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Zuurveld M, Diks MAP, Kiliaan PCJ, Garssen J, Folkerts G, van’t Land B, Willemsen LEM. Butyrate interacts with the effects of 2'FL and 3FL to modulate in vitro ovalbumin-induced immune activation, and 2'FL lowers mucosal mast cell activation in a preclinical model for hen's egg allergy. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1305833. [PMID: 38174112 PMCID: PMC10762782 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1305833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early life provides a window of opportunity to prevent allergic diseases. With a prevalence of 0.5-2% in infants, hen's egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies. The immunomodulatory effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL), and 3-fucosyllactose (3FL) were studied in an in vitro mucosal immune model and an in vivo murine model for hen's egg (ovalbumin) allergy. Methods Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)/dendritic cell (DC) and DC/T cell cocultures were used to expose IECs to ovalbumin (OVA) in an in vitro mucosal immune model. The effects of epithelial pre-incubation with 0.1% 2'FL or 3FL and/or 0.5 mM butyrate were studied. Three- to four-weeks-old female C3H/HeOuJ mice were fed AIN93G diets containing 0.1-0.5% 2'FL or 3FL 2 weeks before and during OVA sensitization and challenge. Allergic symptoms and systemic and local immune parameters were assessed. Results Exposing IECs to butyrate in vitro left the IEC/DC/T cell cross-talk unaffected, while 2'FL and 3FL showed differential immunomodulatory effects. In 3FL exposed IEC-DC-T cells, the secretion of IFNγ and IL10 was enhanced. This was observed upon pre-incubation of IECs with 2'FL and butyrate as well, but not 2'FL alone. The presence of butyrate did not affect OVA activation, but when combined with 3FL, an increase in IL6 release from DCs was observed (p < 0.001). OVA allergic mice receiving 0.5% 3FL diet had a lower %Th2 cells in MLNs, but the humoral response was unaltered compared to control mice. OVA-allergic mice receiving 0.1 or 0.5% 2'FL diets had lower serum levels of OVA-IgG2a (p < 0.05) or the mast cell marker mMCP1, in association with increased concentration of cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (p < 0.05). Conclusion In vitro butyrate exposure promotes the development of a downstream type 1 and regulatory response observed after 2'FL exposure. 2'FL and 3FL differentially modulate ovalbumin-induced mucosal inflammation predominantly independent of butyrate. Mice receiving dietary 3FL during ovalbumin sensitization and challenge had lowered Th2 activation while the frequency of Treg cells was enhanced. By contrast, 2'FL improved the humoral immune response and suppressed mast cell activation in association with increased SCFAs production in the murine model for hen's egg allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Zuurveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M. A. P. Diks
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - P. C. J. Kiliaan
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J. Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research B.V, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - G. Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - B. van’t Land
- Danone Nutricia Research B.V, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - L. E. M. Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Mukherjee R, van de Kaa M, Garssen J, Pieters RJ, Kraneveld AD, Willemsen LEM. Lactulose synergizes with CpG-ODN to modulate epithelial and immune cells cross talk. Food Funct 2019; 10:33-37. [PMID: 30632580 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lactulose, a non-digestible oligosaccharide and functional food, promotes Bifidobacteria growth. Here we show that lactulose, beyond its prebiotic action, may have direct immunomodulatory effects as well. In synergy with CpG-ODN, a bacterial DNA mimetic, lactulose enhances basolateral concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-10, and galectin-9 in the co-culture model of epithelial and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mukherjee
- Division of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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Hayen SM, Ehlers AM, den Hartog Jager CF, Garssen J, Knol EF, Knulst AC, Suer W, Willemsen LEM, Otten HG. 2S protein Ara h 7.0201 has unique epitopes compared to other Ara h 7 isoforms and is comparable to 2S proteins Ara h 2 and 6 in basophil degranulation capacity. Clin Exp Allergy 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Hayen
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - A. M. Ehlers
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - C. F. den Hartog Jager
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - J. Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Immunology; Nutricia Research; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - E. F. Knol
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - A. C. Knulst
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - L. E. M. Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - H. G. Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
