCID: PMC8745171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to growing antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics, novel methods of treatment of infected wounds are being searched for. The aim of this research was to develop a composite wound dressing based on natural polysaccharides, i.e., gellan gum (GG) and a mixture of GG and alginate (GG/Alg), containing lipid nanoparticles loaded with antibacterial peptide-nisin (NSN). NSN-loaded stearic acid-based nanoparticles (NP_NSN) were spherical with an average particle size of around 300 nm and were cytocompatible with L929 fibroblasts for up to 500 µg/mL. GG and GG/Alg sponges containing either free NSN (GG + NSN and GG/Alg + NSN) or NP_NSN (GG + NP_NSN and GG/Alg + NP_NSN) were highly porous with a high swelling capacity (swelling ratio above 2000%). Encapsulation of NSN within lipid nanoparticles significantly slowed down NSN release from GG-based samples for up to 24 h (as compared to GG + NSN). The most effective antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive Streptococcus pyogenes was observed for GG + NP_NSN, while in GG/Alg it was decreased by interactions between NSN and Alg, leading to NSN retention within the hydrogel matrix. All materials, except GG/Alg + NP_NSN, were cytocompatible with L929 fibroblasts and did not cause an observable delay in wound healing. We believe that the developed materials are promising for wound healing application and the treatment of bacterial infections in wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Reczyńska-Kolman
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.R.-K.); (E.P.); Tel.: +48-126-172-338 (K.R.-K.); +48-12-617-44-48 (E.P.)
| | - Kinga Hartman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Konrad Kwiecień
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.R.-K.); (E.P.); Tel.: +48-126-172-338 (K.R.-K.); +48-12-617-44-48 (E.P.)
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