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Gauer C, Battis K, Schneider Y, Florio JB, Mante M, Kim HY, Rissman RA, Hoffmann A, Winkler J. CSF1R-mediated myeloid cell depletion shifts the ratio of motor cortical excitatory to inhibitory neurons in a multiple system atrophy model. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114706. [PMID: 38311020 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Motor cortical circuit functions depend on the coordinated fine-tuning of two functionally diverse neuronal populations: glutamatergic pyramidal neurons providing synaptic excitation and GABAergic interneurons adjusting the response of pyramidal neurons through synaptic inhibition. Microglia are brain resident macrophages which dynamically refine cortical circuits by monitoring perineuronal extracellular matrix and remodelling synapses. Previously, we showed that colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-mediated myeloid cell depletion extended the lifespan, but impaired motor functions of MBP29 mice, a mouse model for multiple system atrophy. In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying these motor deficits we characterized the microglial involvement in the cortical balance of GABAergic interneurons and glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in 4-months-old MBP29 mice following CSF1R inhibition for 12 weeks. Lack of myeloid cells resulted in a decreased number of COUP TF1 interacting protein 2-positive (CTIP2+) layer V pyramidal neurons, however in a proportional increase of calretinin-positive GABAergic interneurons in MBP29 mice. While myeloid cell depletion did not alter the expression of important presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins, the loss of cortical perineuronal net area was attenuated by CSF1R inhibition in MBP29 mice. These cortical changes may restrict synaptic plasticity and potentially modify parvalbumin-positive perisomatic input. Collectively, this study suggests, that the lack of myeloid cells shifts the neuronal balance toward an increased inhibitory connectivity in the motor cortex of MBP29 mice thereby potentially deteriorating motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gauer
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Battis
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Y Schneider
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J B Florio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - M Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - H Y Kim
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - R A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - A Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - J Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Battis K, Xiang W, Winkler J. The Bidirectional Interplay of α-Synuclein with Lipids in the Central Nervous System and Its Implications for the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13270. [PMID: 37686080 PMCID: PMC10487772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) play a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases collectively termed as synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The bidirectional interaction of α-syn with lipids and biomembranes impacts not only α-syn aggregation but also lipid homeostasis. Indeed, lipid composition and metabolism are severely perturbed in PD. One explanation for lipid-associated alterations may involve structural changes in α-syn, caused, for example, by missense mutations in the lipid-binding region of α-syn as well as post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, nitration, ubiquitination, truncation, glycosylation, and glycation. Notably, different strategies targeting the α-syn-lipid interaction have been identified and are able to reduce α-syn pathology. These approaches include the modulation of post-translational modifications aiming to reduce the aggregation of α-syn and modify its binding properties to lipid membranes. Furthermore, targeting enzymes involved in various steps of lipid metabolism and exploring the neuroprotective potential of lipids themselves have emerged as novel therapeutic approaches. Taken together, this review focuses on the bidirectional crosstalk of α-syn and lipids and how alterations of this interaction affect PD and thereby open a window for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.B.); (W.X.)
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Battis K, Florio JB, Mante M, Lana A, Naumann I, Gauer C, Lambrecht V, Müller SJ, Cobo I, Fixsen B, Kim HY, Masliah E, Glass CK, Schlachetzki JCM, Rissman RA, Winkler J, Hoffmann A. CSF1R-Mediated Myeloid Cell Depletion Prolongs Lifespan But Aggravates Distinct Motor Symptoms in a Model of Multiple System Atrophy. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7673-7688. [PMID: 36333098 PMCID: PMC9546481 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0417-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As the CNS-resident macrophages and member of the myeloid lineage, microglia fulfill manifold functions important for brain development and homeostasis. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, they have been implicated in degenerative and regenerative processes. The discovery of distinct activation patterns, including increased phagocytosis, indicated a damaging role of myeloid cells in multiple system atrophy (MSA), a devastating, rapidly progressing atypical parkinsonian disorder. Here, we analyzed the gene expression profile of microglia in a mouse model of MSA (MBP29-hα-syn) and identified a disease-associated expression profile and upregulation of the colony-stimulating factor 1 (Csf1). Thus, we hypothesized that CSF1 receptor-mediated depletion of myeloid cells using PLX5622 modifies the disease progression and neuropathological phenotype in this mouse model. Intriguingly, sex-balanced analysis of myeloid cell depletion in MBP29-hα-syn mice revealed a two-faced outcome comprising an improved survival rate accompanied by a delayed onset of neurological symptoms in contrast to severely impaired motor functions. Furthermore, PLX5622 reversed gene expression profiles related to myeloid cell activation but reduced gene expression associated with transsynaptic signaling and signal release. While transcriptional changes were accompanied by a reduction of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc, striatal neuritic density was increased upon myeloid cell depletion in MBP29-hα-syn mice. Together, our findings provide insight into the complex, two-faced role of myeloid cells in the context of MSA emphasizing the importance to carefully balance the beneficial and adverse effects of CSF1R inhibition in different models of neurodegenerative disorders before its clinical translation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Myeloid cells have been implicated as detrimental in the disease pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy. However, long-term CSF1R-dependent depletion of these cells in a mouse model of multiple system atrophy demonstrates a two-faced effect involving an improved survival associated with a delayed onset of disease and reduced inflammation which was contrasted by severely impaired motor functions, synaptic signaling, and neuronal circuitries. Thus, this study unraveled a complex role of myeloid cells in multiple system atrophy, which indicates important functions beyond the previously described disease-associated, destructive phenotype and emphasized the need of further investigation to carefully and individually fine-tune immunologic processes in different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Battis
