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Wilckens KA, Mayeli A, Stepan ME, Peng CW, Habte RF, Sharma K, Janssen SA, Applegate SL, Wallace ML, Buysse DJ, Ferrarelli F. High frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation increases slow-wave activity during subsequent sleep in older adults with cognitive complaints. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:362-364. [PMID: 38490473 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA.
| | - Ahmad Mayeli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Michelle E Stepan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Christine W Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Rima F Habte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Kamakashi Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Sabine A Janssen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Savannah L Applegate
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Meredith L Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
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Martins T, Santini T, de Almeida B, Wu M, Wilckens KA, Minhas D, Ibinson JW, Aizenstein HJ, Ibrahim TS. Characterization of oscillations in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid using ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging. medRxiv 2023:2023.12.05.23299452. [PMID: 38105931 PMCID: PMC10723515 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.23299452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Development of innovative non-invasive neuroimaging methods and biomarkers are critical for studying brain disease. In this work, we have developed a methodology to characterize the frequency responses and spatial localization of oscillations and movements of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the human brain. Using 7 Tesla human MRI and ultrafast echo-planar imaging (EPI), in-vivo images were obtained to capture CSF oscillations and movements. Physiological data was simultaneously collected and correlated with the 7T MR data. The primary components of CSF oscillations were identified using spectral analysis (with frequency bands identified around 0.3Hz, 1.2Hz and 2.4Hz) and were mapped spatially and temporally onto the MR image domain and temporally onto the physiological domain. The developed methodology shows a good consistency and repeatability (standard deviation of 0.052 and 0.078 for 0.3Hz and 1.2Hz bands respectively) in-vivo for potential brain dynamics and CSF flow and clearance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Martins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tales Santini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bruno de Almeida
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Minjie Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kristine A. Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Davneet Minhas
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - James W. Ibinson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Howard J. Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tamer S. Ibrahim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Carlson EJ, Wilckens KA, Wheeler ME. The Interactive Role of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Episodic Memory in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1844-1852. [PMID: 37167439 PMCID: PMC10562893 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate sleep is essential for healthy physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning, including memory. However, sleep ability worsens with increasing age. Older adults on average have shorter sleep durations and more disrupted sleep compared with younger adults. Age-related sleep changes are thought to contribute to age-related deficits in episodic memory. Nonetheless, the nature of the relationship between sleep and episodic memory deficits in older adults is still unclear. Further complicating this relationship are age-related changes in circadian rhythms such as the shift in chronotype toward morningness and decreased circadian stability, which may influence memory abilities as well. Most sleep and cognitive aging studies do not account for circadian factors, making it unclear whether age-related and sleep-related episodic memory deficits are partly driven by interactions with circadian rhythms. This review will focus on age-related changes in sleep and circadian rhythms and evidence that these factors interact to affect episodic memory, specifically encoding and retrieval. Open questions, methodological considerations, and clinical implications for diagnosis and monitoring of age-related memory impairments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse J Carlson
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark E Wheeler
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Chin BN, Lehrer HM, Tracy EL, Barinas-Mitchell E, Wilckens KA, Carroll LW, Buysse DJ, Hall MH. Cardiometabolic function in retired night shift workers and retired day workers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5204. [PMID: 36997580 PMCID: PMC10063655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Night shift work is associated with poor cardiometabolic outcomes, even post-retirement. However, the characteristics of cardiometabolic function in retired night shift workers (RNSW) compared to retired day workers (RDW) are not well-understood. Rigorous characterization of cardiometabolic dysfunction in RNSW and RDW will inform targeted risk stratification for RNSW. This observational study evaluated whether RNSW (n = 71) had poorer cardiometabolic function than RDW (n = 83). We conducted a multimodal assessment of cardiometabolic function including metabolic syndrome prevalence, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, and carotid intima-media thickness. Main analyses tested overall group differences. Sex-stratified follow-up analyses tested group differences separately in men and women. RNSW had 2.6-times higher odds of metabolic syndrome prevalence than RDW in unadjusted analyses (95% CI [1.1,6.3]); this association was not significant when adjusting for age, race and education. RNSW and RDW (Mage = 68.4; 55% female) did not differ in percent flow-mediated dilation or carotid intima-media thickness. In sex-stratified analyses, women RNSW had 3.3-times higher odds of having high body mass index than women RDW (95% CI [1.2,10.4]). Men RNSW had 3.9-times higher odds of having high triglycerides than men RDW (95% CI [1.1,14.2]). No other group differences were observed. We found mixed evidence that night shift work exposure was associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction in retirement, possibly in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Chin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Hospital, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
