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Giannuzzi D, Biolatti B, Longato E, Divari S, Starvaggi Cucuzza L, Pregel P, Scaglione FE, Rinaldi A, Chiesa LM, Cannizzo FT. Application of RNA-sequencing to identify biomarkers in broiler chickens prophylactic administered with antimicrobial agents. Animal 2020; 15:100113. [PMID: 33573988 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial (AM) resistance is largely acknowledged as one of the biggest global health and food safety challenges and the overuse of AMs is known to generate resistance in bacteria that may affect both animals and humans. Poultry meat is the second most-produced meat in the European Union and in recent years consumers are becoming more concerned about food safety, traceability, and animal welfare in poultry rearing system, increasingly requiring meats from broilers reared without AMs. In the present study, we performed RNA sequencing to analyze 64 liver and 54 muscle transcriptomic profiles in broilers reared without treatment or treated with different classes of AMs. Moreover, we validated the most differentially expressed genes among the treated groups to detect putative novel biomarkers able to discriminate meats of broilers reared without AMs. The PDK4, IGFBP1, and RHOB genes were identified as putative novel hepatic biomarkers, discriminating broilers treated with AMs compared to broilers reared without treatments. The whole transcriptome changes revealed the liver as a valuable target organ for AM administration screening. In addition, our results suggest a leading effect of the coccidiostat when associated with AMs, influencing several biological processes. Our study showed that RNA sequencing is a powerful and valuable method to detect aberrant regulated genes and to identify biomarker candidates for AM misuse detection in farm animals. Further validation on larger sample size and a wider spectrum of AMs are needed to confirm the viability of the aforementioned biomarkers in poultry population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Legnaro, I-35020 Padua, Italy.
| | - B Biolatti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, I-10095 Turin, Italy
| | - E Longato
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, I-10095 Turin, Italy
| | - S Divari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, I-10095 Turin, Italy
| | - L Starvaggi Cucuzza
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, I-10095 Turin, Italy
| | - P Pregel
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, I-10095 Turin, Italy
| | - F E Scaglione
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, I-10095 Turin, Italy
| | - A Rinaldi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - L M Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - F T Cannizzo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, I-10095 Turin, Italy
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Chiesa LM, Ceriani F, Caligara M, Di Candia D, Malandra R, Panseri S, Arioli F. Mussels and clams from the italian fish market. is there a human exposition risk to metals and arsenic? Chemosphere 2018; 194:644-649. [PMID: 29241139 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seafood is associated with many beneficial effects on human health. However, the overall level of contaminants in biota has increased over the last two centuries and seafood is one of the source of oral exposition to contaminants. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, chromium and nickel presence in mussels and clams, from the Italian market, and the associated risk. The samples were from five different FAO areas. Analyses were carried out using inductively-coupled plasms-mass spectrometry. The sample concentrations were below the maximum levels stated by Commission Regulation (EC) 1881/2006, except one mussel sample, which was non-compliant for cadmium (2.13 ± 0.20 mg kg-1). For arsenic, nickel and chromium, maximum levels are not stated by the European Union. In this study, arsenic ranged from 1.29 to 13.35 mg kg-1 and nickel ranged from <LOQ-3.98 mg kg-1, except one sample, whose nickel concentration was 21.70 mg kg-1. Chromium was found only in 15 samples, with a maximum concentration of 2.81 ± 0.27 mg kg-1, in one clam sample. Our results indicate that the average Italian consumption of molluscs, does not pose a risk for consumers, except nickel, which can cause allergic dermatitis in nickel-sensitive individuals. However a particular concern is caused by the exposition to As of the 95th percentile consumers: the Hazard Index for skin lesions, was >1, and BMDL10 for lung bladder and skin cancer in all mussel samples was overcome, in the 100% and 25% of mussel and clam samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Chiesa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - F Ceriani
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M Caligara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli, 37, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - D Di Candia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli, 37, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - R Malandra
- ATS Milano-Città metropolitana, Veterinary Unit, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - F Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Chiesa LM, Labella GF, Giorgi A, Panseri S, Pavlovic R, Bonacci S, Arioli F. The occurrence of pesticides and persistent organic pollutants in Italian organic honeys from different productive areas in relation to potential environmental pollution. Chemosphere 2016; 154:482-490. [PMID: 27085062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bee products, such as honey, are widely consumed as food and consumer interest is currently oriented towards organic foods. Regarding this, the European Commission establishes that the qualification of organic honey and other beekeeping products as being from organic production is closely bound with the characteristics of hive treatments as well as the quality of the environment. Agricultural contamination with pesticides is a challenging problem that needs to be fully addressed, in particular in the field of organic production systems. In this study, the occurrence of different classes of contaminants selected as