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Leonetti A, Verzè M, Minari R, Perrone F, Gnetti L, Bordi P, Pluchino M, Nizzoli R, Azzoni C, Bottarelli L, Lagrasta CAM, Mazzaschi G, Buti S, Gasparro D, Cosenza A, Ferri L, Majori M, De Filippo M, Ampollini L, La Monica S, Alfieri R, Silini EM, Tiseo M. Resistance to osimertinib in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC: a prospective study of molecular genotyping on tissue and liquid biopsies. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:135-142. [PMID: 37938348 PMCID: PMC10781773 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to osimertinib in advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes a significant challenge for clinicians either in terms of molecular diagnosis and subsequent therapeutic implications. METHODS This is a prospective single-centre study with the primary objective of characterising resistance mechanisms to osimertinib in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients treated both in first- and in second-line. Next-Generation Sequencing analysis was conducted on paired tissue biopsies and plasma samples. A concordance analysis between tissue and plasma was performed. RESULTS Sixty-five advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib in first- (n = 56) or in second-line (n = 9) were included. We managed to perform tissue and liquid biopsies in 65.5% and 89.7% of patients who experienced osimertinib progression, respectively. Acquired resistance mechanisms were identified in 80% of 25 patients with post-progression samples, with MET amplification (n = 8), EGFR C797S (n = 3), and SCLC transformation (n = 2) the most frequently identified. The mean concordance rates between tissue and plasma for the EGFR activating mutation and for the molecular resistance mechanisms were 87.5% and 22.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Resistance to osimertinib demonstrated to be highly heterogeneous, with MET amplification the main mechanism. Plasma genotyping is a relevant complementary tool which might integrate tissue analysis for the study of resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leonetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M Verzè
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - R Minari
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - F Perrone
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Gnetti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - P Bordi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M Pluchino
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - R Nizzoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - C Azzoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Bottarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - C A M Lagrasta
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Mazzaschi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Buti
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - D Gasparro
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A Cosenza
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Ferri
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M Majori
- Pulmonology & Thoracic Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M De Filippo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Radiology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Ampollini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S La Monica
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - R Alfieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - E M Silini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M Tiseo
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Minari R, Valentini S, Madeddu D, Cavazzoni A, La Monica S, Lagrasta C, Bertorelli R, De Sanctis V, Fassan P, Azzoni C, Bottarelli L, Frati C, Gnetti L, Facchinetti F, Petronini P, Alfieri R, Romanel A, Tiseo M. YES1 and MYC amplifications as synergistic resistance mechanisms to different generation ALK-TKIs in advanced NSCLC: brief report of clinical and preclinical proofs. JTO Clin Res Rep 2022; 3:100278. [PMID: 35199053 PMCID: PMC8851257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard treatment for advanced ALK-positive NSCLC. Nevertheless, drug resistance inevitably occurs. Here, we report a case of a patient with metastatic ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma with an impressive resistance to sequential treatment with ALK TKIs mediated by YES1 and MYC amplification in a contest of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and high progressive chromosomal instability. Methods The patient received, after chemotherapy and 7 months of crizotinib, brigatinib and lorlatinib with no clinical benefit to both treatments. A study of resistance mechanisms was performed with whole exome sequencing on different biological samples; primary cell lines were established from pleural effusion after lorlatinib progression. Results At whole exome sequencing analysis, YES1 and MYC amplifications were observed both in the pericardial biopsy and the pleural effusion samples collected at brigatinib and lorlatinib progression, respectively. Increasing chromosomal instability from diagnostic biopsy to pleural effusion was also observed. The addition of dasatinib to brigatinib or lorlatinib restored the sensitivity in primary cell lines; data were confirmed also in H3122_ALK-positive model overexpressing both YES1 and MYC. Conclusions In conclusion, YES1 and MYC amplifications are candidates to justify a rapid acquired resistance to crizotinib entailing primary brigatinib and lorlatinib resistance. In this context, a combination strategy of ALK TKI with dasatinib could be effective to overcome a rapid resistance.