| | - H Matthew Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Hospital, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Eunjin Lee Tracy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Hospital, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | | | - Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Hospital, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Lucas W Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Hospital, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Hospital, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Hospital, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Wickwire EM, Verceles AC, Chen S, Zhao Z, Rogers VE, Wilckens KA, Buysse DJ. Smart Phone/Ecological Momentary Assessment of Sleep and Daytime Symptoms Among Older Adults With Insomnia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:372-378. [PMID: 36813640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To employ smart phone/ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods to evaluate the impact of insomnia on daytime symptoms among older adults. DESIGN Prospective cohort study SETTING: Academic medical center PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine older adults with insomnia (M age = 67.5 ± 6.6 years, 69% women) and 34 healthy sleepers (M age = 70.4 ± 5.6 years, 65% women). MEASUREMENTS Participants wore an actigraph, completed daily sleep diaries, and completed the Daytime Insomnia Symptoms Scale (DISS) via smart phone 4x/day for 2 weeks (i.e., 56 survey administrations across 14 days). RESULTS Relative to healthy sleepers, older adults with insomnia demonstrated more severe insomnia symptoms in all DISS domains (alert cognition, positive mood, negative mood, and fatigue/sleepiness). A series of mixed model analyses were performed using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for correcting false discovery rate (BH-FDR) and an adjusted p-value <0.05. Among older adults with insomnia, all five prior-night sleep diary variables (sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and sleep quality) were significantly associated with next-day insomnia symptoms (i.e., all four DISS domains). The median, first and third quintiles of the effect sizes (R2) of the association analyses were 0.031 (95% confidence interval (CI: [0.011,0.432]), 0.042(CI: [0.014,0.270]), 0.091 (CI:[0.014,0.324]). CONCLUSION Results support the utility of smart phone/EMA assessment among older adults with insomnia. Clinical trials incorporating smart phone/EMA methods, including EMA as an outcome measure, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson M Wickwire
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (EMW, ACV), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry (EMW, SC), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Avelino C Verceles
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (EMW, ACV), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Psychiatry (EMW, SC), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Mathematics (ZZ), University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | | | - Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry (KAW, DJB), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry (KAW, DJB), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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Stepan ME, Wilckens KA, Hostler D, Wallace ML, Franzen PL. Physical Exertion Partially Mitigates Task-Switching Deficits From Sleep Loss: Implications for Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e622-e628. [PMID: 35901201 PMCID: PMC9529911 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to investigate effects of physical exertion on cognitive deficits from sleep loss under conditions that mimic a firefighting scenario. METHODS Twenty-four male participants completed a crossover study design with 3 conditions: total sleep deprivation, sleep disruption (three 60-minute awakenings), and rested control. Participants then completed 50 minutes of a physical exertion task involving treadmill exercise in a heated room while wearing firefighter protective clothing. Vigilant attention and task-switching performance were assessed pre- and post-sleep manipulation and pre- and post-physical exertion. Vigilant attention was also assessed mid-physical exertion. RESULTS Total sleep deprivation and sleep disruption increased attentional lapses and task-switching RT. Total sleep deprivation additionally reduced task-switching accuracy. Performance after physical exertion improved only for task-switching RT after total sleep deprivation. CONCLUSIONS Physical exertion selectively mitigated task-switching RT deficits from the most severe sleep loss condition, total sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Hostler
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Peter L. Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Wilckens KA, Jeon B, Morris JL, Buysse DJ, Chasens ER. Effects of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on sleep architecture in adults with obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:924069. [PMID: 36177385 PMCID: PMC9513763 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.924069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severely impacts sleep and has long-term health consequences. Treating sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) not only relieves obstructed breathing, but also improves sleep. CPAP improves sleep by reducing apnea-induced awakenings. CPAP may also improve sleep by enhancing features of sleep architecture assessed with electroencephalography (EEG) that maximize sleep depth and neuronal homeostasis, such as the slow oscillation and spindle EEG activity, and by reducing neurophysiological arousal during sleep (i.e., beta EEG activity). We examined cross-sectional differences in quantitative EEG characteristics of sleep, assessed with power spectral analysis, in 