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Bacelar PAA, Feitoza LL, Valente SES, Gomes RLF, Martins LV, Almeida PM, Silva VB, Lopes ACA, Carvalho R, Peron AP. Variations in heterochromatin content reveal important polymorphisms for studies of genetic improvement in garlic (Allium sativum L.). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e243514. [PMID: 34133490 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium sativum L. is an herb of the Alliaceae family with a specific taste and aroma and medicinal and nutraceutical properties that are widely marketed in several countries. Brazil is one of the largest importers of garlic in the world, despite of its production is restricted and limited to internal consumption. Thus, explore the genetic diversity of commercial garlic conserved at germplasm banks is essential to generate additional genetic information about its economically important crop. A suitable tool for this purpose is the cytogenetic characterisation of these accessions. This study aimed to characterise the cytogenetic diversity among seven accessions of garlic from a Germplasm Bank in Brazil. The karyotypes were obtained by conventional staining and with chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorochromes. All accessions analysed showed chromosome number 2n = 16, karyotype formula 6M+2SM, symmetrical karyotypes, reticulate interphase nuclei, and chromosomes with uniform chromatin condensation from prophase to metaphase. The fluorochromes staining showed differences in the amount and distribution of heterochromatin along the chromosomes and between accessions studied. Based on the distribution pattern of these small polymorphisms, it was possible to separate the seven accessions into three groups. It was also possible to differentiate some of the accessions individually. One of the results obtained showed a heteromorphic distension of the nucleolar organiser region observed on the chromosome pairs 6 or 7 with peculiar characteristics. It was suggested for example, that the heteromorphic block of heterochromatin (CMA+++/DAPI-) on chromosome 6 of the "Branco Mineiro Piauí" accession can be used as a marker to identify this genotype or may be associated with some character of economic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A A Bacelar
- Universidade Federal do Piauí - UFPI, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia - PPGA, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - L L Feitoza
- Universidade Federal do Piauí - UFPI, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia - PPGA, Teresina, PI, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Departamento de Biologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - S E S Valente
- Universidade Federal do Piauí - UFPI, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia - PPGA, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - R L F Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Piauí - UFPI, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia - PPGA, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - L V Martins
- Universidade Federal do Piauí - UFPI, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia - PPGA, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - P M Almeida
- Universidade Estadual do Piauí - UESPI, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - FACIME, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - V B Silva
- Universidade Federal do Piauí - UFPI, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia - PPGA, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - A C A Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Piauí - UFPI, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia - PPGA, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - R Carvalho
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Departamento de Biologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - A P Peron
- Universidade Federal do Piauí - UFPI, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia - PPGA, Teresina, PI, Brasil.,Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza - DABIC, Campo Mourão, PR, Brasil
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Frâncica LS, Gonçalves EV, Santos AA, Vicente YS, Silva TS, Gonzalez RS, Almeida PM, Feitoza LL, Bueno PAA, Souza DC, Peron AP. Antiproliferative, genotoxic and mutagenic potential of synthetic chocolate food flavoring. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e243628. [PMID: 33978084 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavoring additives are of great technological importance for the food industry. However, there is little information regarding the toxicological properties of these micro-ingredients, especially at the cellular level. The present study used meristematic root cells of Allium cepa L. to evaluate the toxicity of a liquid, aroma and flavor synthetic chocolate additive, manufactured and widely marketed throughout Brazil and exported to other countries in South America. The flavoring concentrations evaluated were 100.00; 50.00; 25.00; 1.00; 0.50 and 0.25 µL/L, where the highest concentration established was one-hundred times lower than that commercially suggested for use. The concentration 100 µL/L substantially reduced cell division of meristems within 24- and 48-hours exposure. Concentrations from 100.00 to 0.50 µL/L resulted in a significant number of prophases to the detriment of the other phases of cell division, indicating an aneugenic activity, and induced a significant number of cellular changes, with emphasis on micronuclei, nuclear buds and chromosomal breaks. Under the established analysis conditions, with the exception of concentration 0.25 µL/L, the flavoring of chocolate caused cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity to root meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Frâncica
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Curso de Engenharia Ambiental, Campus de Campo Mourão, Campo Mourão, PR, Brasil
| | - E V Gonçalves
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Curso de Engenharia Ambiental, Campus de Campo Mourão, Campo Mourão, PR, Brasil
| | - A A Santos
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Curso de Engenharia de Alimentos, Campus de Campo Mourão, Campo Mourão, PR, Brasil
| | - Y S Vicente
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Curso de Engenharia Ambiental, Campus de Campo Mourão, Campo Mourão, PR, Brasil
| | - T S Silva
- Universidade Federal do Piauí - UFPI, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento - PPGM, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella - CMPP, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - R S Gonzalez
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Departamento de Química - DAQUI, Campus de Campo Mourão, Campo Mourão, PR, Brasil
| | - P M Almeida
- Universidade Estadual do Piauí - UESPI, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - FACIME, Campus Poeta Torquato Neto, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - L L Feitoza
- Universidade Federal do Piauí - UFPI, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento - PPGM, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella - CMPP, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - P A A Bueno
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza - DABIC, Campus de Campo Mourão, Campo Mourão, PR, Brasil
| | - D C Souza
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza - DABIC, Campus de Campo Mourão, Campo Mourão, PR, Brasil
| | - A P Peron
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza - DABIC, Campus de Campo Mourão, Campo Mourão, PR, Brasil.,Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovações Tecnológicas - PPGIT, Campus de Campo Mourão, Campo Mourão, PR, Brasil.,Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Ambiental - PPGEA, Campus de Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brasil
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