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Milanese G, Maddalo M, Leo L, Lecchini M, Bottarelli L, Gnetti L, Campanini N, Pedrazzi G, Azzoni C, Bozzetti C, Zavani A, Caruana P, Silini E, Sverzellati N, Negri F. 452P Predicting response to bevacizumab in colorectal cancer by integrating radiomics to clinical and genomic features. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Gnetti L, Negri F, Bottarelli L, Campanini N, Negru M, Bergamo F, Frisinghelli M, Chiaulon G, Tagliagambe A, Morabito A, Smiroldo V, Vita G, Tamberi S, Cordio S, Silini E, Azzoni C, Gaiani F, G.L. de’Angelis, Boni L, Aschele C. 1802MO Influence of preoperative chemoradiation on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in locally advanced rectal cancer: The STAR-01 cohort. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Negri F, Gnetti L, Bottarelli L, Campanini N, Bergamo F, Siena S, Frisinghelli M, Petric M, Chiaulon G, Mosconi S, Gelsomino F, Azzoni C, Silini E, Gaiani F, de Angelis G, Leonardi F, Aschele C. 426P Impact of preoperative chemoradiotherapy on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in locally advanced rectal cancer: The SMART-STAR study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bersanelli M, Gnetti L, Azzoni C, Bottarelli L, Gasparro D, Leonardi F, Silini E, Buti S. LOH as “the missing instability” potentially underlying the tumor immunogenicity: On the trails of a correlation between fractional allelic loss and response to nivolumab in renal cancer. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw525.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Negri F, Bozzetti C, Azzoni C, Bottarelli L, Squadrilli A, Pedrazzi G, Lagrasta C, Tamagnini I, Bisagni A, Porzio R, Tomasello G, Leonardi F, Pinto C, Ardizzoni A, Sala R, Quaini F. P-027 Cancer stem cells marker CD44 and Notch activation predict unfavorable prognosis in metastatic colon cancer patients treated with anti VEGF-therapy. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw199.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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De Giorgi A, Negri F, Silini E, Sgargi P, Gilli A, Michiara M, Azzoni C, Bottarelli L, Pinto C. Histological subtype analysis of colon cancer: a population-based study. Is mucinous carcinoma a different disease? What clinical dilemma. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv340.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sarli L, Bottarelli L, Azzoni C, DiCola G, Barilli AL, Costi R, Mazzeo A, Salvemini C, Porrini C, Cecchini S, Taglia M, Roncoroni L, Borghi C. Two Subtypes of Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Colorectum: Clinicopathological and Genetic Features. Ann Surg Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-008-9950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pizzi S, Azzoni C, Bottarelli L, Campanini N, D'Adda T, Pasquali C, Rossi G, Rindi G, Bordi C. RASSF1A promoter methylation and 3p21.3 loss of heterozygosity are features of foregut, but not midgut and hindgut, malignant endocrine tumours. J Pathol 2005; 206:409-16. [PMID: 15887288 DOI: 10.1002/path.1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Ras-association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) tumour suppressor gene is inactivated in a variety of solid tumours, usually by epigenetic silencing of the promoter and/or allelic loss of its locus at 3p21.3. RASSF1A induces cell cycle arrest through inhibition of cyclin D1 accumulation. In this work, 62 endocrine tumours from different sites in the gut were investigated for methylation of the RASSF1A promoter using the polymerase chain reaction, the presence of 3p21.3 deletions by loss of heterozygosity analysis, and cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Methylation was found in 20/62 (32%) cases and was restricted to foregut tumours; deletion at 3p21.3 was found in 15/58 (26%) informative cases and restricted to malignant foregut tumours; cyclin D1 hyper-expression was found in 31/58 (53%) cases and correlated with RASSF1A methylation. Our data suggest that RASSF1A is involved in the development of endocrine tumours derived from the foregut only, and that the presence of both RASSF1A methylation and 3p21.3 deletion is associated with malignancy. These results may provide a rationale for foregut-targeted therapy for aggressive endocrine carcinomas entailing the use of demethylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pizzi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Abstract
The most peculiar transcriptional property of eukaryotic tRNA genes, as well as of other genes served by RNA polymerase III, is their complete dependence on the intragenic interaction platform provided by transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) for the productive assembly of the TBP-containing initiation factor TFIIIB. The sole exception, in yeast, is the U6 RNA gene, which is able to exploit a TATAAATA element, 30 bp upstream of the transcription start site, for the TFIIIC-independent assembly of TFIIIB. To find out whether this extragenic core promoter organization and autonomous TFIIIB assembly capacity are unique features of the U6 gene or also apply to other genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III, we scanned the 5'-flanking regions (up to position -100) of the entire tRNA gene set of Saccharomyces cerevisiae searching for U6-like TATA motifs. Four tRNA genes harboring such a sequence motif around position -30 were identified and found to be transcribed in vitro by a minimal system only composed of TFIIIB and RNA polymerase III. In this system, start site selection is not at all affected by the absence of TFIIIC, which, when added, significantly stimulates transcription by determining an increase in the number, rather than in the efficiency of utilization, of productive initiation complexes. A specific TBP-TATA element interaction is absolutely required for TFIIIC-independent transcription, but the nearby sequence context also contributes to the efficiency of autonomous TFIIIB assembly. The existence of a TFIIIB assembly pathway leading to the faithful transcription of natural eukaryotic tRNA genes in the absence of TFIIIC provides novel insights into the functional flexibility of the eukaryotic tRNA gene transcription machinery and on its evolution from an ancestral RNA polymerase III system relying on upstream, TATA- centered control elements.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Fungal/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal/genetics
- Gene Frequency/genetics
- Genes, Fungal/genetics
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Kinetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation/genetics
- RNA Polymerase III/metabolism
- RNA, Fungal/analysis
- RNA, Fungal/biosynthesis
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Small Nuclear/genetics
- RNA, Transfer/analysis
- RNA, Transfer/biosynthesis
- RNA, Transfer/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
- TATA Box/genetics
- TATA-Box Binding Protein
- Templates, Genetic
- Transcription Factor TFIIIB
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription Factors, TFIII/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dieci
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, I-43100, Italy.
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Abstract
Structural studies of eukaryotic ribosomes are complicated by the tendency of their constituent proteins to be expressed at very low levels in Escherichia coli. We find that this is mainly due to their exceptionally high content of AGA/AGG arginine codons, which are poorly utilized by the bacterial translational machinery. In fact, we could overcome this limitation by the combined use of a T7 RNA polymerase expression vector and a plasmid carrying the E. coli gene argU, which encodes the minor tRNA(Arg) species that reads AGA/AGG codons. In this system, five cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins from three different eukaryotic lineages (Saccharomyces cerevisiae S8, L13, and L14; Arabidopsis thaliana L13; and Homo sapiens L7) could be overexpressed to up to 50% of total bacterial protein and were purified to homogeneity in tens of milligrams amounts. The purification procedure simply involved metal affinity chromatography followed, in some cases, by an additional heparin chromatography step. Recombinant polypeptides bound RNA with high affinity (K(d) between 50 and 300 nM). This novel overexpression/purification strategy will allow the production of high amounts of most eukaryotic ribosomal proteins in a form suitable for structural and functional studies. Coupled with recently completed and ongoing whole-genome sequencing projects, it will facilitate the molecular characterization of the eukaryotic ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dieci
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, I-43100, Italy
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