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Peeters M, Barrera Jiménez AA, Matsunami K, Van Hauwermeiren D, Stauffer F, Arnfast L, Vigh T, Nopens I, De Beer T. Exploring the effect of raw material properties on continuous twin-screw wet granulation manufacturability. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123391. [PMID: 37696346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Twin-screw wet granulation (TSWG) stands out as a promising continuous alternative to conventional batch fluid bed- and high shear wet granulation techniques. Despite its potential, the impact of raw material properties on TSWG processability remains inadequately explored. Furthermore, the absence of supportive models for TSWG process development with new active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) adds to the challenge. This study tackles these gaps by introducing four partial least squares (PLS) models that approximate both the applicable liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio range and resulting granule attributes (i.e., granule size and friability) based on initial material properties. The first two PLS models link the lowest and highest applicable L/S ratio for TSWG, respectively, with the formulation blend properties. The third and fourth PLS models predict the granule size and friability, respectively, from the starting API properties and applied L/S ratio for twin-screw wet granulation. By analysing the developed PLS models, water-related material properties (e.g., solubility, wettability, dissolution rate), as well as density and flow-related properties (e.g., flow function coefficient), were found to be impacting the TSWG processability. In addition, the applicability of the developed PLS models was evaluated by using them to propose suitable L/S ratio ranges (i.e., resulting in granules with the desired properties) for three new APIs and related formulations followed by an experimental validation thereof. Overall, this study helped to better understand the effect of raw material properties upon TSWG processability. Moreover, the developed PLS models can be used to propose suitable TSWG process settings for new APIs and hence reduce the experimental effort during process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Peeters
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Ana Alejandra Barrera Jiménez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Kensaku Matsunami
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium.
| | - Daan Van Hauwermeiren
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Fanny Stauffer
- Product Design & Performance, UCB, Braine l'Alleud 1420, Belgium
| | - Lærke Arnfast
- Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen R&D, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Tamas Vigh
- Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen R&D, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Ingmar Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
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Aho J, Bøtker JP, Genina N, Edinger M, Arnfast L, Rantanen J. Roadmap to 3D-Printed Oral Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Feedstock Filament Properties and Characterization for Fused Deposition Modeling. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:26-35. [PMID: 30445005 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Application of additive manufacturing techniques (3D printing) for mass-customized products has boomed in the recent years. In pharmaceutical industry and research, the interest has grown particularly with the future scenario of more personalized medicinal products. Understanding a broad range of material properties and process behavior of the drug-excipient combinations is necessary for successful 3D printing of dosage forms. This commentary reviews recent 3D-printing studies by fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique in pharmaceutical sciences, extending into the fields of polymer processing and rapid prototyping, where more in-depth studies on the feedstock material properties, modeling, and simulation of the FDM process have been performed. A case study of a model oral dosage form from custom-prepared indomethacin-polycaprolactone feedstock filament was used as an example in the pharmaceutical context. The printability was assessed in the different process steps: preparation of customized filaments for FDM, filament feeding, deposition, and solidification. These were linked with the rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties and their characterization, relevant for understanding the printability of drug products by FDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Aho
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Peter Bøtker
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalja Genina
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus Edinger
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Arnfast
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Arnfast L, Kamruzzaman M, Löbmann K, Aho J, Baldursdottir S, Rades T, Rantanen J. Melt Extrusion of High-Dose Co-Amorphous Drug-Drug Combinations : Theme: Formulation and Manufacturing of Solid Dosage Forms Guest Editors: Tony Zhou and Tonglei Li. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2689-2697. [PMID: 28929263 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many future drug products will be based on innovative manufacturing solutions, which will increase the need for a thorough understanding of the interplay between drug material properties and processability. In this study, hot melt extrusion of a drug-drug mixture with minimal amount of polymeric excipient was investigated. METHODS Using indomethacin-cimetidine as a model drug-drug system, processability of physical mixtures with and without 5% (w/w) of polyethylene oxide (PEO) were studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Small Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (SAOS) rheometry. Extrudates containing a co-amorphous glass solution were produced and the solid-state composition of these was studied with DSC. RESULTS Rheological analysis indicated that the studied systems display viscosities higher than expected for small molecule melts and addition of PEO decreased the viscosity of the melt. Extrudates of indomethacin-cimetidine alone displayed amorphous-amorphous phase separation after 4 weeks of storage, whereas no phase separation was observed during the 16 week storage of the indomethacin-cimetidine extrudates containing 5% (w/w) PEO. CONCLUSIONS Melt extrusion of co-amorphous extrudates with low amounts of polymer was found to be a feasible manufacturing technique. Addition of 5% (w/w) polymer reduced melt viscosity and prevented phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lærke Arnfast
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark
| | - Md Kamruzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark
| | - Johanna Aho
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark
| | - Stefania Baldursdottir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, -2100, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark.
