Evaluation of mycotoxin binder supplementation on production parameters and organ weights in Toulouse geese with experimental aflatoxicosis

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the beneficial effects of a mycotoxin binder (Mycotox NG 0.05%) in 40 day-old Toulouse geese from both sexes with experimental aflatoxicosis. The birds were reared from day one to 42 days of age on deep litter system and divided into four groups. Normal feed free of aflatoxin (AFB1), was given to the control (Group 1). The feed of Group 2 was supplemented with 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG, aflatoxin (0.5 mg/kg feed) was supplemented to the feed of Group 3 and Mycotox NG (0.05%) + 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 - to the feed of Group 4. Production parameters (body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion) and relative organ weights were recorded. The results showed that the total feed intake, final live weight of Mycotox NG + AFB1 treated birds (Group 4) at 6 weeks of age were significantly increased (P<0.01) as compared to birds treated only with AFB1 (Group 3). The total feed conversion ratio of the group given AFB1 only (Group 3) at 6 weeks of age was significantly increased (P<0.01) compared to controls while in Mycotox Ng + AFB1 treated birds (Group-4) it was significantly increased (P<0.01) by post treatment week 1 vs controls, but not as compared to birds treated with AFB1 alone. There was a significant increase in relative weights of liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, pancreas, proventriculus and gizzard in birds fed only aflatoxin (Group 3). The co-administration of Mycotox NG (0.5 g/kg feed) with AFB1 (Group 4) reduced the relative weights of thymus and bursa of Fabricius. The study concluded that dietary supplementation of Mycotox NG could partially neutralise aflatoxicity in geese.

Effect of aflatoxin B1 alone or co-administered with Mycotox NG on the renal function and morphology of turkey broilers

The changes in relative weight of kidneys, blood plasma uric acid, urea, creatinine, calcium and inorganic phosphate, and the morphology of kidneys were investigated in turkey broilers with experimentally induced aflatoxicosis B1 (AFB1) treated or not with a mycosorbent (Mycotox NB). Experiments were carried out with 60 7-day-old female turkey broilers (meat TM strain) divided into one control and five treatment groups (n=10): Group I – control (0 mg/kg AFB1 not supplemented with Mycotox NG); Group II (0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG), Group III (0.2 mg/kg AFB1), Group IV (0.4 mg/kg AFB1), Group V (0.2 mg/kg AFB1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG) and Group VI (0.4 mg/kg AFB1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG). The changes in blood parameters were assayed on day 21 and 42. Blood analysis in groups III and IV on day 21 showed increased urea and creatinine concentrations and reduction in blood uric acid, calcium and inorganic phosphate. These changes tended to become more pronounced on day 42. The relative weight of kidneys was increased in groups III and IV after the end of the experiment. Morphological alterations of renal parenchyma in Groups I and II were not present. In birds from group III, desquamation of epithelial cells from the basement membrane, dilated glomerular subcapsular space and round-cell proliferation were noted. In Group V, these changes were far more severe and comprised granular and fatty dystrophy, karyolysis and plasmolysis, necrobiotic to necrotic processes, haemorrhages, congestion. The supplementation of the feed of groups V and VI with the tested toxin binder reduced the severity of reduction of kidneys’ relative weight, magnitude of changes in blood parameters, and the frequency and severity of histological lesions.

[Effective tocolysis without β-agonists]

Many years the β-mimetics (Partussisten, Gynipral) were first line tocolytic agents in terms of delaying premature delivery in our country. As these medicaments have been withdrawn from the pharmacy network, some concerns began to appear among our colleges considering the administration of other tocolytics and their effectiveness. Our goal is to compare the efficacy of other tocolytics with β-mimetics. That is why we reviewed the structure of premature deliveries in the University Hospital "Stoyan Kirkovich", Stara Zagora for two periods: 01.01.2013 - 31.12. 2013 and 01.01.2014 - 01.06.2014.

RESULTS

45 of 326 pregnancies (13.8%) > 20 weeks of gestation for 2013, treated with Gynipral have ended with a premature delivery vs. 13 of 110 pregnancies (11.8%), treated with magnesium (Mg SO4, Magnerich, Magnerot), calcium channel blockers and spasmolyticsfor the period - 01:01.2014 - 01.06.2014.