29 adults with type 2 diabetes treated with CPAP and 24 adults undergoing SHAM CPAP treatment (total n = 53). We then examined changes in spectral characteristics of sleep as the SHAM group crossed over to active CPAP treatment (n = 19). Polysomnography (PSG) from the CPAP titration night was used for the current analyses. Analyses focused on EEG frequencies associated with sleep maintenance and arousal. These included the slow oscillation (0.5–1 Hz), sigma activity (12–16 Hz, spindle activity), and beta activity (16–20 Hz) in F3, F4, C3, and C4 EEG channels. Whole night non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and the first period of NREM spectral activity were examined. Age and sex were included as covariates. There were no group differences between CPAP and SHAM in spectral characteristics of sleep architecture. However, SHAM cross-over to active CPAP was associated with an increase in relative 12–16 Hz sigma activity across the whole night and a decrease in average beta activity across the whole night. Relative slow oscillation power within the first NREM period decreased with CPAP, particularly for frontal channels. Sigma and beta activity effects did not differ by channel. These findings suggest that CPAP may preferentially enhance spindle activity and mitigate neurophysiological arousal. These findings inform the neurophysiological mechanisms of improved sleep with CPAP and the utility of quantitative EEG measures of sleep as a treatment probe of improvements in neurological and physical health with CPAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bomin Jeon
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jonna L Morris
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Eileen R Chasens
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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8
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Hogan SE, Delgado GM, Hall MH, Nimgaonkar VL, Germain A, Buysse DJ, Wilckens KA. Slow-oscillation activity is reduced and high frequency activity is elevated in older adults with insomnia. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 16:1445-1454. [PMID: 32406371 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES High-frequency electroencephalographic activity (> 16 Hz activity) is often elevated during nonrapid eye movement sleep among individuals with insomnia, in line with the hyperarousal theory of insomnia. Evidence regarding sleep depth marked by slow-wave activity (< 4 Hz) is more mixed. Distinguishing subcomponents of slow-wave activity (slow-oscillation [< 1 Hz] or delta activity [1-4 Hz)]) may be critical in understanding these discrepancies, given that these oscillations have different neural generators and are functionally distinct. Here we tested the effects of insomnia diagnosis and insomnia treatment on nonrapid eye movement electroencephalography in older adults, distinguishing slow-oscillation and delta power. METHODS In 93 older adults with insomnia and 71 good sleeper control participants (mean ages 68 years), effects of insomnia and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (insomnia group only) on electroencephalographic spectral power were analyzed. Main effects and interactions with nonrapid eye movement period were assessed for the following frequency bands: slow-oscillation (0.5-1 Hz), delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), sigma (12-16 Hz), and beta (16-32 Hz). RESULTS Slow-oscillation absolute and relative power were lower in the insomnia group compared with controls. There were no group differences in delta power. Insomnia was also associated with elevated 4-32 Hz absolute and relative power. After cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, absolute sigma and beta activity decreased. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in slow-wave activity in insomnia are specific to the slow-oscillation. Elevated high frequency activity is reduced for sigma and beta power following cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia . These findings inform the pathophysiology of insomnia, including the mechanisms underlying cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Hogan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Martica H Hall
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Anne Germain
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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9
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Wilckens KA, Stillman CM, Waiwood AM, Kang C, Leckie RL, Peven JC, Foust JE, Fraundorf SH, Erickson KI. Exercise interventions preserve hippocampal volume: A meta-analysis. Hippocampus 2020; 31:335-347. [PMID: 33315276 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal volume is a marker of brain health and is reduced with aging and neurological disease. Exercise may be effective at increasing and preserving hippocampal volume, potentially serving as a treatment for conditions associated with hippocampal atrophy (e.g., dementia). This meta-analysis aimed to identify whether exercise training has a positive effect on hippocampal volume and how population characteristics and exercise parameters moderate this effect. Studies met the following criteria: (a) controlled trials; (b) interventions of physical exercise; (c) included at least one time-point of hippocampal volume data before the intervention and one after; (d) assessed hippocampal volume using either manual or automated segmentation algorithms. Animal studies, voxel-based morphometry analyses, and multi-modal interventions (e.g., cognitive training or meditation) were excluded. The primary analysis in n = 23 interventions from 22 published studies revealed a significant positive effect of exercise on total hippocampal volume. The overall effect was significant in older samples (65 years of age or older) and in interventions that lasted over 24 weeks and had less than 150 min per week of exercise. These findings suggest that moderate amounts of exercise for interventions greater than 6 months have a positive effect on hippocampal volume including in older populations vulnerable to hippocampal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chelsea M Stillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aashna M Waiwood
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chaeryon Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Regina L Leckie
