1
|
Dasgupta P, Ou A, Lin H, Gregory T, Alfaro-Munoz KD, Yuan Y, Afshar-Khargan V, Kamiya-Matsuoka C, Rousseau JF, Majd NK. The risk and burden of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events in patients with malignant gliomas receiving bevacizumab. J Neurooncol 2024:10.1007/s11060-023-04551-9. [PMID: 38372903 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bevacizumab has evolved as an integral treatment option for patients with high-grade gliomas. Little is known about clinical risk factors that predispose patients with high-grade gliomas receiving bevacizumab to VTE or ICH. We sought to characterize the clinical risk factors associated with risk of either event. METHODS In this multi-institutional retrospective study, we first evaluated patients with high-grade gliomas who were treated with bevacizumab at University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2015-2021. We compared clinical and treatment-related factors among three cohorts: those who developed VTE, ICH, or neither. We further compared survival outcomes of these patients from the time of bevacizumab initiation. Then to further confirm our results in a non-cancer center hospital setting we evaluated patients from two Ascension Seton Hospitals in Austin, Texas which are affiliated with Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin from 2017-2022. RESULTS We found that the presence of cerebral macrobleeding, defined as a magnetic susceptibility of > 1 cm3 on magnetic resonance imaging, was highly associated with risk of developing ICH after initiation of bevacizumab. Development of ICH was significantly associated with poorer survival outcomes. We did not find a statistically significant effect of VTE on survival after bevacizumab initiation. CONCLUSION In order to stratify the risk for developing ICH before the initiation of bevacizumab, we recommend to assess for the presence of cerebral macrobleeding as it is associated with ICH development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushan Dasgupta
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Ou
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Gregory
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristin D Alfaro-Munoz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vahid Afshar-Khargan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlos Kamiya-Matsuoka
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin F Rousseau
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Nazanin K Majd
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khan S, Mahalingam R, Sen S, Martinez-Ledesma E, Khan A, Gandy K, Lang FF, Sulman EP, Alfaro-Munoz KD, Majd NK, Balasubramaniyan V, de Groot JF. Intrinsic Interferon Signaling Regulates the Cell Death and Mesenchymal Phenotype of Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215284. [PMID: 34771447 PMCID: PMC8582372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Interferon signaling is mostly studied in the context of immune cells. However, its role in glioma cancer cells is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of cancer-cell-intrinsic IFN signaling in tumorigenesis in glioblastoma (GBM). We found that GSCs and GBM tumors exhibited differential cell-intrinsic type I and type II IFN signaling, and the high IFN/STAT1 signaling was associated with mesenchymal phenotype and poor survival in glioma patients. IFN-β exposure induced cell death in GSCs with intrinsically high IFN/STAT1 signaling, and this effect was abolished by inhibition of IFN/STAT1 signaling. A subset of GBM patients with high IFN/STAT1 may benefit from the IFN-β therapy. Abstract Interferon (IFN) signaling contributes to stemness, cell proliferation, cell death, and cytokine signaling in cancer and immune cells; however, the role of IFN signaling in glioblastoma (GBM) and GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of cancer-cell-intrinsic IFN signaling in tumorigenesis in GBM. We report here that GSCs and GBM tumors exhibited differential cell-intrinsic type I and type II IFN signaling, and high IFN/STAT1 signaling was associated with mesenchymal phenotype and poor survival outcomes. In addition, chronic inhibition of IFN/STAT1 signaling decreased cell proliferation and mesenchymal signatures in GSCs with intrinsically high IFN/STAT1 signaling. IFN-β exposure induced apoptosis in GSCs with intrinsically high IFN/STAT1 signaling, and this effect was abolished by the pharmacological inhibitor ruxolitinib and STAT1 knockdown. We provide evidence for targeting IFN signaling in a specific sub-group of GBM patients. IFN-β may be a promising candidate for adjuvant GBM therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.K.); (S.S.); (E.M.-L.); (K.G.); (K.D.A.-M.); (N.K.M.)
| | - Rajasekaran Mahalingam
- Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 770030, USA;
| | - Shayak Sen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.K.); (S.S.); (E.M.-L.); (K.G.); (K.D.A.-M.); (N.K.M.)
| | - Emmanuel Martinez-Ledesma
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.K.); (S.S.); (E.M.-L.); (K.G.); (K.D.A.-M.); (N.K.M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Kaitlin Gandy
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.K.); (S.S.); (E.M.-L.); (K.G.); (K.D.A.-M.); (N.K.M.)
| | - Frederick F. Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Erik P. Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Kristin D. Alfaro-Munoz
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.K.); (S.S.); (E.M.-L.); (K.G.); (K.D.A.-M.); (N.K.M.)
| | - Nazanin K. Majd
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.K.); (S.S.); (E.M.-L.); (K.G.); (K.D.A.-M.); (N.K.M.)
| | - Veerakumar Balasubramaniyan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.K.); (S.S.); (E.M.-L.); (K.G.); (K.D.A.-M.); (N.K.M.)