CONCLUSION

The results show, that at this stage, several months after the cessation of use of β-mimetics, there is no rise of number and percentage of premature deliveries, but there is even a tendence of decline. Larger periods and greater number of cases are needed to formulate conclusions with greater significance.

[Operative treatment--prognostic factor in patients with ovarian cancer stage I-II]

OBJECTIVE

The authors present and analyze the modern concepts of the role of surgery as a prognostic factor for patients with early epithelial ovarian cancer (st. I-II). They review, synthetize and summarize the information from 15 studies, published in the recent years, and concerning the subject.

CONCLUSION

Surgery treatment for early epithelial ovarian cancer is one of the most important prognostic factors. The appropriate surgical performance contributes either for complete staging or for optimal primary cytoreduction and strongly influence the development and outcome of disease.

[Impact of the ammount of medicaments, administered as adjuvant chemotherapy, over the survival of female patients with early epitelial ovarian cancer]

A cohort of 215 female patients with early epithelial ovarian cancer, researched for 13 year period (2000-2012). The authors are setting a goal to investigate how does the amount of chemotherapeutic medicaments, administered as adjuvant therapy influences the survival of these patients.

CONCLUSION

The application of three or more chemotherapeutic agents does not improve the survival of female patients with early epithelial ovarian cancer, indicated for chemotherapy.

[Tumor size and prognosis for patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma at early stage]

The goal of the research is to discover and analyze the dependence of survival on the tumor size in a cohort of 215 female patients with early epithelial ovarian cancer fallowed up for 13 year period (2000-2012). After multiple analyze among 18 other prognostic factors, using Cox proportional regression, tumor size remained one of five most significant.

CONCLUSION

The bigger the size of the tumor, the poorer the prognosis for the overall survival (p = 0.0001) and progression free survival (p = 0.4) of patient with epithelial ovarian cancer at early stage.

[Laparoscopy and early ovarian cancer]

Review of modern opinions and tendencies, concerning the role of laparoscopic surgery for the staging and treatment of ovarian cancer stage I-II.

CONCLUSION

The laparoscopic approach of surgical staging of early ovarian cancer is equal and even has more advantages then conventional laparotomy if it is performed from gynecologists- oncologists with enough skills and experience in laparoscopic surgery.

[The role of adjuvant chemotherapy as a prognostic factor in patients with early stage of epithelian ovarian cancer (I - II stage)]

The authors present and analyze the modem concepts of the role of adjuvant chemotherapy as a prognostic factor for patients with early epithelial ovarian cancer (st. I-II). They review, synthetize and summarize the information from studies and researches, published in the recent years, and concerning the subject.

CONCLUSION

Adjuvant chemotherapy for early epithelial ovarian cancer improves overall survival of patients having tumors with grade 2 or 3, stagelC or grater and suboptimal surgical staging.

[Postoperatively conformed effectiveness of preoperative radio therapy, combined with chemotherapy - cysplatin]

The authors present a case of a 35 years old female patient with spinocellular carcinoma of the cervix, diagnosed after byopsy and treated with radiotherapy 30 Gray, combined with Cisplatin 50 mg. per square meter, per week, 6 months before radical histerectomy and lymphonodulectomy was performed. The postoperative histology shows only traces of dysplastic epithelia, which proves preoperative therapy effective.

[Endometrial cancer, turned out to be an endometroid ovarian cancer stage II]

43 years old female patients endometrial biopsy diagnosis shows highly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Because of this result she underwent total hysterectomy two weeks later, and the new hystology result is: highly differentiated endometroid ovarian carcinoma.

[Angioleiomyoma utery in a female patient with damaged health condition. Diagnostic and terapeutic difficulties]

35 years old patient with many health problems, on a haemodialysis and a big abdominal tumor originating from the pelvis. The authors share their clinical approach and their diagnostic and terapeutic difficulties in this case and refer to one of their previous publications.

[Female with severe multiorgan damage and algetic myoma utery]

Painfull myoma utery in a patient with poor health condition and many disfunctional organs: Diabetes mellitus, Chronic renal insufficiency Gr. III (most probably a result of compression of the ureters causing bilateral hydronephrosis), arterial hypertony, anemia. The authors introduce their therapeutic model and manage to perform successfull operation after stabilizing the patient and intensive postoperative care. They point out the team work and good synchronization between the hospital divisions as crucial for the success of the treatment.