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jamie C Peven
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jill E Foust
- Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott H Fraundorf
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lana M Chahine
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Wilckens KA, Kline CE, Bowman MA, Brindle RC, Cribbet MR, Thayer JF, Hall MH. Does objectively-assessed sleep moderate the association between history of major depressive disorder and task-switching? J Affect Disord 2020; 265:216-223. [PMID: 32090744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive function and psychomotor speed are consistently impaired in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Persistent cognitive impairments after depression remission are thought to reflect "scarring" from the neurotoxic effects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity during a depressive episode. As sleep also deteriorates with depression and restores daytime executive functions, we examined whether adequate sleep could be protective against task-switching and psychomotor impairments associated with a history of MDD. METHODS This cross-sectional study tested task-switching associations with MDD history, sleep, and their interaction to determine whether sleep continuity and sleep duration moderate the relationship between MDD history and task-switching performance. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, education, current depressive symptoms, and use of anti-depressants, a history of MDD, particularly recurrent MDD, was associated with slower response speed and disproportionately lower accuracy on repetition trials compared to switch trials, reflecting impaired adoption of a task-set. Regardless of MDD history, higher wake after sleep onset and shorter total sleep time were associated with slower response times, but neither sleep measure moderated the association between depression history and task-switching performance. LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional study cannot assess the causal direction of associations. One night of sleep in the laboratory was used to assess sleep and a single task-switching paradigm was used to assess executive function. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that longer, more continuous sleep is associated with greater psychomotor speed across healthy controls and those with a history of MDD, but MDD-task-switching associations are not mitigated by longer or more continuous sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3801 O'Hara Street E-1124, Pittsburgh 15213, PA, United States.
| | - Christopher E Kline
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Marissa A Bowman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryan C Brindle
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science & Neuroscience Program, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, United States
| | - Matthew R Cribbet
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3801 O'Hara Street E-1124, Pittsburgh 15213, PA, United States
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12
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Meshreky KM, Wood J, Chowdari KV, Hall MH, Wilckens KA, Yolken R, Buysse DJ, Nimgaonkar VL. Infection with Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and sleep: The dog that did not bark. Psychiatry Res 2019; 280:112502. [PMID: 31382180 PMCID: PMC7265549 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection with Herpes Simplex viruses (HSV) and other brain infections is consistently associated with cognitive impairment. These infections can also affect sleep. Thus, sleep abnormalities could explain the cognitive dysfunction. We investigated the association between sleep variables and persistent HSV-1, HSV-2, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii (Tox) infections. Sleep data were collected from older adults with or without insomnia (N = 311, total); a subset completed polysomnographic and actigraphy studies (N = 145). No significant associations were found between the infections and insomnia or the remaining sleep variables following corrections for multiple comparisons. Sleep dysfunction is unlikely to explain the infection-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kodavali V Chowdari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristine A. Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Laboratory of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel J. Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity benefits executive control, but the mechanism through which this benefit occurs is unclear. Sleep is a candidate mechanism given that it improves with exercise and has restorative effects on the prefrontal cortex. The present cross-sectional study examined the mediating role of sleep in the relationship between physical activity and executive control in young and older adults. PARTICIPANTS Young (n = 59) and older (n = 53) community-dwelling adults ages 21-30 and 55-80. METHODS Participants wore an accelerometer for one week to assess sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and physical activity, operationalized as metabolic equivalent of task (METs) during time spent awake. Cognition was assessed in the laboratory across multiple measures of executive control, memory recall, and processing speed. Mediation analyses tested the role of sleep efficiency in the cross-sectional relationship between METs and cognitive performance accounting for age, sex, and education. RESULTS METs were significantly associated with performance before, but not after accounting for covariates. METs were associated with sleep efficiency but not total sleep time. Sleep efficiency, but not total sleep time, mediated the relationship between METs and working memory, switching, verbal ability and fluency, and recall. Age group did not moderate the mediating role of sleep efficiency in the relationship between METs and performance. CONCLUSION Sleep efficiency is one pathway by which physical activity may be associated with executive control across young and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- b Department of Psychology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania
| | - Mark E Wheeler
- c School of Psychology , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia
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14