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (J.F.d.G.)
| | - John F. de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.K.); (S.S.); (E.M.-L.); (K.G.); (K.D.A.-M.); (N.K.M.)
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (J.F.d.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bakas S, Ormond DR, Alfaro-Munoz KD, Smits M, Cooper LAD, Verhaak R, Poisson LM. iGLASS: imaging integration into the Glioma Longitudinal Analysis Consortium. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1545-1546. [PMID: 32644158 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Bakas
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Ryan Ormond
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristin D Alfaro-Munoz
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marion Smits
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC‒University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lee Alex Donald Cooper
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roel Verhaak
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laila M Poisson
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hassan I, Kotrotsou A, Matsuoka CK, Alfaro-Munoz KD, Elshafeey N, Shafei NE, Zinn PO, Groot JFD, Colen RR. Abstract 2955: A radiomic-based MRI phenotype is uniquely associated with hypermutated genotype in gliomas. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypermutation is the excessive accumulation of DNA mutation in cancer cells. This specific hypermutated genotype has been reported in low and high grade gliomas, specifically post-temozolomide treatment and is associated with treatment-resistance. Herein, we sought to identify an imaging-based signature for hypermutated gliomas using a radiomics-based approach.
MATERIALS AND METHODS In this IRB-approved retrospective study, we analyzed a total of 101 patients with primary gliomas from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms (T200 and Foundation 1) were used to determine the Mutation burden status in post-biopsy (stereotactic/excisional). Patients were dichotomized based on their mutation burden; 77 hypomutated (<30 mutations) and 24 hypermutated (>=30 mutations or <30 with MMR gene or POLE/POLD gene mutations). Radiomic analysis was performed on the conventional MR images (FLAIR and T1 post-contrast) obtained prior to tumor tissue surgical sampling; and a total of 2480 rotation-invariant radiomic features were extracted using: (i) the first-order histogram and (ii) grey level co-occurrence matrix. The Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy technique was used to select the most relevant radiomic features. ROC analysis and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) were used to assess the performance of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier as and AUC, Sensitivity, Specificity, and p-value were obtained.
RESULTS We found 100 radiomic features that can discriminate between hypermutated versus hypomutated gliomas, AUC 96.3% (CI: 90.2%-98.9%), Sensitivity 100%, Specificity 95%, p-value=3.769e-6.
CONCLUSION Hypermutated gliomas has a unique radiomic quantitative signature that can be used to predict mutation burden regardless of tumor grade or histopathology.
Citation Format: Islam Hassan, Aikaterini Kotrotsou, Carlos Kamiya Matsuoka, Kristin D. Alfaro-Munoz, Nabil Elshafeey, Nancy El Shafei, Pascal O. Zinn, John F. de Groot, Rivka R. Colen. A radiomic-based MRI phenotype is uniquely associated with hypermutated genotype in gliomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2955.
Collapse
|
5
|
Boonyawan K, Hess KR, Yang J, Long L, Wang Q, Ezhilarasan R, Auia A, Alfaro-Munoz KD, de Groot JF, Bhat KP, Sulman EP. A relative increase in circulating platelets following chemoradiation predicts for poor survival of patients with glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90488-90495. [PMID: 29163847 PMCID: PMC5685768 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombocytosis is triggered by and promotes tumor growth. The relationship between the change in circulating platelets after chemoradiation therapy (CRT) or adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) and survival in glioblastoma remains unclear. We hypothesized that an increase in platelets after these treatments would be predictive of a shorter survival. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data on 122 patients with newly diagnosed, pathologically proven glioblastoma who had been treated with surgery, followed by CRT and adjuvant TMZ, from 2007 to 2016. The association between the changes in blood count levels and survival was analyzed by the log-rank test. To adjust for confounding, we performed a multivariate analysis using known prognostic co-variates. Results Patients were dichotomized on the basis of the relative change in platelets after CRT from the baseline: ≤30% increase, low (n = 101) vs >30% increase, high (n = 12). The median survival for high vs. low platelets were 11 vs 28 months (p = 0.0062). No significant survival differences were observed on the basis of platelet changes during adjuvant TMZ. Similarly, changes in lymphocyte counts were not significantly prognostic. On multivariate analysis, MGMT, performance status, and an increase in platelets after CRT were significantly associated with survival (HR for platelets, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-12.6). Conclusions Increased platelet counts after CRT are predictive of poor survival in glioblastoma. The effect is platelet specific and does not reflect bone marrow changes, as lymphocyte changes were not significantly prognostic. These results suggest an interaction between platelets and tumor aggressiveness. Thus, platelets serve as a novel, minimally invasive liquid biopsy for predicting outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keeratikarn Boonyawan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth R Hess
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lihong Long