[Rare form of cervix carcinoma, infiltrating cervical myoma]

The authors describe rare case of carcinoma colli uteri, which grows to infiltrate submucose cervical myoma.

[Operative method of cervix conisation]

The authors describe an operative method of cervix conisation, which they used by 41 patients in a 11-years period (1998-2009). Shearing their experience of the results they achieved, they are making some conclusions.

[Fetal mortality of children in breech presentation for the period 1990-2001 (12 years)]

The authors review 12-years period (1990-2001) during which they research the fetal mortality of children born in breech presentation in the University clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. They present a figure of the possible risks for the fetus in breech presentation and breech delivery.

[Rate of cesarean section with breech presentation in Stara Zagora for 12-years period]

The authors review and analyse the structure and the rate of the cesarean section with breech presentation in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, for 12-years period. They present their algorithm of work.

[Prematurity, breech presentation, and delivery]

The authors research 248 immature infants (> 1000 < 2500 g), born in breech presentation in the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stara Zagora in 12 years (1990-2001).

[Multiple pregnancy and breech presentation]

The article is about multiple pregnancy with twins during labor, when the first twin is in vertex presentation and the second is in breech presentation. The authors observe the obstetrical management in this combination in the clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Stara Zagora for 12 years period--1990-2001.

[Choice of the type of manual assistance used during delivery of a fetus in breech presentation]

The authors show statistics of the manual assistance methods, performed by the obstetricians in the clinic of obstetrics and gynecology of Stara Zagora, when delivering of fetuses in breach presentation. They observe 12-year period and introduce their algorithm.

[Is the breech presentation and delivery normal or pathological?]

The authors share their opinion, comparing their personal experience with the data in the world literature.

[Giant uterus myoma in patient of 84 years old. Case report and discussion]

The authors of the present report describe a case of myoma utery permagna developped in 84-years old female, who hasn't recieved HRT. Despite being a rare finding at this age, the giant myoma pennit us to rise a question about the hormonal influence of the etrogens on the growth of this tumor.

[Roberts syndrome. Case report and literature review]

Mature infant born with tetraphocomelia from 26 years old mother after uncomplicated unobserved pregnancy. Rare case of Roberts Syndrome.

[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy. Case report and literature review]

The outors report of two cases of sucsessfully done laparoscopic cholecystectomy in pregnant women with cholelithiasis. The first patient was pregnant with 6 lunar months and suffering of acute cholecystitis, and the second woman is pregnant in 4-th lunar month whith cholelithiasis. During both postoperative periods--no complications. The pregnancies in both cases ended in therm and healthy mature children was born. We make a brief literature review and present whith the opinion that with strong indications and good prepared and experienced surgents, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a method of choice.

Efficacy of parenteral administration of ivermectin in the control of strongylidosis in donkeys

Investigations into the efficacy of parenteral ivermectin (Pandex) administration for strongylidosis control in donkeys were carried out. The preparation was applied subcutaneously at a dose of 0.2 mg / kg (1mℓ / 50 kg body weight). One day prior to the treatment and 14 days post-treatment, individual coprological samples were obtained for faecal nematode egg counts and larval culture. The study was performed on 263 donkeys originating from different regions of Bulgaria. Prior to the treatment and 20 days after that, blood samples were obtained from 64 previously infected animals for monitoring of changes in eosinophil leukocyte counts. The subcutaneous application of ivermectin had an efficacy of 96 % in terms of reduction of faecal egg counts. In 92.2%of infected donkeys, a complete reduction of faecal eggs count occurred (0 eggs per gram of faeces epg), whereas in the remaining 7.8%of the infected donkeys, the egg counts were reduced by 72 %. The reduction in faecal egg counts did not result in changes in eosinophil counts. The results obtained as well as the lack of local changes after the subcutaneous application of ivermectin in donkeys allow us to recommend its use for control of strongyles in donkeys.

[Cystic teratoma of the caecum, demonstrating as an ovarian tumor: case report and literature review]

Benign cystic teratoma of the caecum of 24 year woman interpreted as an ovarian tumor. Rare case that can contribute to the gynecology theory, practice and diagnostic.

[A case of a papilloferous cystadenoma of boundary malignancy in a 29-year-old female patient with high surgical risk]

A case of papilloferous serous cystadenoma of boundary malignancy in a 29-year old female patient, with VCS syndrome--status post phlebothrombosis ileofemoralis dextra. Thrombosis vena cava superior is presented.