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Wilckens KA, Tudorascu DL, Snitz BE, Price JC, Aizenstein HJ, Lopez OL, Erickson KI, Lopresti BJ, Laymon CM, Minhas D, Mathis CA, Buysse DJ, Klunk WE, Cohen AD. Sleep moderates the relationship between amyloid beta and memory recall. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:142-148. [PMID: 30138767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, although Aβ alone may be insufficient to cause impairments. Modifiable health factors, including sleep, may mitigate functional symptoms of neurodegeneration. We assessed whether sleep moderated the relationship between Aβ and cognitive performance in 41 older adults, mean age 83 years. Sleep measures included actigraphy-assessed wake after sleep onset and total sleep time. Cognitive performance was assessed with memory recall, cognitive flexibility, and verbal fluency. Memory recall was assessed with the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure task, cognitive flexibility with the Trail Making test, and verbal fluency with FAS word generation. Aβ was assessed with a global measure of Pittsburgh Compound B. Wake after sleep onset moderated the relationship between Aβ and memory, with a stronger positive association for Aβ and forgetting in those with poorer sleep. These results suggest a possible protective role of sleep in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Dana L Tudorascu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beth E Snitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie C Price
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Howard J Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles M Laymon
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Davneet Minhas
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ann D Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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Wilckens KA, Ferrarelli F, Walker MP, Buysse DJ. Slow-Wave Activity Enhancement to Improve Cognition. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:470-482. [PMID: 29628198 PMCID: PMC6015540 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Slow-wave activity (SWA), and its coupling with other sleep features, reorganizes cortical circuitry, supporting cognition. This raises the question: can cognition be improved through SWA enhancement? SWA enhancement techniques range from behavioral interventions (such as exercise), which have high feasibility but low specificity, to laboratory-based techniques (such as transcranial stimulation), which have high specificity but are less feasible for widespread use. In this review we describe the pathways through which SWA is enhanced. Pathways encompass enhanced neural activity, increased energy metabolism, and endocrine signaling during wakefulness; also direct enhancement during sleep. We evaluate the robustness and practicality of SWA-enhancement techniques, discuss approaches for determining a causal role of SWA on cognition, and present questions to clarify the mechanisms of SWA-dependent cognitive improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Psychology, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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16
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Wilckens KA, Tudorascu D, Snitz BE, Price J, Aizenstein H, Lopez O, Erickson K, Lopresti B, Laymon C, Minhas D, Mathis C, Buysse D, Klunk W, Cohen AD. 1008 Sleep Efficiency Moderates The Relationship Between Beta-Amyloid And Memory Retention. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B E Snitz
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - J Price
- University of Pittsburgh, Charlestown, MA
| | | | - O Lopez
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - K Erickson
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - B Lopresti
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - C Laymon
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D Minhas
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - C Mathis
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D Buysse
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - W Klunk
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - A D Cohen
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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17
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Wilckens KA, Hall MH, Erickson KI, Germain A, Nimgaonkar VL, Monk TH, Buysse DJ. Task switching in older adults with and without insomnia. Sleep Med 2017; 30:113-120. [PMID: 28215233 PMCID: PMC5321623 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Task-switching deficits are common in older adults and in those with insomnia. Such deficits may be driven by difficulties with sleep continuity and dampened homeostatic sleep drive. OBJECTIVE To identify the aspects of task switching affected by insomnia and its treatment, and to determine whether such effects are associated with sleep continuity and homeostatic sleep drive. METHODS Polysomnographic sleep and task switching were tested in healthy older adults aged 60-93 years with insomnia (n = 48) and normal sleeping controls (n = 51). Assessments were repeated in the insomnia group after eight weeks of cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia. Sleep measures included wake after sleep onset (WASO) and quantitative indices of homeostatic sleep drive (delta power during nonrapid eye movement [NREM] sleep and the ratio of delta power during the first and second NREM periods). A cued task-switching paradigm instructed participants to perform one of two tasks with varying preparatory cue-target intervals, manipulating task alternation, task repetition, and task preparation. RESULTS The effect of preparatory cues on accuracy was diminished in the insomnia group compared with that in controls. Across the two groups, a stronger effect of preparatory cues was associated with a higher delta sleep ratio. Following insomnia treatment, task-repetition accuracy significantly improved. This improvement was associated with improvements in WASO. There were no group or treatment effects on response time or task alternation accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Effects of insomnia diagnosis and treatment apply to conditions that depend on the maintenance of a task set, rather than a domain general effect across task switching. Such effects are associated with homeostatic sleep drive and sleep continuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Anne Germain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Timothy H Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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18