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Verheijden KAT, Willemsen LEM, Braber S, Leusink-Muis T, Jeurink PV, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD, Folkerts G. The development of allergic inflammation in a murine house dust mite asthma model is suppressed by synbiotic mixtures of non-digestible oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1141-51. [PMID: 26003185 PMCID: PMC4819948 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The incidence and severity of allergic asthma is rising, and novel strategies to prevent or treat this disease are needed. This study investigated the effects of different mixtures of non-digestible oligosaccharides combined with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V (BB) on the development of allergic airway inflammation in an animal model for house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma. Methods BALB/c mice were sensitized intranasally (i.n.) with HDM and subsequently challenged (i.n.) with PBS or HDM while being fed diets containing different oligosaccharide mixtures in combination with BB or an isocaloric identical control diet. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) inflammatory cell influx, chemokine and cytokine concentrations in lung homogenates and supernatants of ex vivo HDM-restimulated lung cells were analyzed. Results The HDM-induced influx of eosinophils and lymphocytes was reduced by the diet containing the short-chain and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides and BB (FFBB). In addition to the HDM-induced cell influx, concentrations of IL-33, CCL17, CCL22, IL-6, IL-13 and IL-5 were increased in supernatants of lung homogenates or BALF and IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-10 were increased in restimulated lung cell suspensions of HDM-allergic mice. The diet containing FFBB reduced IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 concentrations, whereas the combination of galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides with BB was less potent in this model. Conclusion These findings show that synbiotic dietary supplementation can affect respiratory allergic inflammation induced by HDM. The combination of FFBB was most effective in the prevention of HDM-induced airway inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A T Verheijden
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - L E M Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Braber
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Leusink-Muis
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P V Jeurink
- Nutricia Research, Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Nutricia Research, Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Dhawan S, Hiemstra IH, Verseijden C, Hilbers FW, te Velde AA, Willemsen LEM, Stap J, den Haan JM, de Jonge WJ. Cholinergic receptor activation on epithelia protects against cytokine-induced barrier dysfunction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:846-59. [PMID: 25683465 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Various types of cholinergic receptors are expressed on intestinal epithelia. Their function is not completely understood. We hypothesize that cholinergic receptor activation on epithelium may serve a protective function in cytokine-induced barrier dysfunction. METHODS The effect of cholinergic receptor activation on cellular barrier function in epithelial cells was assessed by measuring electrical impedance, and by determining para-cellular transport in transwell experiments. Cell lysates treated with cytokine and/or cholinergic agonists were analysed for cyto- and chemokine production, and tight junction (TJ) protein rearrangement was assessed. Primary colonic epithelial cells were isolated from surgically resected colon tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. RESULTS IL-1β induced production of chemokines (CXCL-1, CXCL-10, IL-8, CCL-7) and led to a rearrangement of TJ proteins (occludin and ZO-1). This response was inhibited by pre-treatment with muscarinic, rather than nicotinic, acetylcholine receptor agonists. Treatment with IL-1β enhanced paracellular permeability (4kD dextran) and reduced impedance across the monolayer, which was counteracted by pre-incubation with acetylcholine, or muscarinic receptor agonist bethanechol. The protective effect of acetylcholine was antagonized by atropine, underscoring muscarinic receptor involvement. IL-1β induced transcription of myosin light chain kinase and phosphorylation of myosin light chain, and this cytokine-induced phosphorylation of MLC was inhibited by muscarinic receptor agonists. Furthermore, in epithelial cells from resection material of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, high expression of CXCL-8 was associated with a reduced choline acetyl transferase expression, suggesting an aberrant epithelial production of ACh in inflammatory context. CONCLUSION Acetylcholine acts on muscarinic receptors on epithelial cells to maintain epithelial barrier function under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Dhawan
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Diseases; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - I. H. Hiemstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - C. Verseijden