representative of potential contamination sources were investigated in 59 organic honeys: organochlorines, OCs; organophosphates, OPs; polychlorobiphenyls, PCBs and polybromodiphenylethers, PBDEs. A method based on Accelerated Solvent Extraction with "in line" clean-up and GC-MS/MS detection was developed to detect contaminants. Residues of many pesticides were found in most of the samples investigated. The majority of honey samples contained at least one of the pesticides, even if their concentrations were found to be lower than its MRL. Diazinon, Mevinphos, Coumaphos, Chlorpyrifos and Quinoxyfen were the residues frequently detected in samples coming from the apple and citrus orchard areas. Furthermore, the results of the present study show that the presence of the residue in organic honey may also be affected by the geographical area (e.g. the presence of an agricultural system) confirming honey bee and beehive matrices as appropriate sentinels for monitoring contamination in the environment. The optimised method proved to be simple and rapid, requiring small sample sizes and minimising solvent consumption, due to the ASE having an "in line" clean-up step.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - G F Labella
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Giorgi
- Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment, Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048, Edolo, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - R Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - S Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - F Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Chiesa LM, Labella GF, Panseri S, Pavlovic R, Bonacci S, Arioli F. Distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPS) IN wild Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) from different FAO capture zones. Chemosphere 2016; 153:162-169. [PMID: 27016811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Residues of environmental contaminants in food represent a concern in food safety programs. In this study, the distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were evaluated in 79 tuna samples from FAO areas 51 (Indian Ocean), 71 (Pacific Ocean), 34 (Atlantic Ocean), and 37 (Mediterranean Sea). 6 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 16 organochlorines (OCs) and 7 polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were selected as representative compounds according to EFSA POPs monitoring guidelines. An analytical method, based on Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE), with an "in-line" clean-up step and GC-MS/MS detection, was developed, validated and applied. PCBs were detected in all FAO areas, with a prevalence of 100% for most of them. In the FAO area 37, only, all PBDEs were detected. Only 5 OCs were detected. The results showed that POPs contamination of tuna reflects FAO area contamination; in particular FAO area 37 was the most polluted. Moreover, tuna muscle was an appropriate matrix for monitoring contamination and for obtaining information about food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - G F Labella
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - R Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - F Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Arioli F, Chiesa LM, Fracchiolla ML, Biondi PA, Pompa G. ADD, AED, α-Boldenone and Epitestosterone Neo Formation in Calf Faeces: Preliminary Results. Vet Res Commun 2015; 29 Suppl 2:355-7. [PMID: 16244993 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-005-0080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Arioli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety-Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Kocic G, Pavlovic R, Nikolic G, Veljkovic A, Panseri S, Chiesa LM, Andjelkovic T, Jevtovic-Stoimenov T, Sokolovic D, Cvetkovic T, Stojanovic S, Kocic H, Nikolic R. Effect of commercial or depurinized milk on rat liver growth-regulatory kinases, nuclear factor-kappa B, and endonuclease in experimental hyperuricemia: comparison with allopurinol therapy. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4029-42. [PMID: 24835972 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a biochemical hallmark of gout, renal urate lithiasis, and inherited purine disorders, and may be a result of enormous ATP breakdown or purine release as a result of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, kidney disease, eclampsia, obesity, metabolic syndrome, psoriasis, tumor lysis syndrome, or intense physical training. The beneficial role of dairy products on hyperuricemia management and prevention is well documented in the literature. The primary aim of our experimental study was to examine the effect of milk dietary regimen (commercial 1.5% fat UHT milk or patented depurinized milk) compared with allopurinol therapy on experimental hyperuricemia induced by oxonic acid in rats. Principal component analysis was applied on a data set consisting of 11 variables for 8 different experimental groups. Among the 11 parameters measured (plasma uric acid and the liver parameters NFκB-p65, Akt kinase/phospho-Akt kinase, ERK kinase/phospho-ERK kinase, IRAK kinase/phospho IRAK kinase, p38/phospho-p38, and DNase), Akt/phospho Akt and ERK/phospho-ERK signaling were extracted as the most discriminating. We also compared the content of various potentially toxic compounds (sulfur compounds, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, carboxylic acids, and phthalates) in untreated commercial milk and depurinized milk. Of all the compounds investigated in this study that were observed in commercial milk (24 volatile organic compounds and 4 phthalates), 6 volatile organic compounds were not detected in depurinized milk. For almost all of the other compounds, significant decreases in concentration were observed in depurinized milk compared with commercial milk. In conclusion, a depurinized milk diet may be recommended in nutritional treatment of primary and secondary hyperuricemia to avoid uric acid and other volatile, potentially toxic compounds that may slow down liver regeneration and may induce chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kocic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia.