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Kay DB, Karim HT, Soehner AM, Hasler BP, Wilckens KA, James JA, Aizenstein HJ, Price JC, Rosario BL, Kupfer DJ, Germain A, Hall MH, Franzen PL, Nofzinger EA, Buysse DJ. Sleep-Wake Differences in Relative Regional Cerebral Metabolic Rate for Glucose among Patients with Insomnia Compared with Good Sleepers. Sleep 2016; 39:1779-1794. [PMID: 27568812 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The neurobiological mechanisms of insomnia may involve altered patterns of activation across sleep-wake states in brain regions associated with cognition, self-referential processes, affect, and sleep-wake promotion. The objective of this study was to compare relative regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglc) in these brain regions across wake and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep states in patients with primary insomnia (PI) and good sleeper controls (GS). METHODS Participants included 44 PI and 40 GS matched for age (mean = 37 y old, range 21-60), sex, and race. We conducted [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography scans in PI and GS during both morning wakefulness and NREM sleep at night. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test for group (PI vs. GS) by state (wake vs. NREM sleep) interactions in relative rCMRglc. RESULTS Significant group-by-state interactions in relative rCMRglc were found in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, left middle frontal gyrus, left inferior/superior parietal lobules, left lingual/fusiform/occipital gyri, and right lingual gyrus. All clusters were significant at Pcorrected < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Insomnia was characterized by regional alterations in relative glucose metabolism across NREM sleep and wakefulness. Significant group-by-state interactions in relative rCMRglc suggest that insomnia is associated with impaired disengagement of brain regions involved in cognition (left frontoparietal), self-referential processes (precuneus/posterior cingulate), and affect (left middle frontal, fusiform/lingual gyri) during NREM sleep, or alternatively, to impaired engagement of these regions during wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Kay
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Helmet T Karim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adriane M Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jeffrey A James
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Howard J Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Julie C Price
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bedda L Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David J Kupfer
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anne Germain
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Peter L Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eric A Nofzinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Cerêve Inc. Oakmont, PA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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19
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Wilckens KA, Aizenstein HJ, Nofzinger EA, James JA, Hasler BP, Rosario-Rivera BL, Franzen PL, Germain A, Hall MH, Kupfer DJ, Price JC, Siegle GJ, Buysse DJ. The role of non-rapid eye movement slow-wave activity in prefrontal metabolism across young and middle-aged adults. J Sleep Res 2016; 25:296-306. [PMID: 26853796 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalographic slow-wave activity (0.5-4 Hz) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is a marker for cortical reorganization, particularly within the prefrontal cortex. Greater slow wave activity during sleep may promote greater waking prefrontal metabolic rate and, in turn, executive function. However, this process may be affected by age. Here we examined whether greater NREM slow wave activity was associated with higher prefrontal metabolism during wakefulness and whether this relationship interacted with age. Fifty-two participants aged 25-61 years were enrolled into studies that included polysomnography and a (18) [F]-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography scan during wakefulness. Absolute and relative measures of NREM slow wave activity were assessed. Semiquantitative and relative measures of cerebral metabolism were collected to assess whole brain and regional metabolism, focusing on two regions of interest: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex. Greater relative slow wave activity was associated with greater dorsolateral prefrontal metabolism. Age and slow wave activity interacted significantly in predicting semiquantitative whole brain metabolism and outside regions of interest in the posterior cingulate, middle temporal gyrus and the medial frontal gyrus, such that greater slow-wave activity was associated with lower metabolism in the younger participants and greater metabolism in the older participants. These results suggest that slow-wave activity is associated with cerebral metabolism during wakefulness across the adult lifespan within regions important for executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Howard J Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric A Nofzinger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A James
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bedda L Rosario-Rivera
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter L Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne Germain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David J Kupfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie C Price
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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20
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Abstract