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Diseases; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - F. W. Hilbers
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Diseases; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - A. A. te Velde
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Diseases; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - L. E. M. Willemsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht Germany
| | - J. Stap
- Core Facility Cellular Imaging/LCAM-AMC; Academic Medical Centrum; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - J. M. den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - W. J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Diseases; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Kerperien J, Jeurink PV, Wehkamp T, van der Veer A, van de Kant HJG, Hofman GA, van Esch ECAM, Garssen J, Willemsen LEM, Knippels LMJ. Non-digestible oligosaccharides modulate intestinal immune activation and suppress cow's milk allergic symptoms. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014; 25:747-54. [PMID: 25410019 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's milk allergy is a common food allergy in childhood and no effective preventive or curative treatment is available. This study aimed at comparing single short-chain galacto- (scGOS), long-chain fructo- (lcFOS) or pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS) and/or mixtures of scGOS/lcFOS (GF) or scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS (GFA) to prevent or treat food allergy. METHODS In the preventive protocol, C3H/HeOuJ mice were fed diets containing single oligosaccharides or mixtures GF or GFA throughout the study protocol. In the treatment protocol, GF or GFA was provided for 4 wk starting after the last sensitization. The allergic skin response and anaphylaxis scores were determined, after oral challenge whey-specific immunoglobulins were measured, and qPCR for T-cell markers and Foxp3 counts using immunohistochemistry were performed on the small intestine and colon. RESULTS Only in the preventive setting, the GF or GFA mixture, but not the single oligosaccharides, reduced the allergic skin response and whey-IgG(1) levels in whey-sensitized mice, compared to the control diet. Both GF and GFA increased the number of Foxp3+ cells in the proximal small intestine of whey - compared to sham-sensitized mice. Expression of Th2 and Th17 mRNA markers increased in the middle part of the small intestine of whey-sensitized mice, which was prevented by GF. By contrast, GFA enhanced Tbet (Th1), IL-10 and TGF-β mRNA expression compared to GF which was maintained in the distal small intestine and/or colon. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation with scGOS/lcFOS or scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS during sensitization, both effectively reduce allergic symptoms but differentially affect mucosal immune activation in whey-sensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kerperien
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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van den Elsen LWJ, van Esch BCAM, Hofman GA, Kant J, van de Heijning BJM, Garssen J, Willemsen LEM. Dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent allergic sensitization to cow's milk protein in mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:798-810. [PMID: 23786286 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's milk allergy is one of the most common food allergies in children and no treatment is available. Dietary lipid composition may affect the susceptibility to develop allergic disease. OBJECTIVE Assess whether dietary supplementation with long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) prevents the establishment of food allergy. METHODS Mice were fed a control or fish oil diet before and during oral sensitization with whey. Acute allergic skin response, serum immunoglobulins as well as dendritic cell (DC) and T cell subsets in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen and/or small intestine were assessed. RESULTS The acute allergic skin response was reduced by more than 50% in sensitized mice fed the fish oil diet compared to the control diet. In addition, anti-whey-IgE and anti-whey-IgG1 levels were decreased in the fish oil group. Serum transfer confirmed that the Th2-type humoral response was suppressed since sera of fish oil fed sensitized mice had a diminished capacity to induce an allergic effector response in naïve recipient mice compared to control sera. Furthermore, the acute skin response was diminished upon passive sensitization in fish oil fed naïve recipient mice. In addition, the percentage of activated Th1 cells was reduced by fish oil in spleen and MLN of sham mice. The percentage of activated Th2 cells was reduced in both sham- and whey-sensitized mice. In contrast, whey-sensitized mice showed an increased percentage of CD11b+CD103+CD8α- DC in MLN in association with enhanced FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in spleen and intestine of fish oil fed whey-sensitized mice compared to sham mice. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dietary n-3 LCPUFA largely prevented allergic sensitization in a murine model for cow's milk allergy by suppressing the humoral response, enhancing local intestinal and systemic Treg and reducing acute allergic symptoms, suggesting future applications for the primary prevention of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W J van den Elsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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van den Elsen LWJ, Meulenbroek LAPM, van Esch BCAM, Hofman GA, Boon L, Garssen J, Willemsen LEM. CD25+ regulatory T cells transfer n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids-induced tolerance in mice allergic to cow's milk protein. Allergy 2013; 68:1562-70. [PMID: 24410782 DOI: 10.1111/all.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we have shown that dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) largely prevent allergic sensitization in a murine model for cow's milk allergy. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the prevention of food allergy by n-3 LCPUFA. METHODS C3H/HeOuJ female donor mice were fed a control or fish oil diet before and during oral sensitization with cow's milk protein whey. Acute allergic skin response (ASR), anaphylaxis, body temperature, serum immunoglobulins, and mouse mast cell protease-1 (mmcp-1) were assessed. Splenocytes of sham- or whey-sensitized donor mice fed either control or fish oil diet were adoptively transferred to naïve recipient mice. Recipient mice received a whole splenocyte suspension, splenocytes ex vivo depleted of CD25+ cells, or MACS-isolated CD4+ CD25+ Treg. Recipient mice were sham- or whey-sensitized and fed control diet. RESULTS The ASR as well as whey-specific IgE and whey-specific IgG1 levels were reduced in whey-sensitized donor mice fed the fish oil diet as compared to the control diet. Splenocytes of control-diet-fed whey-sensitized donors transferred immunologic memory. By contrast, splenocytes of fish-oil-fed whey-sensitized - but not sham-sensitized - donors transferred tolerance to recipients as shown by a reduction in ASR and serum mmcp-1, and depletion of CD25+ Treg abrogated this. Transfer of CD25+ Treg confirmed the involvement of Treg in the suppression of allergic sensitization. CONCLUSIONS CD25+ Treg are crucial in whey allergy prevention by n-3 LCPUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. W. J. van den Elsen
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - L. A. P. M. Meulenbroek
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - B. C. A. M. van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
- Danone Research; Centre for Specialised Nutrition; Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - G. A. Hofman
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - L. Boon
- Bioceros BV; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - J. Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
- Danone Research; Centre for Specialised Nutrition; Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - L. E. M. Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
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Boesten RJ, Schuren FHJ, Willemsen LEM, Vriesema A, Knol J, De Vos WM. Bifidobacterium breve - HT-29 cell line interaction: modulation of TNF-α induced gene expression. Benef Microbes 2013; 2:115-28. [PMID: 21831793 DOI: 10.3920/bm2011.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To provide insight in the molecular basis for intestinal host-microbe interactions, we determined the genome-wide transcriptional response of human intestinal epithelial cells following exposure to cells of Bifidobacterium breve. To select an appropriate test system reflecting inflammatory conditions, the responsiveness to TNF-α was compared in T84, Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. The highest TNF-α response was observed in HT-29 cells and this cell line was selected for exposure to the B. breve strains M-16V, NR246 and UCC2003. After one hour of bacterial pre-incubation followed by two hours of additional TNF-α stimulation, B. breve M-16V (86%), but to a much lesser extent strains NR246 (50%) or UCC2003 (32%), showed a strain-specific reduction of the HT-29 transcriptional response to the inflammatory treatment. The most important functional groups of genes that were transcriptionally suppressed by the presence of B. breve M-16V, were found to be involved in immune regulation and apoptotic processes. About 54% of the TNF-α induced genes were solely suppressed by the presence of B. breve M-16V. These included apoptosis-related cysteine protease caspase 7 (CASP7), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), amyloid beta (A4) precursor proteinbinding family A member 1 (APBA1), NADPH oxidase (NOX5), and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR). The extracellular IL-8 concentration was determined by an immunological assay but did not change significantly, indicating that B. breve M-16V only partially modulates the TNF-α pathway. In conclusion, this study shows that B. breve strains modulate gene expression in HT-29 cells under inflammatory conditions in a strain-specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Boesten
- Microbiology Department, TNO Quality of Life, Utrechtseweg, Zeist, the Netherlands.