[Cancer of the cervix uteri--exophytic form, prominating through the vaginal introitus of a 52-year old patient]

The authors describe a rare case of carcinoma of the cervix uteri with exophytic accretion, prominating through the vaginal introitus of a 52-year old patient. They make the conclusion that accurate, precise and early diagnostics is necessary as well as an experienced operative team because during surgery there might be surprises, disturbing its normal course and outcome.

[Our experience with cedax (ceftibuten) in the obstetrical and gynecological practice]

Cedax is an oral third generation cephalosporin for use with a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity. It has been made a comparative study between Cedax and other third generation cephalosporins in 40 pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria. The authors made a conclusion Cedax is a preferred antibacterial drug for treatment of similar infections of pregnancy because of his easy application way and the absence of side effects.

[Hysteroscopic diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma]

Searching of more effective methods for early diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer has confirmed the hysteroscopy as most complete and sufficient manner in this direction. In the present exposition the authors are sharing their experience and making some practical conclusions that may be useful for the physicians applying this method.

[Elective cesarean section during delivery and emergency. Interrelations among different indicators]

The authors made a retrospective research over 466 Cesarean sections for a 4 year period. The cases were divided into three groups: 1. Elective Cesarean section 2. Cesarean section during the delivery 3. Emergency Cesarean section The purpose is to compare clinical results for the mother and baby in the three groups. We found that: 1. The best results we found in the first group 2. Similar results may be achieved in the other groups, if continuous monitoring of the labor, and if there are possibilities for an emergency operative treatment.

[Parovarian cyst in an 18-year-old patient]

A rare case of a large paraovarian cyst in an unusually young 18-age-old patient, filling up the whole abdominal cavity, is described. It is concluded that an accurate and precise diagnostics, and also an experienced surgical team would be required in such a surgery as complete surprises can take place effecting its course and outcome.

[Peripartal hysterectomy]

In the present investigation the authors review 37 cases of peripartal hysterectomy, made in our clinic for a 10 year period. The results show that there is a high risk intervention, because of the massive blood loss and altered anatomical structure.

[Collective medical care institutions in Uruguay. Impact of the regulation]

Collective medical care institutions have been in existence for more than a century and have provided medical care to more than half of Uruguayans through a modality that integrates insurance and provision of services. In the last decade, these institutions have presented a persistent deficit: 52% of the beneficiaries are members of institutions with a deficit of more than 4%. We analyze the impact of the regulation of certain aspects related to the behavior of supply (market concentration and quotas, risk selection, price fixing) and demand (adverse selection and the effect of the co-payments in services utilization). The regulation seems not to have promoted the necessary incentives to efficiency and quality by the IAMC, one of the key aspects to be approached in the context of sectorial reform.

Bioelectric impedance in the estimation of hemodynamic and fluid status in dialysis patients

In order to estimate the hemodynamic and fluid changes, "dry body weight" and intradialytic stability, electric bioimpedance cardiography was performed in 37 dialysis patients during dialysis procedure, i.e. before, at 2 h and after dialysis. The following parameters were estimated: systemic vascular resistance index-fl. Ohm/m2 (SVRI), mean arterial pressure-Torr (MAP), thoracic fluid conductivity/Ohm (TFC), cardiac index-L/min/m2 (CI), left cardiac work index-kg m/m2 (LCWI) and ejection fraction % (EF). Results were compared with changes in total body water estimated by the urea kinetic model (UKM). The patients were divided into three groups: normotensive (n = 12), hypertensive (n = 15) and hypotensive (n = 10). EF was increased in all the three groups, but only in hypotensives this change was significant (from 40.5 +/- 9.1 to 50.2 +/- 5.41, p < 0.01). The changes in other hemodynamic parameters (CI, LCWI, SVRI) did not reach statistical significance. TFC decreased significantly in all the three groups: normotensive from 0.056 +/- 0.009 to 0.048 +/- 0.009 (p < 0.001), hypotensive from 0.043 +/- 0.009 to 0.035 +/- 0.058 (p < 0.001) and hypertensive from 0.054 +/- 0.016 to 0.045 +/- 0.014 (p < 0.001). These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in total body water (TBW): from 34.05 +/- 4.19 to 32.72 +/- 4.51 in the hypotensive group, from 34.06 +/- 7.18 to 32.91 +/- 7.27 in the normotensive group, and from 38.92 +/- 7.06 to 37.59 +/- 7.04 in the hypertensive group. The technique was found to be simple, noninvasive and helpful for the estimation of individual hemodynamic changes during dialysis procedure.