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Jazmin B Florio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Michael Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Addison Lana
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Isabel Naumann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Carina Gauer
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Vera Lambrecht
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Simon Julian Müller
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Isidoro Cobo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Bethany Fixsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Ha Yeon Kim
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Alana Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
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Reichenwallner AK, Vurmaz E, Battis K, Handl L, Üstün H, Mach T, Hörnig G, Lipfert J, Richter L. Optical Investigation of Individual Red Blood Cells for Determining Cell Count and Cellular Hemoglobin Concentration in a Microfluidic Channel. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:mi12040358. [PMID: 33810262 PMCID: PMC8066749 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a blood analysis routine by observing red blood cells through light and digital holographic microscopy in a microfluidic channel. With this setup a determination of red blood cell (RBC) concentration, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration mean (CHCM) is feasible. Cell count variations in between measurements differed by 2.47% with a deviation of −0.26×106 μL to the reference value obtained from the Siemens ADVIA 2120i. Measured MCV values varied by 2.25% and CHCM values by 3.78% compared to the reference ADVIA measurement. Our results suggest that the combination of optical analysis with microfluidics handling provides a promising new approach to red blood cell counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Reichenwallner
- Technologies for Precision Medicine, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (A.-K.R.); (E.V.); (K.B.); (L.H.); (H.Ü.); (T.M.)
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 Munich, Germany;
| | - Esma Vurmaz
- Technologies for Precision Medicine, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (A.-K.R.); (E.V.); (K.B.); (L.H.); (H.Ü.); (T.M.)
| | - Kristina Battis
- Technologies for Precision Medicine, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (A.-K.R.); (E.V.); (K.B.); (L.H.); (H.Ü.); (T.M.)
| | - Laura Handl
- Technologies for Precision Medicine, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (A.-K.R.); (E.V.); (K.B.); (L.H.); (H.Ü.); (T.M.)
| | - Helin Üstün
- Technologies for Precision Medicine, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (A.-K.R.); (E.V.); (K.B.); (L.H.); (H.Ü.); (T.M.)
| | - Tivadar Mach
- Technologies for Precision Medicine, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (A.-K.R.); (E.V.); (K.B.); (L.H.); (H.Ü.); (T.M.)
| | - Gabriele Hörnig
- Product Lifecycle Management, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Röntgenstr. 19-21, 95478 Kemnath, Germany;
| | - Jan Lipfert
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 Munich, Germany;
| | - Lukas Richter
- Technologies for Precision Medicine, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (A.-K.R.); (E.V.); (K.B.); (L.H.); (H.Ü.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Hoffmann A, Ettle B, Battis K, Reiprich S, Schlachetzki JCM, Masliah E, Wegner M, Kuhlmann T, Riemenschneider MJ, Winkler J. Oligodendroglial α-synucleinopathy-driven neuroinflammation in multiple system atrophy. Brain Pathol 2019; 29:380-396. [PMID: 30444295 PMCID: PMC6850330 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and oligodendroglial cytoplasmic α‐synuclein (α‐syn) inclusions (GCIs) are important neuropathological characteristics of multiple system atrophy (MSA). GCIs are known to interfere with oligodendroglial maturation and consequently result in myelin loss. The neuroinflammatory phenotype in the context of MSA, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate MSA‐associated neuroinflammation being restricted to myeloid cells and tightly linked to oligodendroglial α‐syncleinopathy. In human putaminal post‐mortem tissue of MSA patients, neuroinflammation was observed in white matter regions only. This locally restricted neuroinflammation coincided with elevated numbers of α‐syn inclusions, while gray matter with less α‐synucleinopathy remained unaffected. In order to analyze the temporal pattern of neuroinflammation, a transgenic mouse model overexpressing human α‐syn under the control of an oligodendrocyte‐specific myelin basic protein (MBP) promoter (MBP29‐hα‐syn mice) was assessed in a pre‐symptomatic and symptomatic disease stage. Strikingly, we detected an increased neuroinflammation in regions with a high α‐syn load, the corpus callosum and the striatum, of MBP29‐hα‐syn mice, already at a pre‐symptomatic stage. Furthermore, this inflammatory response was restricted to myeloid cells being highly proliferative and showing an activated, phagocytic phenotype. In contrast, severe astrogliosis was observed only in gray matter regions of MSA patients as well as MBP29‐hα‐syn mice. To further characterize the influence of oligodendrocytes on initiation of the myeloid immune response, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of α‐syn overexpressing primary oligodendrocytes. A distinct gene expression profile including upregulation of cytokines important for myeloid cell attraction and proliferation was detected in α‐syn overexpressing oligodendrocytes. Additionally, microdissected tissue of MBP29‐hα‐syn mice exhibited a similar cellular gene expression profile in white matter regions even pre‐symptomatically. Collectively, these results imply an early crosstalk between neuroinflammation and oligodendrocytes containing α‐syn inclusions leading to an immune response locally restricted to white matter regions in MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ettle
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Battis
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Reiprich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neuroscience and Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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