Tannin-albumin particles as stable carriers of medicines

Background: The effectiveness of a drug is dependent on its accumulation at the site of therapeutic action, as well as its time in circulation. The aim of the research was the creation of stable albumin/tannin (punicalagin, punicalin) particles, which might serve for the delivery of medicines. Methods: Numerous chromatographic and analytical methods, docking analyses and in vivo testing were applied and used. Results: Stable tannin-albumin/medicine particles with a diameter of ∼100 nm were obtained. The results of in vivo experiments proved that tannin-albumin particles are more stable than albumin particles. Conclusion: Based on the experiments and docking analyses, these stable particles can carry an extended number of medicines, with diverse chemical structures.

Albumin Treatment Reduces Neurological Deficit and Protects Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity After Acute Intracortical Hematoma in the Rat

Background and Purpose— Acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common and severe form of stroke. To date, medical management of ICH has had scant impact on morbidity and mortality. Because albumin therapy is markedly neuroprotective in preclinical models of ischemic stroke, and because ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke share several common injury mechanisms, we hypothesized that albumin therapy might also benefit ICH.

Methods— Acute intracortical hematoma was produced in anesthetized, normothermic rats by the single stereotaxic injection of 50 μL of autologous, nonheparinized whole blood over 5 minutes. Separate animal groups were treated either with 25% human albumin, 1.25 g/kg, or with intravenous saline vehicle at 60 minutes after ICH. Neurobehavior was quantified sequentially over the next 2 to 7 days. Damage to the blood–brain barrier was assessed at 2 days after ICH by fluorometric measurement of Evans blue extravasation in dissected brain regions.

Results— High-grade neurological deficits were present in all rats at 50 minutes after ICH (score 10.3±0.2, mean±SEM [maximal score 12]). Albumin-treated rats showed improved neuroscores relative to saline-treated animals beginning within hours of treatment and persisting throughout the 7-day survival period. At 3 and 7 days, mean total neuroscores of the albumin group were 38% to 43% lower than in saline-treated animals. Perihematomal Evans blue discoloration was readily evident in saline-treated ICH rats but was reduced by albumin treatment. Hemispheric Evans blue content ipsilateral to the hematoma was reduced by 49% by albumin treatment (albumin 93.9±13.3 versus saline 184.7±33.7 mg/g, P <0.05). Hematoma volume and brain swelling were not affected by albumin treatment.

Conclusions— Prompt albumin therapy improves neurological function and blood–brain barrier integrity after acute intracortical hematoma. These observations have important potential clinical implications.