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da Silva VF, Gayger-Dias V, da Silva RS, Sobottka TM, Cigerce A, Lissner LJ, Wartchow KM, Rodrigues L, Zanotto C, Fróes FCTDS, Seady M, Quincozes-Santos A, Gonçalves CA. Calorie restriction protects against acute systemic LPS-induced inflammation. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38386276 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2316448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) has been proposed as a nutritional strategy to combat chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, as well as to delay aging. However, despite the benefits of CR, questions remain about its underlying mechanisms and cellular and molecular targets.Objective: As inflammatory processes are the basis or accompany chronic diseases and aging, we investigated the protective role of CR in the event of an acute inflammatory stimulus.Methods: Peripheral inflammatory and metabolic parameters were evaluated in Wistar rats following CR and/or acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, as well as glial changes (microglia and astrocytes), in two regions of the brain (hippocampus and hypothalamus) involved in the inflammatory response. We used a protocol of 30% CR, for 4 or 8 weeks. Serum and brain parameters were analyzed by biochemical or immunological assays.Results: Benefits of CR were observed during the inflammatory challenge, where the partial reduction of serum interleukin-6, mediated by CR, attenuated the systemic response. In the central nervous system (CNS), specifically in the hippocampus, CR attenuated the response to the LPS, as evaluated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) levels. Furthermore, in the hippocampus, CR increased the glutathione (GSH) levels, resulting in a better antioxidant response.Discussion: This study contributes to the understanding of the effects of CR, particularly in the CNS, and expands knowledge about glial cells, emphasizing their importance in neuroprotection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa-Fernanda da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vitor Gayger-Dias
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Sampaio da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thomas Michel Sobottka
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anderson Cigerce
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lílian Juliana Lissner
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia "Vittorio Erspamer", Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome
| | - Krista Minéia Wartchow
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Letícia Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Zanotto
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Seady
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Lissner LJ, Wartchow KM, Toniazzo AP, Gonçalves CA, Rodrigues L. Object recognition and Morris water maze to detect cognitive impairment from mild hippocampal damage in rats: A reflection based on the literature and experience. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 210:173273. [PMID: 34536480 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Object recognition (OR) and the Morris water maze (MWM) are classical tasks widely used to assess memory parameters and deficits in rodents. Learning processes in both tasks involve integrity of the hippocampus and associated regions, and prefrontal cortex connections. Here, we highlight the idea that these classical tests can be used to indicate memory deficits caused by models of disease that affect hippocampal function in rats, and identify some practical issues of OR and MWM, based on the literature and our experience. Additionally, we have shown that the performance of both tasks does not alter blood levels of corticosterone, considering exposure to a single task. Hence, taking into consideration the difficulties and care required during task execution, the infrastructure needed and the training of the experimenter, we suggest that OR and its variations offer minimal manageable stressful conditions, representing an effective and practical tool for hippocampal-related memory assessment of rats. Thus, OR may provide similar information to that of the MWM, despite controversy regarding hippocampus participation in OR and given due differences in the types of memory evaluated and researchers' objectives. We recommend the observation of some important precautions and details, also based on the literature and our own experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Juliana Lissner
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Krista Minéia Wartchow
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Toniazzo
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leticia Rodrigues
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Lissner LJ, Rodrigues L, Wartchow KM, Borba E, Bobermin LD, Fontella FU, Hansen F, Quincozes-Santos A, Souza DOG, Gonçalves CA. Short-Term Alterations in Behavior and Astroglial Function After Intracerebroventricular Infusion of Methylglyoxal in Rats. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:183-196. [PMID: 33095439 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a by-product of glycolysis. In pathological conditions, particularly diabetes mellitus, this molecule is unbalanced, causing widespread protein glycation. In addition to protein glycation, other effects resulting from high levels of MG in the central nervous system may involve the direct modulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, with evidence suggesting that the effects of MG may be related to behavioral changes and glial dysfunction. In order to evaluate the direct influence of MG on behavioral and biochemical parameters, we used a high intracerebroventricular final concentration (3 μM/μL) to assess acute effects on memory and locomotor behavior in rats, as well as the underlying alterations in glutamatergic and astroglial parameters. MG induced, 12 h after injection, a decrease in locomotor activity in the Open field and anxiolytic effects in rats submitted to elevated plus-maze. Subsequently, 36 h after surgery, MG injection also induced cognitive impairment in both short and long-term memory, as evaluated by novel object recognition task, and in short-term spatial memory, as evaluated by the Y-maze test. In addition, hippocampal glutamate uptake decreased and glutamine synthetase activity and glutathione levels diminished during seventy-two hours after infusion of MG. Interestingly, the astrocytic protein, S100B, was increased in the cerebrospinal fluid, accompanied by decreased hippocampal S100B mRNA expression, without any change in protein content. Taken together, these results may improve our understanding of how this product of glucose metabolism can induce the brain dysfunction observed in diabetic patients, as well as in other neurodegenerative conditions, and further defines the role of astrocytes in disease and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Juliana Lissner
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Leticia Rodrigues
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Krista Minéia Wartchow
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Ederson Borba
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Urruth Fontella
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Hansen
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Post-Graduate Program, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Gomes Souza
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil.
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Wartchow KM, Rodrigues L, Lissner LJ, Federhen BC, Selistre NG, Moreira A, Gonçalves CA, Sesterheim P. Insulin-producing cells from mesenchymal stromal cells: Protection against cognitive impairment in diabetic rats depends upon implant site. Life Sci 2020; 251:117587. [PMID: 32224027 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious public health problem and can cause long-term damage to the brain, resulting in cognitive impairment in these patients. Insulin therapy for type 1 DM (DM1) can achieve overall blood glucose control, but glycemic variations can occur during injection intervals, which may contribute to some complications. Among the additional therapies available for DM1 treatment is the implantation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) to attenuate hyperglycemia and even reverse diabetes. Here, we studied the strategy of implanting IPCs obtained from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from adipose tissue, comparing two different IPC implant sites, subcapsular renal (SR) and subcutaneous (SC), to investigate their putative protection against hippocampal damage, induced by STZ, in a rat DM1 model. Both implants improved hyperglycemia and reduced the serum content of advanced-glycated end products in diabetic rats, but serum insulin was not observed in the SC group. The SC-implanted group demonstrated ameliorated cognitive impairment (evaluated by novel object recognition) and modulation of hippocampal astroglial reactivity (evaluated by S100B and GFAP). Using GFP+ cell implants, the survival of cells at the implant sites was confirmed, as well as their migration to the pancreas and hippocampus. The presence of undifferentiated MSCs in our IPC preparation may explain the peripheral reduction in AGEs and subsequent cognitive impairment recovery, mediated by autophagic depuration and immunomodulation at the hippocampus, respectively. Together, these data reinforce the importance of MSCs for use in neuroprotective strategies, and highlight the logistic importance of the subcutaneous route for their administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Minéia Wartchow
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leticia Rodrigues
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lílian Juliana Lissner
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Barbara Carolina Federhen
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Guerini Selistre
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Moreira
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Sesterheim
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, Experimental Center, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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