[Gynecological interventions and cesarean section without suturing of the peritoneum (visceral and parietal)]

The authors reveal advantages of sewing off technics of parietal and visceral peritoneum in gynaecologic operations and Caesarean sections compared with common routine technics of sewing up. This study is prospective, controlled and includes two years period. 170 cases of gynaecologic operations and 45 Caesarean sections are investigated. It is confirmed the role of preoperative microbiologic investigations of cervical secret and vaginal secret. On the base of results similar to world experience in this field authors recommend described technics to gynaecologists and obstetricians.

[Myoma uteri permagna in a 21-year-old woman]

The authors inform about very rarely case of myoma uteri permagna of yang person 21 years old. They had diagnostically and operative difficulties.

[A single-stage double-layer suture for restoration of the uterine wall in cesarean section--our experience]

The author report, that in the Clinic of Obstetric & Gynaecology--St. Zagora, since 15 years, the uterine wall was reconstructed in two stories during caesarean section with continued catgut stitches. From 1990 they set the task to study prospectively the results of using the new surgical technics--one-stored, two-layered suture for reconstruction of the uterine wall during caesarean section. The received results of this method at 71 patients for 4 years & 5 months are very good and they confirm the effectiveness of one-stored, two-layered suture. The task is to enlarge the limits of using this technics from the others assistants in the clinic.

[Protracted labor ending with a cesarean section--a high-risk factor for puerperal infection]

The author undertakes a study to investigate the protracted delivery with different duration of prematurely ruptured membranes, to investigate and to compare the morbidity and structure of patients. To investigate the lochia secretions and to compare the microflora of the patients with ruptured membranes at different times with a view to their influence by antibiotic prophylaxis. At the end author makes appropriate conclusions.

[The active management of labor. The advantages and disadvantages]

The doctrine for active conduct of labour is undoubtedly leading in the modern obstetrics. The authors apply a new, modified method for the conduct of labour, which is applied electively. The most important labour's components are reflected on simplified partogram in order to graphic visual aids.

[A rare case of a kidney situated in the lesser pelvis. The diagnostic difficulties]

The minor aries to us an interesting case--woman, 30 years with two deliveries-at gynaecological examination in the polyclinic it is found a formation in the region of the left ovary. The laparotomy in this connection finds ectopic situated left kidney in the minor pelvis. The author calls attention to the differential diagnostic difficulties, which poses this casus to the practising gynaecologists and that it always must be thinking about this also on a large aspect.

[The relationship between the outcome of a free vaginal birth and the indications for a prior cesarean section]

The author sets up the task to analyse the correlation between the results of vaginal delivery and the indications for a previous Caesarean section. The work is done on the base of 740 deliveries in the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Stara Zagora. The author discusses the major indications for Caesarean delivery especially pelvis-fetal disproportion and makes the conclusion that this indication has not been set properly during the first Caesarean delivery because the women delivers even larger fetuses per vias naturales in the consequent pregnancies. The pelvio-fetal disproportion in pregnancy does not mean that the next pregnancies must be terminated by operation.

[Vaginal birth following a cesarean section in twin pregnancy]

On the basis of his own experience and investigation and a survey of published materials the author supports the view that the combination of a bigeminal pregnancy and a previous Caesarean operation should not in itself lead to an obligatory indication for a second Caesarean operation. The rigid criterion for a safe vaginal delivery applied in cases of unifetal pregnancy should be applied here, too. If there are no other contraindications the possibility of a vaginal delivery should not be excluded. Caesarean operation with all accompanying inconveniences, prolonged stay in the hospital and possible complications is not the best choice for a woman which is to look after two new-born babies.

[Recurrent infarct in a young female diabetic]

A case with repeated myocardial infarction is reported in a 23-year old female diabetic, established at necropsy and not diagnosed while still living. The infarctions had been painless and their electrocardiographic manifestation had not been definite. Generalized atherosclerosis with coronary sclerosis was pathologoanatomically established, with no obturating thrombus in the magistral vessels. Diffuse microangiopathic changes, in myocardium including, were present. The pathogenetic possibilities, associated with the characteristics of the clinical picture were discussed.