| | - R Pavlovic
- Department of Chemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - G Nikolic
- Department of Chemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - A Veljkovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - S Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan 20121, Italy
| | - L M Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan 20121, Italy
| | - T Andjelkovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - T Jevtovic-Stoimenov
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - D Sokolovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - T Cvetkovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - S Stojanovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
| | - H Kocic
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - R Nikolic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Nis, Nis 18000, Serbia
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science and Technologies for Food Safety, Laboratory Animal Food Inspection, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Biondi PA, Passerò E, Soncin S, Bernardi C, Chiesa LM. Selective Determination of Dihydroxyacetone in Self-Tanning Creams by HPLC as Pentafluorobenzyloxime Derivative. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sgoifo Rossi CA, Arioli F, Bassini A, Chiesa LM, Dell'Orto V, Montana M, Pompa G. Evidence for false-positive results for boldenone testing of veal urine due to faecal cross-contamination during sampling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 21:756-62. [PMID: 15370825 DOI: 10.1080/02652030410001725688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
European Directive 96/22/EC, which controls veterinary residues in animals, does not permit the presence of synthetic growth promoters in products of animal origin or in livestock. Boldenone is categorized in class A3 (growth promoters -- steroids) and is thus a banned substance. Testing of veal urine for banned substances is part of the European Union statutory programme for animals going into the food chain. In relation to this monitoring, three studies were conducted to investigate the apparent presence of the banned growth promoter boldenone in veal urine, which was suspected as being caused by interference from faecal contamination of the sample. In the first study, urine samples were collected at different times (time 0 and after 30 min) using (1) a conventional zoonotechnical apron and (2) a technique designed specifically to avoid faecal contamination ('kettle'). This resulted in samples that were, respectively, positive and negative for the presence of alpha-boldenone (alpha-BOL). In a second study, urine samples negative to alpha-BOL were collected from eight veal calves, but became positive after deliberate faecal contamination. In a third study, data obtained from the Italian RNP (Residual National Program) indicated that 18.1% of 3295 urine samples collected using the zootechnical apron were positive for alpha-BOL and 2.1% for beta-boldenone (beta-BOL), whilst of 902 samples collected using the kettle, beta-BOL was not detected in any samples and only 0.2% were positive to alpha-BOL, in concentrations lower than 2 ng ml(-1). These results further support the supposition that faecal contamination of the urine during sample collection can lead to false-positive results during boldenone analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Sgoifo Rossi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Via Celoria 10, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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Chiesa LM, Radice L, Belloli R, Renon P, Biondi PA. Gas chromatographic determination of galactose in milk. Example of a switching valve used for the protection of the capillary column. J Chromatogr A 1999; 847:47-51. [PMID: 10431351 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Galactose, a marker of heat treatment, has been analysed in milk as pentafluorobenzyloxime acetate by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection using a simple switching valve system. The procedure did not entail any prederivatization clean-up for lactose elimination from the sample. In a short pre-column, reagent and lactose derivative excess were separated and the galactose and internal standard derivatives were transferred to the analytical column by a four-port valve. Thus, the analytical column was protected from overloading, so avoiding rapid deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Chiesa
- Istituto di Fisiologia Veterinaria e Biochimica, Milan, Italy
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Biondi PA, Chiesa LM, Storelli MR, Renon P. A new procedure for the specific high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hydroxyproline. J Chromatogr Sci 1997; 35:509-12. [PMID: 9358626 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/35.11.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A procedure suitable for a selective high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of the imino acid hydroxyproline in the presence of a large excess of amino acids is proposed. To deaminate the amino acids, the well-known reaction with nitrous acid is exploited. The N-nitroso derivatives of imino acids obtained are extracted in ethyl acetate, denitrosated by hydrobromic acid, and treated with dabsyl-chloride. The final HPLC separations are carried out on a reversed-phase column in a rapid isocratic run. The use of the cis isomer of hydroxyproline as an internal standard allows good reproducibility. As an application of the described method, the hydroxyproline content in samples containing collagen and an excess of bovine serum albumine (up to 20:1) is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Biondi
- Istituto di Fisiologia Veterinaria e Biochimica, Milano, Italy
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