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Kivit S, Saeland E, Kraneveld AD, Kant HJG, Schouten B, Esch BCAM, Knol J, Sprikkelman AB, Aa LB, Knippels LMJ, Garssen J, Kooyk Y, Willemsen LEM. Galectin-9 induced by dietary synbiotics is involved in suppression of allergic symptoms in mice and humans. Allergy 2012; 67:343-52. [PMID: 22229637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prebiotic galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) resembling non-digestible oligosaccharides in human milk reduce the development of atopic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Galectins are soluble-type lectins recognizing β-galactoside containing glycans. Galectin-9 has been shown to regulate mast cell degranulation and T-cell differentiation. In this study, the involvement of galectin-9 as a mechanism by which scGOS/lcFOS in combination with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V protects against acute allergic symptoms was investigated. METHODS Mice were sensitized orally to whey, while being fed with a diet containing scGOS/lcFOS and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V (GF/Bb) or a control diet. Galectin-9 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in the intestine and measured in the serum by ELISA. T-cell differentiation was investigated in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) as well as in galectin-9-exposed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultures. Sera of the mice were evaluated for the capacity to suppress mast cell degranulation using a RBL-2H3 degranulation assay. In addition, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial, galectin-9 levels were measured in the sera of 90 infants with atopic dermatitis who received hydrolyzed formulae with or without GF/Bb. RESULTS Galectin-9 expression by intestinal epithelial cells and serum galectin-9 levels were increased in mice and humans following dietary intervention with GF/Bb and correlated with reduced acute allergic skin reaction and mast cell degranulation. In addition, GF/Bb enhanced T(h)1- and T(reg)-cell differentiation in MLN and in PBMC cultures exposed to galectin-9. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation with GF/Bb enhances serum galectin-9 levels, which associates with the prevention of allergic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kivit
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - E. Saeland
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - A. D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - H. J. G. Kant
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
| | - B. Schouten
- Danone Research - Centre for Specialised Nutrition; Wageningen; The Netherlands
| | | | - J. Knol
- Danone Research - Centre for Specialised Nutrition; Wageningen; The Netherlands
| | - A. B. Sprikkelman
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy; Emma Children's Hospital; Amsterdam; the Netherlands
| | - L. B. Aa
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy; Emma Children's Hospital; Amsterdam; the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Y. Kooyk
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - L. E. M. Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Science; Utrecht University; The Netherlands
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Van Esch BCAM, Schouten B, Blokhuis BRJ, Hofman GA, Boon L, Garssen J, Knippels LMJ, Willemsen LEM, Redegeld FA. Depletion of CD4+CD25+ T cells switches the whey-allergic response from immunoglobulin E- to immunoglobulin free light chain-dependent. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:1414-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Willemsen LEM, Hoetjes JP, van Deventer SJH, van Tol EAF. Abrogation of IFN-gamma mediated epithelial barrier disruption by serine protease inhibition. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 142:275-84. [PMID: 16232214 PMCID: PMC1809518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier function is often impaired in a variety of diseases including chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Increased intestinal permeability during episodes of active disease correlates with destruction or rearrangement of the tight junction protein complex. IFN-gamma has been widely studied for its effect on barrier function and tight junction structures but its mode of action remains unclear. Since the claudin family of tight junction proteins is proposed to be involved in barrier maintenance we studied the effect of IFN-gamma on claudin expression in relation to epithelial barrier function. Cycloheximide and protease inhibitors were used to study mechanisms of IFN-gamma mediated barrier disruption. Intestinal epithelial cells were exposed to IFN-gamma and permeability was evaluated by horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and 4 kD FITC-dextran fluxes. Occludin and claudin-1, -2, -3, and -4 tight junction protein expression was determined by Western blotting. Occludin and claudin-2 protein expression was dramatically reduced after IFN-gamma exposure, which correlated with increased permeability for HRP and FITC-dextran. Interestingly, cleavage of claudin-2 was observed after incubation with IFN-gamma. Serine protease inhibitor AEBSF completely abrogated IFN-gamma mediated barrier disruption which was associated with preservation of claudin-2 expression. Moreover, IFN-gamma induced loss of barrier integrity was found to affect claudin-2 and occludin expression through different mechanisms. Since inhibition of serine protease activity abrogates IFN-gamma mediated barrier disruption this may be an important target for therapeutic intervention.