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Bohr A, Water JJ, Wang Y, Arnfast L, Beck-Broichsitter M. Potential of surface-eroding poly(ethylene carbonate) for drug delivery to macrophages. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:814-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Boetker J, Water JJ, Aho J, Arnfast L, Bohr A, Rantanen J. Modifying release characteristics from 3D printed drug-eluting products. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 90:47-52. [PMID: 26987609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This work describes an approach to modify the release of active compound from a 3D printed model drug product geometry intended for flexible dosing and precision medication. The production of novel polylactic acid and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based feed materials containing nitrofurantoin for 3D printing purposes is demonstrated. Nitrofurantoin, Metolose® and polylactic acid were successfully co-extruded with up to 40% Metolose® content, and subsequently 3D printed into model disk geometries (ø10mm, h=2mm). Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry and solid phase identification with Raman spectroscopy showed that nitrofurantoin remained in its original solid form during both hot-melt extrusion and subsequent 3D printing. Rheological measurements of the different compositions showed that the flow properties were sensitive to the amount of undissolved particles present in the formulation. Release of nitrofurantoin from the disks was dependent on Metolose® loading, with higher accumulated release observed for higher Metolose® loads. This work shows the potential of custom-made, drug loaded feed materials for 3D printing of precision drug products with tailored drug release characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Boetker
- Section for Pharmaceutical Technology and Engineering, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorrit Jeroen Water
- Section for Pharmaceutical Technology and Engineering, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanna Aho
- Section for Pharmaceutical Technology and Engineering, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Arnfast
- Section for Pharmaceutical Technology and Engineering, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Bohr
- Section for Pharmaceutical Technology and Engineering, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Section for Pharmaceutical Technology and Engineering, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Boetker JP, Rantanen J, Arnfast L, Doreth M, Raijada D, Loebmann K, Madsen C, Khan J, Rades T, Müllertz A, Hawley A, Thomas D, Boyd BJ. Anhydrate to hydrate solid-state transformations of carbamazepine and nitrofurantoin in biorelevant media studied in situ using time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 100:119-27. [PMID: 26774635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of the solid-state form of a drug compound in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract may alter the drug bioavailability and in extreme cases result in patient fatalities. The solution-mediated anhydrate-to-hydrate phase transformation was examined using an in vitro model with different biorelevant media, simulated fasted and fed state intestinal fluids containing bile salt and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) micelles, DOPC/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mixture, bile salt solution and water. Two anhydrate compounds (carbamazepine, CBZ and nitrofurantoin, NF) with different overall transformation time into hydrate form were used as model compounds. The transformations were monitored using direct structural information from time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The kinetics of these transformations were estimated using multivariate data analysis (principal component analysis, PCA) and compared to those for nitrofurantoin (NF). The study showed that the solution-mediated phase transformation of CBZ anhydrate was remarkably faster in the DOPC/SDS medium compared to transformation in all the other aqueous dispersion media. The conversion time for CBZ anhydrate in water was shorter than for DOPC/SDS but still faster than the conversion seen in fed and fasted state micellar media. The conversion of CBZ anhydrate to hydrate was the slowest in the solution containing bile salt alone. In contrast, the solution-mediated phase transformations of NF did only show limited kinetic dependence on the dispersion media used, indicating the complexity of the nucleation process. Furthermore, when the CBZ and NF material was compacted into tablets the transformation times were remarkably slower. Results suggest that variations in the composition of the contents of the stomach/gut may affect the recrystallization kinetics, especially when investigating compounds with relatively fast overall transformation time, such as CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan P Boetker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Arnfast
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Doreth
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dhara Raijada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Loebmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Madsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jamal Khan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adrian Hawley
- SAXS/WAXS Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Diana Thomas
- MAX IV Laboratory/Lund University, Ole Römers väg 1, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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