The present study examined sleep features associated with cognition in older adults and examined whether sleep changes following insomnia treatment were associated with cognitive improvements. Polysomnography and cognition (recall, working memory, and reasoning) were assessed before and after an insomnia intervention (Brief Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia [BBTI] or information control [IC]) in 77 older adults with insomnia. Baseline wake-after-sleep-onset (WASO) was associated with recall. Greater NREM (nonrapid eye movement) delta power and lower NREM sigma power were associated with greater working memory and reasoning. The insomnia intervention did not improve performance. However, increased absolute delta power and decreased relative sigma power were associated with improved reasoning. Findings suggest that improvements in executive function may occur with changes in NREM architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , USA
| | - Martica H Hall
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , USA
| | - Robert D Nebes
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , USA
| | - Timothy H Monk
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , USA
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21
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Wilckens KA, Woo SG, Kirk AR, Erickson KI, Wheeler ME. Role of sleep continuity and total sleep time in executive function across the adult lifespan. Psychol Aging 2014; 29:658-65. [PMID: 25244484 DOI: 10.1037/a0037234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The importance of sleep for cognition in young adults is well established, but the role of habitual sleep behavior in cognition across the adult life span remains unknown. We examined the relationship between sleep continuity and total sleep time as assessed with a sleep-detection device, and cognitive performance using a battery of tasks in young (n = 59, mean age = 23.05) and older (n = 53, mean age = 62.68) adults. Across age groups, higher sleep continuity was associated with better cognitive performance. In the younger group, higher sleep continuity was associated with better working memory and inhibitory control. In the older group, higher sleep continuity was associated with better inhibitory control, memory recall, and verbal fluency. Very short and very long total sleep time was associated with poorer working memory and verbal fluency, specifically in the younger group. Total sleep time was not associated with cognitive performance in any domains for the older group. These findings reveal that sleep continuity is important for executive function in both young and older adults, but total sleep time may be more important for cognition in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah G Woo
- Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Afton R Kirk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Mark E Wheeler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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22
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Wilckens KA, Woo SG, Erickson KI, Wheeler ME. Sleep continuity and total sleep time are associated with task-switching and preparation in young and older adults. J Sleep Res 2014; 23:508-16. [PMID: 24697907 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with changes in sleep and decline executive functions, such as task-switching and task preparation. Given that sleep affects executive function, age-related changes in executive function may be attributable to changes in sleep. The present study used a sleep detection device to examine whether or not wake time after sleep onset and total sleep time moderated age differences in task-switching performance and participants' ability to reduce switch costs when given time to prepare. Participants were cognitively healthy [Mini Mental State Examination > 26] younger (n = 54; mean age = 22.9; 67.8% female) and older (n = 45; mean age 62.8; 71.1% female) adults. Using a task-switching paradigm, which manipulated preparation time, we found that smaller global switch costs were associated with lower wake time after sleep onset and longer total sleep time. Greater preparation effects on local switch costs and adoption of a task-set were associated with lower wake time after sleep onset, although this effect was significant only in older adults when stratified by age group. This association was independent of inhibition and working memory abilities. The lack of interactions between sleep and age group indicated that age differences in switch costs were not moderated by better sleep. Our results suggest that young and older adults may benefit similarly from lower wake time after sleep onset and longer total sleep time in overall performance, and individuals with less wake time after sleep onset are more likely to engage preparatory strategies to reduce switch costs and boost task-switching performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Leben
- Philosophy Department, University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown
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24
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Wilckens KA, Tremel JJ, Wolk DA, Wheeler ME. Effects of task-set adoption on ERP correlates of controlled and automatic recognition memory. Neuroimage 2011; 55:1384-92. [PMID: 21211568 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful memory retrieval depends not only on memory fidelity but also on the mental preparedness on the part of the subject. ERP studies of recognition memory have identified two topographically distinct ERP components, the FN400 old/new effect and the late posterior component (LPC) old/new effect, commonly associated with familiarity and recollection, respectively. Here we used a task-switching paradigm to examine the extent to which adoption of a retrieval task-set influences FN400 and LPC old/new effects, in light of the presumption that recollection, as a control process, relies on the adoption of a retrieval task-set, but that familiarity-based retrieval does not. Behavioral accuracy indicated that source memory (experiment 2), but not item recognition (experiment 1), improved with task-set adoption. ERP data demonstrated a larger LPC on stay trials when a task-set had been adopted even with a simple recognition memory judgment. We conclude that adopting a retrieval task-set impacts recollection memory but not familiarity. These data indicate that attentional state immediately prior to retrieval can influence objective measures of recollection memory.
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