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Willemsen LEM, Koetsier MA, van Deventer SJH, van Tol EAF. Short chain fatty acids stimulate epithelial mucin 2 expression through differential effects on prostaglandin E(1) and E(2) production by intestinal myofibroblasts. Gut 2003; 52:1442-7. [PMID: 12970137 PMCID: PMC1773837 DOI: 10.1136/gut.52.10.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mucus layer protects the gastrointestinal mucosa from mechanical, chemical, and microbial challenge. Mucin 2 (MUC-2) is the most prominent mucin secreted by intestinal epithelial cells. There is accumulating evidence that subepithelial myofibroblasts regulate intestinal epithelial cell function and are an important source of prostaglandins (PG). PG enhance mucin secretion and are key players in mucoprotection. The role of bacterial fermentation products in these processes deserves further attention. AIMS We therefore determined whether the effect of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) on MUC-2 expression involves intermediate PG production. METHODS Both mono- and cocultures of epithelial cells and myofibroblasts were used to study the effects of SCFA on MUC-2 expression and PG synthesis. Cell culture supernatants were used to determine the role of myofibroblast derived prostaglandins in increasing MUC-2 expression in epithelial cells. RESULTS Prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) was found to be far more potent than PGE(2) in stimulating MUC-2 expression. SCFA supported a mucoprotective PG profile, reflected by an increased PGE(1)/PGE(2) ratio in myofibroblast supernatants and increased MUC-2 expression in mono- and cocultures. Incubation with indomethacin revealed the latter to be mediated by PG. CONCLUSIONS SCFA can differentially regulate PG production, thus stimulating MUC-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells. This mechanism involving functional interaction between myofibroblasts and epithelial cells may play an important role in the mucoprotective effect of bacterial fermentation products.
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Willemsen LEM, Schreurs CCHM, Kroes H, Spillenaar Bilgen EJ, Van Deventer SJH, Van Tol EAF. A coculture model mimicking the intestinal mucosa reveals a regulatory role for myofibroblasts in immune-mediated barrier disruption. Dig Dis Sci 2002; 47:2316-24. [PMID: 12395905 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020103815011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease involves a mucosal inflammatory response affecting the barrier function of the gut. Myofibroblasts directly underlining the intestinal epithelium may have a regulatory role in immune-mediated barrier disruption. A coculture system of T84 epithelial and CCD-18Co myofibroblasts was established in order to mimic the in situ spatial interactions between these cell types and to evaluate their role in barrier: integrity. Lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) were introduced in co- and monocultures. Effects of immune cells on barrier integrity was determined by measuring resistance and permeability for macromolecules. Introduction of LPMC in both culture systems caused a time-dependent decrease in barrier integrity. This was found to be less pronounced in cocultures indicating a regulatory role for mesenchymal cells. The effects were also found to depend on the route of LPMC stimulation. Additional analyses suggested that the regulatory role of myofibroblasts in barrier integrity involves production of growth factors.
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