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qianghu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ravesanker Ezhilarasan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alessandra Auia
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kristin D Alfaro-Munoz
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John F de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Krishna P Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cachia D, Elshafeey NA, Kamiya-Matsuoka C, Hatami M, Alfaro-Munoz KD, Mandel JJ, Colen R, DeGroot JF. Radiographic patterns of progression with associated outcomes after bevacizumab therapy in glioblastoma patients. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:75-81. [PMID: 28702781 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Treatment response and survival after bevacizumab failure remains poor in patients with glioblastoma. Several recent publications examining glioblastoma patients treated with bevacizumab have described specific radiographic patterns of disease progression as correlating with outcome. This study aims to scrutinize these previously reported radiographic prognostic models in an independent data set to inspect their reproducibility and potential for clinical utility. Sixty four patients treated at MD Anderson matched predetermined inclusion criteria. Patients were categorized based on previously published data by: (1) Nowosielski et al. into: T2-diffuse, cT1 Flare-up, non-responders and T2 circumscribed groups (2) Modified Pope et al. criteria into: local, diffuse and distant groups and (3) Bahr et al. into groups with or without new diffusion-restricted and/or pre-contrast T1-hyperintense lesions. When classified according to Nowosielski et al. criteria, the cT1 Flare-up group had the longest overall survival (OS) from bevacizumab initiation, with non-responders having the worst outcomes. The T2 diffuse group had the longest progression free survival (PFS) from start of bevacizumab. When classified by modified Pope at al. criteria, most patients did not experience a shift in tumor pattern from the pattern at baseline, while the PFS and OS in patients with local-to-local and local-to-diffuse/distant patterns of progression were similar. Patients developing restricted diffusion on bevacizumab had worse OS. Diffuse patterns of progression in patients treated with bevacizumab are rare and not associated with worse outcomes compared to other radiographic subgroups. Emergence of restricted diffusion during bevacizumab treatment was a radiographic marker of worse OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Cachia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Nabil A Elshafeey
- Department of Neuro-Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carlos Kamiya-Matsuoka
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Masumeh Hatami
- Department of Neuro-Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kristin D Alfaro-Munoz
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jacob J Mandel
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge, Suite 9A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rivka Colen
- Department of Neuro-Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John F DeGroot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cachia D, Elshafeey NA, Kamiya-Matsuoka C, Hatami M, Alfaro-Munoz KD, Mandel JJ, Colen RR, de Groot JF. NIMG-07RADIOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF PROGRESSION WITH ASSOCIATED OUTCOMES AFTER BEVACIZUMAB THERAPY IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov225.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
8
|
Olar A, Wani KM, Alfaro-Munoz KD, Heathcock LE, van Thuijl HF, Gilbert MR, Armstrong TS, Sulman EP, Cahill DP, Vera-Bolanos E, Yuan Y, Reijneveld JC, Ylstra B, Wesseling P, Aldape KD. IDH mutation status and role of WHO grade and mitotic index in overall survival in grade II-III diffuse gliomas. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:585-96. [PMID: 25701198 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are up till now graded based upon morphology. Recent findings indicate that isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status defines biologically distinct groups of tumors. The role of tumor grade and mitotic index in patient outcome has not been evaluated following stratification by IDH mutation status. To address this, we interrogated 558 WHO grade II-III diffuse gliomas for IDH1/2 mutations and investigated the prognostic impact of WHO grade within IDH-mutant and IDH-wild type tumor subsets independently. The prognostic impact of grade was modest in IDH-mutant [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.21, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.91-1.61] compared to IDH-wild type tumors (HR = 1.74, 95 % CI = 0.95-3.16). Using a dichotomized mitotic index cut-off of 4/1000 tumor cells, we found that while mitotic index was significantly associated with outcome in IDH-wild type tumors (log-rank p < 0.0001, HR = 4.41, 95 % CI = 2.55-7.63), it was not associated with outcome in IDH-mutant tumors (log-rank p = 0.5157, HR = 1.10, 95 % CI = 0.80-1.51), and could demonstrate a statistical interaction (p < 0.0001) between IDH mutation and mitotic index (i.e., suggesting that the effect of mitotic index on patient outcome is dependent on IDH mutation status). Patient age, an established prognostic factor in diffuse glioma, was significantly associated with outcome only in the IDH-wild type subset, and consistent with prior data, 1p/19q co-deletion conferred improved outcome in the IDH-mutant cohort. These findings suggest that stratification of grade II-III gliomas into subsets defined by the presence or absence of IDH mutation leads to subgroups with distinct prognostic characteristics. Further evaluation of grading criteria and prognostic markers is warranted within IDH-mutant versus IDH-wild type diffuse grade II-III gliomas as independent entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Olar
- Department of Pathology, G1.3510, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|